django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py
"""
This module contains the 'base' GEOSGeometry object -- all GEOS Geometries
inherit from this object.
"""
import re
from ctypes import addressof, byref, c_double
from django.contrib.gis import gdal
from django.contrib.gis.geometry import hex_regex, json_regex, wkt_regex
from django.contrib.gis.geos import prototypes as capi
from django.contrib.gis.geos.base import GEOSBase
from django.contrib.gis.geos.coordseq import GEOSCoordSeq
from django.contrib.gis.geos.error import GEOSException
from django.contrib.gis.geos.libgeos import GEOM_PTR, geos_version_tuple
from django.contrib.gis.geos.mutable_list import ListMixin
from django.contrib.gis.geos.prepared import PreparedGeometry
from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import ewkb_w, wkb_r, wkb_w, wkt_r, wkt_w
from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
class GEOSGeometryBase(GEOSBase):
_GEOS_CLASSES = None
ptr_type = GEOM_PTR
destructor = capi.destroy_geom
has_cs = False # Only Point, LineString, LinearRing have coordinate sequences
def __init__(self, ptr, cls):
self._ptr = ptr
# Setting the class type (e.g., Point, Polygon, etc.)
if type(self) in (GEOSGeometryBase, GEOSGeometry):
if cls is None:
if GEOSGeometryBase._GEOS_CLASSES is None:
# Inner imports avoid import conflicts with GEOSGeometry.
from .collections import (
GeometryCollection,
MultiLineString,
MultiPoint,
MultiPolygon,
)
from .linestring import LinearRing, LineString
from .point import Point
from .polygon import Polygon
GEOSGeometryBase._GEOS_CLASSES = {
0: Point,
1: LineString,
2: LinearRing,
3: Polygon,
4: MultiPoint,
5: MultiLineString,
6: MultiPolygon,
7: GeometryCollection,
}
cls = GEOSGeometryBase._GEOS_CLASSES[self.geom_typeid]
self.__class__ = cls
self._post_init()
def _post_init(self):
"Perform post-initialization setup."
# Setting the coordinate sequence for the geometry (will be None on
# geometries that do not have coordinate sequences)
self._cs = (
GEOSCoordSeq(capi.get_cs(self.ptr), self.hasz) if self.has_cs else None
)
def __copy__(self):
"""
Return a clone because the copy of a GEOSGeometry may contain an
invalid pointer location if the original is garbage collected.
"""
return self.clone()
def __deepcopy__(self, memodict):
"""
The `deepcopy` routine is used by the `Node` class of django.utils.tree;
thus, the protocol routine needs to be implemented to return correct
copies (clones) of these GEOS objects, which use C pointers.
"""
return self.clone()
def __str__(self):
"EWKT is used for the string representation."
return self.ewkt
def __repr__(self):
"Short-hand representation because WKT may be very large."
return "<%s object at %s>" % (self.geom_type, hex(addressof(self.ptr)))
# Pickling support
def _to_pickle_wkb(self):
return bytes(self.wkb)
def _from_pickle_wkb(self, wkb):
return wkb_r().read(memoryview(wkb))
def __getstate__(self):
# The pickled state is simply a tuple of the WKB (in string form)
# and the SRID.
return self._to_pickle_wkb(), self.srid
def __setstate__(self, state):
# Instantiating from the tuple state that was pickled.
wkb, srid = state
ptr = self._from_pickle_wkb(wkb)
if not ptr:
raise GEOSException("Invalid Geometry loaded from pickled state.")
self.ptr = ptr
self._post_init()
self.srid = srid
@classmethod
def _from_wkb(cls, wkb):
return wkb_r().read(wkb)
@staticmethod
def from_ewkt(ewkt):
ewkt = force_bytes(ewkt)
srid = None
parts = ewkt.split(b";", 1)
if len(parts) == 2:
srid_part, wkt = parts
match = re.match(rb"SRID=(?P<srid>\-?\d+)", srid_part)
if not match:
raise ValueError("EWKT has invalid SRID part.")
srid = int(match["srid"])
else:
wkt = ewkt
if not wkt:
raise ValueError("Expected WKT but got an empty string.")
return GEOSGeometry(GEOSGeometry._from_wkt(wkt), srid=srid)
@staticmethod
def _from_wkt(wkt):
return wkt_r().read(wkt)
@classmethod
def from_gml(cls, gml_string):
return gdal.OGRGeometry.from_gml(gml_string).geos
# Comparison operators
def __eq__(self, other):
"""
Equivalence testing, a Geometry may be compared with another Geometry
or an EWKT representation.
