user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst
######################
Database Utility Class
######################
The Database Utility Class contains methods that help you manage your
database.
.. contents::
:local:
:depth: 2
******************************
Initializing the Utility Class
******************************
.. important:: In order to initialize the Utility class, your database
driver must already be running, since the utilities class relies on it.
Load the Utility Class as follows::
$this->load->dbutil();
You can also pass another database object to the DB Utility loader, in case
the database you want to manage isn't the default one::
$this->myutil = $this->load->dbutil($this->other_db, TRUE);
In the above example, we're passing a custom database object as the first
parameter and then tell it to return the dbutil object, instead of
assigning it directly to ``$this->dbutil``.
.. note:: Both of the parameters can be used individually, just pass an empty
value as the first one if you wish to skip it.
Once initialized you will access the methods using the ``$this->dbutil``
object::
$this->dbutil->some_method();
****************************
Using the Database Utilities
****************************
Retrieve list of database names
================================
Returns an array of database names::
$dbs = $this->dbutil->list_databases();
foreach ($dbs as $db)
{
echo $db;
}
Determine If a Database Exists
==============================
Sometimes it's helpful to know whether a particular database exists.
Returns a boolean TRUE/FALSE. Usage example::
if ($this->dbutil->database_exists('database_name'))
{
// some code...
}
.. note:: Replace *database_name* with the name of the database you are
looking for. This method is case sensitive.
Optimize a Table
================
Permits you to optimize a table using the table name specified in the
first parameter. Returns TRUE/FALSE based on success or failure::
if ($this->dbutil->optimize_table('table_name'))
{
echo 'Success!';
}
.. note:: Not all database platforms support table optimization. It is
mostly for use with MySQL.
Repair a Table
==============
Permits you to repair a table using the table name specified in the
first parameter. Returns TRUE/FALSE based on success or failure::
if ($this->dbutil->repair_table('table_name'))
{
echo 'Success!';
}
.. note:: Not all database platforms support table repairs.
Optimize a Database
===================
Permits you to optimize the database your DB class is currently
connected to. Returns an array containing the DB status messages or
FALSE on failure.
::
$result = $this->dbutil->optimize_database();
if ($result !== FALSE)
{
print_r($result);
}
.. note:: Not all database platforms support database optimization. It
it is mostly for use with MySQL.
Export a Query Result as a CSV File
===================================
Permits you to generate a CSV file from a query result. The first
parameter of the method must contain the result object from your
query. Example::
$this->load->dbutil();
$query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM mytable");
echo $this->dbutil->csv_from_result($query);
The second, third, and fourth parameters allow you to set the delimiter
newline, and enclosure characters respectively. By default commas are
used as the delimiter, "\n" is used as a new line, and a double-quote
is used as the enclosure. Example::
$delimiter = ",";
$newline = "\r\n";
$enclosure = '"';
echo $this->dbutil->csv_from_result($query, $delimiter, $newline, $enclosure);
.. important:: This method will NOT write the CSV file for you. It
simply creates the CSV layout. If you need to write the file
use the :doc:`File Helper <../helpers/file_helper>`.
Export a Query Result as an XML Document
========================================
Permits you to generate an XML file from a query result. The first
parameter expects a query result object, the second may contain an
optional array of config parameters. Example::
$this->load->dbutil();
$query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM mytable");
$config = array (
'root' => 'root',
'element' => 'element',
'newline' => "\n",
'tab' => "\t"
);
echo $this->dbutil->xml_from_result($query, $config);
.. important:: This method will NOT write the XML file for you. It
simply creates the XML layout. If you need to write the file
use the :doc:`File Helper <../helpers/file_helper>`.
********************
Backup Your Database
********************
Database Backup Notes
=====================
Permits you to backup your full database or individual tables. The
backup data can be compressed in either Zip or Gzip format.
.. note:: This feature is only available for MySQL and Interbase/Firebird databases.
