CaffGeek/MBACNationals

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Web.Admin/2014/wordpress/wp-includes/formatting.php

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<?php
/**
 * Main WordPress Formatting API.
 *
 * Handles many functions for formatting output.
 *
 * @package WordPress
 **/

/**
 * Replaces common plain text characters into formatted entities
 *
 * As an example,
 * <code>
 * 'cause today's effort makes it worth tomorrow's "holiday"...
 * </code>
 * Becomes:
 * <code>
 * &#8217;cause today&#8217;s effort makes it worth tomorrow&#8217;s &#8220;holiday&#8221;&#8230;
 * </code>
 * Code within certain html blocks are skipped.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 * @uses $wp_cockneyreplace Array of formatted entities for certain common phrases
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be formatted
 * @return string The string replaced with html entities
 */
function wptexturize($text) {
    global $wp_cockneyreplace;
    static $static_setup = false, $opening_quote, $closing_quote, $default_no_texturize_tags, $default_no_texturize_shortcodes, $static_characters, $static_replacements, $dynamic_characters, $dynamic_replacements;
    $output = '';
    $curl = '';
    $textarr = preg_split('/(<.*>|\[.*\])/Us', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
    $stop = count($textarr);
    
    // No need to setup these variables more than once
    if (!$static_setup) {
        /* translators: opening curly quote */
        $opening_quote = _x('&#8220;', 'opening curly quote');
        /* translators: closing curly quote */
        $closing_quote = _x('&#8221;', 'closing curly quote');

        $default_no_texturize_tags = array('pre', 'code', 'kbd', 'style', 'script', 'tt');
        $default_no_texturize_shortcodes = array('code');

        // if a plugin has provided an autocorrect array, use it
        if ( isset($wp_cockneyreplace) ) {
            $cockney = array_keys($wp_cockneyreplace);
            $cockneyreplace = array_values($wp_cockneyreplace);
        } else {
            $cockney = array("'tain't","'twere","'twas","'tis","'twill","'til","'bout","'nuff","'round","'cause");
            $cockneyreplace = array("&#8217;tain&#8217;t","&#8217;twere","&#8217;twas","&#8217;tis","&#8217;twill","&#8217;til","&#8217;bout","&#8217;nuff","&#8217;round","&#8217;cause");
        }

        $static_characters = array_merge(array('---', ' -- ', '--', ' - ', 'xn&#8211;', '...', '``', '\'s', '\'\'', ' (tm)'), $cockney);
        $static_replacements = array_merge(array('&#8212;', ' &#8212; ', '&#8211;', ' &#8211; ', 'xn--', '&#8230;', $opening_quote, '&#8217;s', $closing_quote, ' &#8482;'), $cockneyreplace);

        $dynamic_characters = array('/\'(\d\d(?:&#8217;|\')?s)/', '/(\s|\A|[([{<]|")\'/', '/(\d+)"/', '/(\d+)\'/', '/(\S)\'([^\'\s])/', '/(\s|\A|[([{<])"(?!\s)/', '/"(\s|\S|\Z)/', '/\'([\s.]|\Z)/', '/(\d+)x(\d+)/');
        $dynamic_replacements = array('&#8217;$1','$1&#8216;', '$1&#8243;', '$1&#8242;', '$1&#8217;$2', '$1' . $opening_quote . '$2', $closing_quote . '$1', '&#8217;$1', '$1&#215;$2');

        $static_setup = true;
    }

    // Transform into regexp sub-expression used in _wptexturize_pushpop_element
    // Must do this everytime in case plugins use these filters in a context sensitive manner
    $no_texturize_tags = '(' . implode('|', apply_filters('no_texturize_tags', $default_no_texturize_tags) ) . ')';
    $no_texturize_shortcodes = '(' . implode('|', apply_filters('no_texturize_shortcodes', $default_no_texturize_shortcodes) ) . ')';