"""
if isinstance(other, str):
try:
other = GEOSGeometry.from_ewkt(other)
except (ValueError, GEOSException):
return False
return (
isinstance(other, GEOSGeometry)
and self.srid == other.srid
and self.equals_exact(other)
)
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.srid, self.wkt))
# ### Geometry set-like operations ###
# Thanks to Sean Gillies for inspiration:
# http://lists.gispython.org/pipermail/community/2007-July/001034.html
# g = g1 | g2
def __or__(self, other):
"Return the union of this Geometry and the other."
return self.union(other)
# g = g1 & g2
def __and__(self, other):
"Return the intersection of this Geometry and the other."
return self.intersection(other)
# g = g1 - g2
def __sub__(self, other):
"Return the difference this Geometry and the other."
return self.difference(other)
# g = g1 ^ g2
def __xor__(self, other):
"Return the symmetric difference of this Geometry and the other."
return self.sym_difference(other)
# #### Coordinate Sequence Routines ####
@property
def coord_seq(self):
"Return a clone of the coordinate sequence for this Geometry."
if self.has_cs:
return self._cs.clone()
# #### Geometry Info ####
@property
def geom_type(self):
"Return a string representing the Geometry type, e.g. 'Polygon'"
return capi.geos_type(self.ptr).decode()
@property
def geom_typeid(self):
"Return an integer representing the Geometry type."
return capi.geos_typeid(self.ptr)
@property
def num_geom(self):
"Return the number of geometries in the Geometry."
return capi.get_num_geoms(self.ptr)
@property
def num_coords(self):
"Return the number of coordinates in the Geometry."
return capi.get_num_coords(self.ptr)
@property
def num_points(self):
"Return the number points, or coordinates, in the Geometry."
return self.num_coords
@property
def dims(self):
"Return the dimension of this Geometry (0=point, 1=line, 2=surface)."
return capi.get_dims(self.ptr)
def normalize(self, clone=False):
"""
Convert this Geometry to normal form (or canonical form).
If the `clone` keyword is set, then the geometry is not modified and a
normalized clone of the geometry is returned instead.
"""
if clone:
clone = self.clone()
capi.geos_normalize(clone.ptr)
return clone
capi.geos_normalize(self.ptr)
def make_valid(self):
"""
Attempt to create a valid representation of a given invalid geometry
without losing any of the input vertices.
"""
return GEOSGeometry(capi.geos_makevalid(self.ptr), srid=self.srid)
# #### Unary predicates ####
@property
def empty(self):
"""
Return a boolean indicating whether the set of points in this Geometry
are empty.
"""
return capi.geos_isempty(self.ptr)
@property
def hasz(self):
"Return whether the geometry has a 3D dimension."
return capi.geos_hasz(self.ptr)
@property
def ring(self):
"Return whether or not the geometry is a ring."
return capi.geos_isring(self.ptr)
@property
def simple(self):
"Return false if the Geometry isn't simple."
return capi.geos_issimple(self.ptr)
@property
def valid(self):
"Test the validity of this Geometry."
return capi.geos_isvalid(self.ptr)
@property
def valid_reason(self):
"""
Return a string containing the reason for any invalidity.
"""
return capi.geos_isvalidreason(self.ptr).decode()
# #### Binary predicates. ####
def contains(self, other):
"Return true if other.within(this) returns true."
return capi.geos_contains(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def covers(self, other):
"""
Return True if the DE-9IM Intersection Matrix for the two geometries is
T*****FF*, *T****FF*, ***T**FF*, or ****T*FF*. If either geometry is
empty, return False.
"""
return capi.geos_covers(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def crosses(self, other):
"""
Return true if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two Geometries
is T*T****** (for a point and a curve,a point and an area or a line and
an area) 0******** (for two curves).
"""
return capi.geos_crosses(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def disjoint(self, other):
"""
Return true if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two Geometries
is FF*FF****.
"""
return capi.geos_disjoint(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def equals(self, other):
"""
Return true if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two Geometries
is T*F**FFF*.
"""
return capi.geos_equals(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def equals_exact(self, other, tolerance=0):
"""
Return true if the two Geometries are exactly equal, up to a
specified tolerance.
"""
return capi.geos_equalsexact(self.ptr, other.ptr, float(tolerance))
def equals_identical(self, other):
"""
Return true if the two Geometries are point-wise equivalent.