.. note:: For Interbase/Firebird databases, the backup file name is the only parameter.
$this->dbutil->backup('db_backup_filename');
.. note:: Due to the limited execution time and memory available to PHP,
backing up very large databases may not be possible. If your database is
very large you might need to backup directly from your SQL server via
the command line, or have your server admin do it for you if you do not
have root privileges.
Usage Example
=============
::
// Load the DB utility class
$this->load->dbutil();
// Backup your entire database and assign it to a variable
$backup = $this->dbutil->backup();
// Load the file helper and write the file to your server
$this->load->helper('file');
write_file('/path/to/mybackup.gz', $backup);
// Load the download helper and send the file to your desktop
$this->load->helper('download');
force_download('mybackup.gz', $backup);
Setting Backup Preferences
==========================
Backup preferences are set by submitting an array of values to the first
parameter of the ``backup()`` method. Example::
$prefs = array(
'tables' => array('table1', 'table2'), // Array of tables to backup.
'ignore' => array(), // List of tables to omit from the backup
'format' => 'txt', // gzip, zip, txt
'filename' => 'mybackup.sql', // File name - NEEDED ONLY WITH ZIP FILES
'add_drop' => TRUE, // Whether to add DROP TABLE statements to backup file
'add_insert' => TRUE, // Whether to add INSERT data to backup file
'newline' => "\n" // Newline character used in backup file
);
$this->dbutil->backup($prefs);
Description of Backup Preferences
=================================
======================= ======================= ======================= ========================================================================
Preference Default Value Options Description
======================= ======================= ======================= ========================================================================
**tables** empty array None An array of tables you want backed up. If left blank all tables will be
exported.
**ignore** empty array None An array of tables you want the backup routine to ignore.
**format** gzip gzip, zip, txt The file format of the export file.
**filename** the current date/time None The name of the backed-up file. The name is needed only if you are using
zip compression.
**add_drop** TRUE TRUE/FALSE Whether to include DROP TABLE statements in your SQL export file.
**add_insert** TRUE TRUE/FALSE Whether to include INSERT statements in your SQL export file.
**newline** "\\n" "\\n", "\\r", "\\r\\n" Type of newline to use in your SQL export file.
**foreign_key_checks** TRUE TRUE/FALSE Whether output should keep foreign key checks enabled.
======================= ======================= ======================= ========================================================================
***************
Class Reference
***************
.. php:class:: CI_DB_utility
.. php:method:: backup([$params = array()])
:param array $params: An associative array of options
:returns: raw/(g)zipped SQL query string
:rtype: string
Perform a database backup, per user preferences.
.. php:method:: database_exists($database_name)
:param string $database_name: Database name
:returns: TRUE if the database exists, FALSE otherwise
:rtype: bool
Check for the existence of a database.
.. php:method:: list_databases()
:returns: Array of database names found
:rtype: array
Retrieve a list of all the database names.
.. php:method:: optimize_database()
:returns: Array of optimization messages or FALSE on failure
:rtype: array
Optimizes the database.
.. php:method:: optimize_table($table_name)
:param string $table_name: Name of the table to optimize
:returns: Array of optimization messages or FALSE on failure
:rtype: array
Optimizes a database table.
.. php:method:: repair_table($table_name)
:param string $table_name: Name of the table to repair
:returns: Array of repair messages or FALSE on failure
:rtype: array
Repairs a database table.
.. php:method:: csv_from_result($query[, $delim = ','[, $newline = "\n"[, $enclosure = '"']]])
:param object $query: A database result object
:param string $delim: The CSV field delimiter to use
:param string $newline: The newline character to use
:param string $enclosure: The enclosure delimiter to use
:returns: The generated CSV file as a string
:rtype: string
Translates a database result object into a CSV document.
.. php:method:: xml_from_result($query[, $params = array()])
:param object $query: A database result object
:param array $params: An associative array of preferences
:returns: The generated XML document as a string
:rtype: string
Translates a database result object into an XML document.