    $no_texturize_tags_stack = array();
    $no_texturize_shortcodes_stack = array();

    for ( $i = 0; $i < $stop; $i++ ) {
        $curl = $textarr[$i];

        if ( !empty($curl) && '<' != $curl{0} && '[' != $curl{0}
                && empty($no_texturize_shortcodes_stack) && empty($no_texturize_tags_stack)) { 
            // This is not a tag, nor is the texturization disabled
            // static strings
            $curl = str_replace($static_characters, $static_replacements, $curl);
            // regular expressions
            $curl = preg_replace($dynamic_characters, $dynamic_replacements, $curl);
        } elseif (!empty($curl)) {
            /*
             * Only call _wptexturize_pushpop_element if first char is correct
             * tag opening
             */
            if ('<' == $curl{0})
                _wptexturize_pushpop_element($curl, $no_texturize_tags_stack, $no_texturize_tags, '<', '>');
            elseif ('[' == $curl{0})
                _wptexturize_pushpop_element($curl, $no_texturize_shortcodes_stack, $no_texturize_shortcodes, '[', ']');
        }

        $curl = preg_replace('/&([^#])(?![a-zA-Z1-4]{1,8};)/', '&#038;$1', $curl);
        $output .= $curl;
    }

    return $output;
}

/**
 * Search for disabled element tags. Push element to stack on tag open and pop
 * on tag close. Assumes first character of $text is tag opening.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @param string $text Text to check. First character is assumed to be $opening
 * @param array $stack Array used as stack of opened tag elements
 * @param string $disabled_elements Tags to match against formatted as regexp sub-expression
 * @param string $opening Tag opening character, assumed to be 1 character long
 * @param string $opening Tag closing  character
 * @return object
 */
function _wptexturize_pushpop_element($text, &$stack, $disabled_elements, $opening = '<', $closing = '>') {
    // Check if it is a closing tag -- otherwise assume opening tag
    if (strncmp($opening . '/', $text, 2)) {
        // Opening? Check $text+1 against disabled elements
        if (preg_match('/^' . $disabled_elements . '\b/', substr($text, 1), $matches)) {
            /*
             * This disables texturize until we find a closing tag of our type
             * (e.g. <pre>) even if there was invalid nesting before that
             * 
             * Example: in the case <pre>sadsadasd</code>"baba"</pre>
             *          "baba" won't be texturize
             */

            array_push($stack, $matches[1]);
        }
    } else {
        // Closing? Check $text+2 against disabled elements
        $c = preg_quote($closing, '/');
        if (preg_match('/^' . $disabled_elements . $c . '/', substr($text, 2), $matches)) {
            $last = array_pop($stack);

            // Make sure it matches the opening tag
            if ($last != $matches[1])
                array_push($stack, $last);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Accepts matches array from preg_replace_callback in wpautop() or a string.
 *
 * Ensures that the contents of a <<pre>>...<</pre>> HTML block are not
 * converted into paragraphs or line-breaks.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param array|string $matches The array or string
 * @return string The pre block without paragraph/line-break conversion.
 */
function clean_pre($matches) {
    if ( is_array($matches) )
        $text = $matches[1] . $matches[2] . "</pre>";
    else
        $text = $matches;

    $text = str_replace('<br />', '', $text);
    $text = str_replace('<p>', "\n", $text);
    $text = str_replace('</p>', '', $text);

    return $text;
}

/**
 * Replaces double line-breaks with paragraph elements.
 *
 * A group of regex replaces used to identify text formatted with newlines and
 * replace double line-breaks with HTML paragraph tags. The remaining
 * line-breaks after conversion become <<br />> tags, unless $br is set to '0'
 * or 'false'.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $pee The text which has to be formatted.
 * @param int|bool $br Optional. If set, this will convert all remaining line-breaks after paragraphing. Default true.
 * @return string Text which has been converted into correct paragraph tags.
 */
function wpautop($pee, $br = 1) {