"""
if geos_version_tuple() < (3, 12):
raise GEOSException(
"GEOSGeometry.equals_identical() requires GEOS >= 3.12.0."
)
return capi.geos_equalsidentical(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def intersects(self, other):
"Return true if disjoint return false."
return capi.geos_intersects(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def overlaps(self, other):
"""
Return true if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two Geometries
is T*T***T** (for two points or two surfaces) 1*T***T** (for two curves).
"""
return capi.geos_overlaps(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def relate_pattern(self, other, pattern):
"""
Return true if the elements in the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the
two Geometries match the elements in pattern.
"""
if not isinstance(pattern, str) or len(pattern) > 9:
raise GEOSException("invalid intersection matrix pattern")
return capi.geos_relatepattern(self.ptr, other.ptr, force_bytes(pattern))
def touches(self, other):
"""
Return true if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two Geometries
is FT*******, F**T***** or F***T****.
"""
return capi.geos_touches(self.ptr, other.ptr)
def within(self, other):
"""
Return true if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two Geometries
is T*F**F***.
"""
return capi.geos_within(self.ptr, other.ptr)
# #### SRID Routines ####
@property
def srid(self):
"Get the SRID for the geometry. Return None if no SRID is set."
s = capi.geos_get_srid(self.ptr)
if s == 0:
return None
else:
return s
@srid.setter
def srid(self, srid):
"Set the SRID for the geometry."
capi.geos_set_srid(self.ptr, 0 if srid is None else srid)
# #### Output Routines ####
@property
def ewkt(self):
"""
Return the EWKT (SRID + WKT) of the Geometry.
"""
srid = self.srid
return "SRID=%s;%s" % (srid, self.wkt) if srid else self.wkt
@property
def wkt(self):
"Return the WKT (Well-Known Text) representation of this Geometry."
return wkt_w(dim=3 if self.hasz else 2, trim=True).write(self).decode()
@property
def hex(self):
"""
Return the WKB of this Geometry in hexadecimal form. Please note
that the SRID is not included in this representation because it is not
a part of the OGC specification (use the `hexewkb` property instead).
"""
# A possible faster, all-python, implementation:
# str(self.wkb).encode('hex')
return wkb_w(dim=3 if self.hasz else 2).write_hex(self)
@property
def hexewkb(self):
"""
Return the EWKB of this Geometry in hexadecimal form. This is an
extension of the WKB specification that includes SRID value that are
a part of this geometry.
"""
return ewkb_w(dim=3 if self.hasz else 2).write_hex(self)
@property
def json(self):
"""
Return GeoJSON representation of this Geometry.
"""
return self.ogr.json
geojson = json
@property
def wkb(self):
"""
Return the WKB (Well-Known Binary) representation of this Geometry
as a Python memoryview. SRID and Z values are not included, use the
`ewkb` property instead.
"""
return wkb_w(3 if self.hasz else 2).write(self)
@property
def ewkb(self):
"""
Return the EWKB representation of this Geometry as a Python memoryview.
This is an extension of the WKB specification that includes any SRID
value that are a part of this geometry.
"""
return ewkb_w(3 if self.hasz else 2).write(self)
@property
def kml(self):
"Return the KML representation of this Geometry."
gtype = self.geom_type
return "<%s>%s</%s>" % (gtype, self.coord_seq.kml, gtype)
@property
def prepared(self):
"""
Return a PreparedGeometry corresponding to this geometry -- it is
optimized for the contains, intersects, and covers operations.
"""
return PreparedGeometry(self)
# #### GDAL-specific output routines ####
def _ogr_ptr(self):
return gdal.OGRGeometry._from_wkb(self.wkb)
@property
def ogr(self):
"Return the OGR Geometry for this Geometry."
return gdal.OGRGeometry(self._ogr_ptr(), self.srs)
@property
def srs(self):
"Return the OSR SpatialReference for SRID of this Geometry."
if self.srid:
try:
return gdal.SpatialReference(self.srid)
except (gdal.GDALException, gdal.SRSException):
pass
return None
@property
def crs(self):
"Alias for `srs` property."
return self.srs
def transform(self, ct, clone=False):
"""
Requires GDAL. Transform the geometry according to the given
transformation object, which may be an integer SRID, and WKT or
PROJ string. By default, transform the geometry in-place and return
nothing. However if the `clone` keyword is set, don't modify the
geometry and return a transformed clone instead.
