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enforce a maximum line length (max-len)

Very long lines of code in any language can be difficult to read. In order to aid in readability and maintainability many coders have developed a convention to limit lines of code to X number of characters (traditionally 80 characters).

var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }, "difficult": "to read" }; // very long

Rule Details

This rule enforces a maximum line length to increase code readability and maintainability. The length of a line is defined as the number of Unicode characters in the line.

Options

This rule has a number or object option:

• "code" (default 80) enforces a maximum line length
• "tabWidth" (default 4) specifies the character width for tab characters
• "comments" enforces a maximum line length for comments; defaults to value of code
• "ignorePattern" ignores lines matching a regular expression; can only match a single line and need to be double escaped when written in YAML or JSON
• "ignoreComments": true ignores all trailing comments and comments on their own line
• "ignoreTrailingComments": true ignores only trailing comments
• "ignoreUrls": true ignores lines that contain a URL
• "ignoreStrings": true ignores lines that contain a double-quoted or single-quoted string
• "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true ignores lines that contain a template literal
• "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true ignores lines that contain a RegExp literal

code

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default { "code": 80 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80]*/

var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }, "difficult": "to read" };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default { "code": 80 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80]*/

var foo = {
  "bar": "This is a bar.",
  "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" },
  "easier": "to read"
};

tabWidth

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default { "tabWidth": 4 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80, 4]*/

\t  \t  var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" } };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default { "tabWidth": 4 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80, 4]*/

\t  \t  var foo = {
\t  \t  \t  \t  "bar": "This is a bar.",
\t  \t  \t  \t  "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }
\t  \t  };

comments

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the { "comments": 65 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "comments": 65 }]*/

/**
 * This is a comment that violates the maximum line length we have specified
**/

ignoreComments

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreComments": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreComments": true }]*/

/**
 * This is a really really really really really really really really really long comment
**/

ignoreTrailingComments

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreTrailingComments": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreTrailingComments": true }]*/

var foo = 'bar'; // This is a really really really really really really really long comment

ignoreUrls

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreUrls": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreUrls": true }]*/

var url = 'https://www.example.com/really/really/really/really/really/really/really/long';

ignoreStrings

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreStrings": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreStrings": true }]*/

var longString = 'this is a really really really really really long string!';

ignoreTemplateLiterals

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var longTemplateLiteral = `this is a really really really really really long template literal!`;

ignoreRegExpLiterals

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true }]*/

var longRegExpLiteral = /this is a really really really really really long regular expression!/;

ignorePattern

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignorePattern": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignorePattern": "^\\s*var\\s.+=\\s*require\\s*\\(/" }]*/

var dep = require('really/really/really/really/really/really/really/really/long/module');

Related Rules

• [complexity](complexity.md)
• [max-depth](max-depth.md)
• [max-nested-callbacks](max-nested-callbacks.md)
• [max-params](max-params.md)
• [max-statements](max-statements.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

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Disallow Undeclared Variables (no-undef)

This rule can help you locate potential ReferenceErrors resulting from misspellings of variable and parameter names, or accidental implicit globals (for example, from forgetting the var keyword in a for loop initializer).

Rule Details

Any reference to an undeclared variable causes a warning, unless the variable is explicitly mentioned in a /*global ...*/ comment.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

var a = someFunction();
b = 10;

Examples of correct code for this rule with global declaration:

/*global someFunction b:true*/
/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

var a = someFunction();
b = 10;

The b:true syntax in /*global */ indicates that assignment to b is correct.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with global declaration:

/*global b*/
/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

b = 10;

By default, variables declared in /*global */ are read-only, therefore assignment is incorrect.

Options

• typeof set to true will warn for variables used inside typeof check (Default false).

typeof

Examples of correct code for the default { "typeof": false } option:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

if (typeof UndefinedIdentifier === "undefined") {
    // do something ...
}

You can use this option if you want to prevent typeof check on a variable which has not been declared.