"""
srid = self.srid
if ct == srid:
# short-circuit where source & dest SRIDs match
if clone:
return self.clone()
else:
return
if isinstance(ct, gdal.CoordTransform):
# We don't care about SRID because CoordTransform presupposes
# source SRS.
srid = None
elif srid is None or srid < 0:
raise GEOSException("Calling transform() with no SRID set is not supported")
# Creating an OGR Geometry, which is then transformed.
g = gdal.OGRGeometry(self._ogr_ptr(), srid)
g.transform(ct)
# Getting a new GEOS pointer
ptr = g._geos_ptr()
if clone:
# User wants a cloned transformed geometry returned.
return GEOSGeometry(ptr, srid=g.srid)
if ptr:
# Reassigning pointer, and performing post-initialization setup
# again due to the reassignment.
capi.destroy_geom(self.ptr)
self.ptr = ptr
self._post_init()
self.srid = g.srid
else:
raise GEOSException("Transformed WKB was invalid.")
# #### Topology Routines ####
def _topology(self, gptr):
"Return Geometry from the given pointer."
return GEOSGeometry(gptr, srid=self.srid)
@property
def boundary(self):
"Return the boundary as a newly allocated Geometry object."
return self._topology(capi.geos_boundary(self.ptr))
def buffer(self, width, quadsegs=8):
"""
Return a geometry that represents all points whose distance from this
Geometry is less than or equal to distance. Calculations are in the
Spatial Reference System of this Geometry. The optional third parameter sets
the number of segment used to approximate a quarter circle (defaults to 8).
(Text from PostGIS documentation at ch. 6.1.3)
"""
return self._topology(capi.geos_buffer(self.ptr, width, quadsegs))
def buffer_with_style(
self, width, quadsegs=8, end_cap_style=1, join_style=1, mitre_limit=5.0
):
"""
Same as buffer() but allows customizing the style of the memoryview.
End cap style can be round (1), flat (2), or square (3).
Join style can be round (1), mitre (2), or bevel (3).
Mitre ratio limit only affects mitered join style.
"""
return self._topology(
capi.geos_bufferwithstyle(
self.ptr, width, quadsegs, end_cap_style, join_style, mitre_limit
),
)
@property
def centroid(self):
"""
The centroid is equal to the centroid of the set of component Geometries
of highest dimension (since the lower-dimension geometries contribute zero
"weight" to the centroid).
"""
return self._topology(capi.geos_centroid(self.ptr))
@property
def convex_hull(self):
"""
Return the smallest convex Polygon that contains all the points
in the Geometry.
"""
return self._topology(capi.geos_convexhull(self.ptr))
def difference(self, other):
"""
Return a Geometry representing the points making up this Geometry
that do not make up other.
"""
return self._topology(capi.geos_difference(self.ptr, other.ptr))
@property
def envelope(self):
"Return the envelope for this geometry (a polygon)."
return self._topology(capi.geos_envelope(self.ptr))
def intersection(self, other):
"Return a Geometry representing the points shared by this Geometry and other."
return self._topology(capi.geos_intersection(self.ptr, other.ptr))
@property
def point_on_surface(self):
"Compute an interior point of this Geometry."
return self._topology(capi.geos_pointonsurface(self.ptr))
def relate(self, other):
"Return the DE-9IM intersection matrix for this Geometry and the other."
return capi.geos_relate(self.ptr, other.ptr).decode()
def simplify(self, tolerance=0.0, preserve_topology=False):
"""
Return the Geometry, simplified using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm
to the specified tolerance (higher tolerance => less points). If no
tolerance provided, defaults to 0.
By default, don't preserve topology - e.g. polygons can be split,
collapse to lines or disappear holes can be created or disappear, and
lines can cross. By specifying preserve_topology=True, the result will
have the same dimension and number of components as the input. This is
significantly slower.
"""
if preserve_topology:
return self._topology(capi.geos_preservesimplify(self.ptr, tolerance))
else:
return self._topology(capi.geos_simplify(self.ptr, tolerance))
def sym_difference(self, other):
"""
Return a set combining the points in this Geometry not in other,
and the points in other not in this Geometry.
"""
return self._topology(capi.geos_symdifference(self.ptr, other.ptr))
@property
def unary_union(self):
"Return the union of all the elements of this geometry."
return self._topology(capi.geos_unary_union(self.ptr))
def union(self, other):
"Return a Geometry representing all the points in this Geometry and other."
return self._topology(capi.geos_union(self.ptr, other.ptr))
# #### Other Routines ####
@property
def area(self):
"Return the area of the Geometry."
return capi.geos_area(self.ptr, byref(c_double()))
def distance(self, other):
"""
Return the distance between the closest points on this Geometry
and the other. Units will be in those of the coordinate system of
the Geometry.
"""
if not isinstance(other, GEOSGeometry):
raise TypeError("distance() works only on other GEOS Geometries.")
return capi.geos_distance(self.ptr, other.ptr, byref(c_double()))
@property
def extent(self):
"""
Return the extent of this geometry as a 4-tuple, consisting of
(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax).
"""
from .point import Point
env = self.envelope
if isinstance(env, Point):
xmin, ymin = env.tuple
xmax, ymax = xmin, ymin
else:
xmin, ymin = env[0][0]
xmax, ymax = env[0][2]
return (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
@property
def length(self):
"""
Return the length of this Geometry (e.g., 0 for point, or the
circumference of a Polygon).
"""
return capi.geos_length(self.ptr, byref(c_double()))
def clone(self):
"Clone this Geometry."
return GEOSGeometry(capi.geom_clone(self.ptr))
class LinearGeometryMixin:
"""
Used for LineString and MultiLineString.
"""
def interpolate(self, distance):
return self._topology(capi.geos_interpolate(self.ptr, distance))
def interpolate_normalized(self, distance):
return self._topology(capi.geos_interpolate_normalized(self.ptr, distance))
def project(self, point):
from .point import Point
if not isinstance(point, Point):
raise TypeError("locate_point argument must be a Point")
return capi.geos_project(self.ptr, point.ptr)
def project_normalized(self, point):
from .point import Point
if not isinstance(point, Point):
raise TypeError("locate_point argument must be a Point")
return capi.geos_project_normalized(self.ptr, point.ptr)
@property
def merged(self):
"""
Return the line merge of this Geometry.
"""
return self._topology(capi.geos_linemerge(self.ptr))
@property
def closed(self):
"""
Return whether or not this Geometry is closed.
"""
return capi.geos_isclosed(self.ptr)
@deconstructible
class GEOSGeometry(GEOSGeometryBase, ListMixin):
"A class that, generally, encapsulates a GEOS geometry."
def __init__(self, geo_input, srid=None):
"""
The base constructor for GEOS geometry objects. It may take the
following inputs:
* strings:
- WKT
- HEXEWKB (a PostGIS-specific canonical form)
- GeoJSON (requires GDAL)
* memoryview:
- WKB
The `srid` keyword specifies the Source Reference Identifier (SRID)
number for this Geometry. If not provided, it defaults to None.
"""
input_srid = None
if isinstance(geo_input, bytes):
geo_input = force_str(geo_input)
if isinstance(geo_input, str):
wkt_m = wkt_regex.match(geo_input)
if wkt_m:
# Handle WKT input.
if wkt_m["srid"]:
input_srid = int(wkt_m["srid"])
g = self._from_wkt(force_bytes(wkt_m["wkt"]))
elif hex_regex.match(geo_input):
# Handle HEXEWKB input.
g = wkb_r().read(force_bytes(geo_input))
elif json_regex.match(geo_input):
# Handle GeoJSON input.
ogr = gdal.OGRGeometry.from_json(geo_input)
g = ogr._geos_ptr()
input_srid = ogr.srid
else:
raise ValueError("String input unrecognized as WKT EWKT, and HEXEWKB.")
elif isinstance(geo_input, GEOM_PTR):
# When the input is a pointer to a geometry (GEOM_PTR).
g = geo_input
elif isinstance(geo_input, memoryview):
# When the input is a memoryview (WKB).
g = wkb_r().read(geo_input)
elif isinstance(geo_input, GEOSGeometry):
g = capi.geom_clone(geo_input.ptr)
else:
raise TypeError("Improper geometry input type: %s" % type(geo_input))
if not g:
raise GEOSException("Could not initialize GEOS Geometry with given input.")
input_srid = input_srid or capi.geos_get_srid(g) or None
if input_srid and srid and input_srid != srid:
raise ValueError("Input geometry already has SRID: %d." % input_srid)
super().__init__(g, None)
# Set the SRID, if given.
srid = input_srid or srid
if srid and isinstance(srid, int):
self.srid = srid