Examples of incorrect code for the { "typeof": true } option:

/*eslint no-undef: ["error", { "typeof": true }] */

if(typeof a === "string"){}

Examples of correct code for the { "typeof": true } option with global declaration:

/*global a*/
/*eslint no-undef: ["error", { "typeof": true }] */

if(typeof a === "string"){}

Environments

For convenience, ESLint provides shortcuts that pre-define global variables exposed by popular libraries and runtime environments. This rule supports these environments, as listed in Specifying Environments. A few examples are given below.

browser

Examples of correct code for this rule with browser environment:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
/*eslint-env browser*/

setTimeout(function() {
    alert("Hello");
});

node

Examples of correct code for this rule with node environment:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
/*eslint-env node*/

var fs = require("fs");
module.exports = function() {
    console.log(fs);
};

When Not To Use It

If explicit declaration of global variables is not to your taste.

Compatibility

This rule provides compatibility with treatment of global variables in JSHint and JSLint. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

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Disallow Undeclared Variables (no-undef)

This rule can help you locate potential ReferenceErrors resulting from misspellings of variable and parameter names, or accidental implicit globals (for example, from forgetting the var keyword in a for loop initializer).

Rule Details

Any reference to an undeclared variable causes a warning, unless the variable is explicitly mentioned in a /*global ...*/ comment.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

var a = someFunction();
b = 10;

Examples of correct code for this rule with global declaration:

/*global someFunction b:true*/
/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

var a = someFunction();
b = 10;

The b:true syntax in /*global */ indicates that assignment to b is correct.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with global declaration:

/*global b*/
/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

b = 10;

By default, variables declared in /*global */ are read-only, therefore assignment is incorrect.

Options

• typeof set to true will warn for variables used inside typeof check (Default false).

typeof

Examples of correct code for the default { "typeof": false } option:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/

if (typeof UndefinedIdentifier === "undefined") {
    // do something ...
}

You can use this option if you want to prevent typeof check on a variable which has not been declared.

Examples of incorrect code for the { "typeof": true } option:

/*eslint no-undef: ["error", { "typeof": true }] */

if(typeof a === "string"){}

Examples of correct code for the { "typeof": true } option with global declaration:

/*global a*/
/*eslint no-undef: ["error", { "typeof": true }] */

if(typeof a === "string"){}

Environments

For convenience, ESLint provides shortcuts that pre-define global variables exposed by popular libraries and runtime environments. This rule supports these environments, as listed in Specifying Environments. A few examples are given below.

browser

Examples of correct code for this rule with browser environment:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
/*eslint-env browser*/

setTimeout(function() {
    alert("Hello");
});

node

Examples of correct code for this rule with node environment:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
/*eslint-env node*/

var fs = require("fs");
module.exports = function() {
    console.log(fs);
};

When Not To Use It

If explicit declaration of global variables is not to your taste.

Compatibility

This rule provides compatibility with treatment of global variables in JSHint and JSLint. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

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Requires or disallows a whitespace (space or tab) beginning a comment (spaced-comment)

Some style guides require or disallow a whitespace immediately after the initial // or /* of a comment. Whitespace after the // or /* makes it easier to read text in comments. On the other hand, commenting out code is easier without having to put a whitespace right after the // or /*.

Rule Details

This rule will enforce consistency of spacing after the start of a comment // or /*. It also provides several exceptions for various documentation styles.

Options

The rule takes two options.

• The first is a string which be either "always" or "never". The default is "always".

  • If "always" then the // or /* must be followed by at least one whitespace.
  • If "never" then there should be no whitespace following.

• This rule can also take a 2nd option, an object with any of the following keys: "exceptions" and "markers".

  • The "exceptions" value is an array of string patterns which are considered exceptions to the rule. Please note that exceptions are ignored if the first argument is "never".

  "spaced-comment": ["error", "always", { "exceptions": ["-", "+"] }]

  • The "markers" value is an array of string patterns which are considered markers for docblock-style comments, such as an additional /, used to denote documentation read by doxygen, vsdoc, etc. which must have additional characters. The "markers" array will apply regardless of the value of the first argument, e.g. "always" or "never".

  "spaced-comment": ["error", "always", { "markers": ["/"] }]

The difference between a marker and an exception is that a marker only appears at the beginning of the comment whereas exceptions can occur anywhere in the comment string.

You can also define separate exceptions and markers for block and line comments. The "block" object can have an additional key "balanced", a boolean that specifies if inline block comments should have balanced spacing. The default value is false.

• If "balanced": true and "always" then the /* must be followed by at least one whitespace, and the */ must be preceded by at least one whitespace.

• If "balanced": true and "never" then there should be no whitespace following /* or preceding */.

• If "balanced": false then balanced whitespace is not enforced.

"spaced-comment": ["error", "always", {
    "line": {
        "markers": ["/"],
        "exceptions": ["-", "+"]
    },
    "block": {
        "markers": ["!"],
        "exceptions": ["*"],
        "balanced": true
    }
}]

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always" option:

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always"]*/

//This is a comment with no whitespace at the beginning

/*This is a comment with no whitespace at the beginning */

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "block": { "balanced": true } }] */
/* This is a comment with whitespace at the beginning but not the end*/

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always" option:

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always"] */

// This is a comment with a whitespace at the beginning

/* This is a comment with a whitespace at the beginning */

/*
 * This is a comment with a whitespace at the beginning
 */

/*
This comment has a newline
*/

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always"] */

/**
* I am jsdoc
*/

never

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "never"]*/

// This is a comment with a whitespace at the beginning

/* This is a comment with a whitespace at the beginning */

/* \nThis is a comment with a whitespace at the beginning */

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "never", { "block": { "balanced": true } }]*/
/*This is a comment with whitespace at the end */

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "never"]*/

/*This is a comment with no whitespace at the beginning */

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "never"]*/

/**
* I am jsdoc
*/

exceptions

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always" option combined with "exceptions":

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "block": { "exceptions": ["-"] } }] */

//--------------
// Comment block
//--------------

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "exceptions": ["-", "+"] }] */

//------++++++++
// Comment block
//------++++++++

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "exceptions": ["-", "+"] }] */

/*------++++++++*/
/* Comment block */
/*------++++++++*/

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "line": { "exceptions": ["-+"] } }] */

/*-+-+-+-+-+-+-+*/
// Comment block
/*-+-+-+-+-+-+-+*/

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always" option combined with "exceptions":

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "exceptions": ["-"] }] */

//--------------
// Comment block
//--------------

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "line": { "exceptions": ["-"] } }] */

//--------------
// Comment block
//--------------

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "exceptions": ["*"] }] */

/****************
 * Comment block
 ****************/

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "exceptions": ["-+"] }] */

//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// Comment block
//-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

/*-+-+-+-+-+-+-+*/
// Comment block
/*-+-+-+-+-+-+-+*/

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "block": { "exceptions": ["-+"] } }] */

/*-+-+-+-+-+-+-+*/
// Comment block
/*-+-+-+-+-+-+-+*/

markers

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always" option combined with "markers":

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "markers": ["/"] }] */

///This is a comment with a marker but without whitespace

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "block": { "markers": ["!"], "balanced": true } }]*/
/*! This is a comment with a marker but without whitespace at the end*/

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "never", { "block": { "markers": ["!"], "balanced": true } }]*/
/*!This is a comment with a marker but with whitespace at the end */

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always" option combined with "markers":

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "markers": ["/"] }] */

/// This is a comment with a marker

/*eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "never", { "markers": ["!<"] }]*/

//!<this is a line comment with marker block subsequent lines are ignored></this>

/* eslint spaced-comment: ["error", "always", { "markers": ["global"] }] */

/*global ABC*/

Related Rules

• [spaced-line-comment](spaced-line-comment.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

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require or disallow newline at the end of files (eol-last)

Trailing newlines in non-empty files are a common UNIX idiom. Benefits of trailing newlines include the ability to concatenate or append to files as well as output files to the terminal without interfering with shell prompts.

Rule Details

This rule enforces at least one newline (or absence thereof) at the end of non-empty files.

Prior to v0.16.0 this rule also enforced that there was only a single line at the end of the file. If you still want this behaviour, consider enabling [no-multiple-empty-lines](no-multiple-empty-lines.md) with maxEOF and/or [no-trailing-spaces](no-trailing-spaces.md).

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint eol-last: ["error", "always"]*/

function doSmth() {
  var foo = 2;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint eol-last: ["error", "always"]*/

function doSmth() {
  var foo = 2;
}\n

Options

This rule has a string option:

• "always" (default) enforces that files end with a newline (LF)
• "never" enforces that files do not end with a newline
• "unix" (deprecated) is identical to "always"
• "windows" (deprecated) is identical to "always", but will use a CRLF character when autofixing

Deprecated: The options "unix" and "windows" are deprecated. If you need to enforce a specific linebreak style, use this rule in conjunction with linebreak-style. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/