    if ( trim($pee) === '' )
        return '';
    $pee = $pee . "\n"; // just to make things a little easier, pad the end
    $pee = preg_replace('|<br />\s*<br />|', "\n\n", $pee);
    // Space things out a little
    $allblocks = '(?:table|thead|tfoot|caption|col|colgroup|tbody|tr|td|th|div|dl|dd|dt|ul|ol|li|pre|select|form|map|area|blockquote|address|math|style|input|p|h[1-6]|hr|fieldset|legend)';
    $pee = preg_replace('!(<' . $allblocks . '[^>]*>)!', "\n$1", $pee);
    $pee = preg_replace('!(</' . $allblocks . '>)!', "$1\n\n", $pee);
    $pee = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r"), "\n", $pee); // cross-platform newlines
    if ( strpos($pee, '<object') !== false ) {
        $pee = preg_replace('|\s*<param([^>]*)>\s*|', "<param$1>", $pee); // no pee inside object/embed
        $pee = preg_replace('|\s*</embed>\s*|', '</embed>', $pee);
    }
    $pee = preg_replace("/\n\n+/", "\n\n", $pee); // take care of duplicates
    // make paragraphs, including one at the end
    $pees = preg_split('/\n\s*\n/', $pee, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
    $pee = '';
    foreach ( $pees as $tinkle )
        $pee .= '<p>' . trim($tinkle, "\n") . "</p>\n";
    $pee = preg_replace('|<p>\s*</p>|', '', $pee); // under certain strange conditions it could create a P of entirely whitespace
    $pee = preg_replace('!<p>([^<]+)</(div|address|form)>!', "<p>$1</p></$2>", $pee);
    $pee = preg_replace('!<p>\s*(</?' . $allblocks . '[^>]*>)\s*</p>!', "$1", $pee); // don't pee all over a tag
    $pee = preg_replace("|<p>(<li.+?)</p>|", "$1", $pee); // problem with nested lists
    $pee = preg_replace('|<p><blockquote([^>]*)>|i', "<blockquote$1><p>", $pee);
    $pee = str_replace('</blockquote></p>', '</p></blockquote>', $pee);
    $pee = preg_replace('!<p>\s*(</?' . $allblocks . '[^>]*>)!', "$1", $pee);
    $pee = preg_replace('!(</?' . $allblocks . '[^>]*>)\s*</p>!', "$1", $pee);
    if ($br) {
        $pee = preg_replace_callback('/<(script|style).*?<\/\\1>/s', create_function('$matches', 'return str_replace("\n", "<WPPreserveNewline />", $matches[0]);'), $pee);
        $pee = preg_replace('|(?<!<br />)\s*\n|', "<br />\n", $pee); // optionally make line breaks
        $pee = str_replace('<WPPreserveNewline />', "\n", $pee);
    }
    $pee = preg_replace('!(</?' . $allblocks . '[^>]*>)\s*<br />!', "$1", $pee);
    $pee = preg_replace('!<br />(\s*</?(?:p|li|div|dl|dd|dt|th|pre|td|ul|ol)[^>]*>)!', '$1', $pee);
    if (strpos($pee, '<pre') !== false)
        $pee = preg_replace_callback('!(<pre[^>]*>)(.*?)</pre>!is', 'clean_pre', $pee );
    $pee = preg_replace( "|\n</p>$|", '</p>', $pee );

    return $pee;
}

/**
 * Don't auto-p wrap shortcodes that stand alone
 *
 * Ensures that shortcodes are not wrapped in <<p>>...<</p>>.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @param string $pee The content.
 * @return string The filtered content.
 */
function shortcode_unautop($pee) {
    global $shortcode_tags;

    if ( !empty($shortcode_tags) && is_array($shortcode_tags) ) {
        $tagnames = array_keys($shortcode_tags);
        $tagregexp = join( '|', array_map('preg_quote', $tagnames) );
        $pee = preg_replace('/<p>\\s*?(\\[(' . $tagregexp . ')\\b.*?\\/?\\](?:.+?\\[\\/\\2\\])?)\\s*<\\/p>/s', '$1', $pee);
    }

    return $pee;
}

/**
 * Checks to see if a string is utf8 encoded.
 *
 * NOTE: This function checks for 5-Byte sequences, UTF8
 *       has Bytes Sequences with a maximum length of 4.
 *
 * @author bmorel at ssi dot fr (modified)
 * @since 1.2.1
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be checked
 * @return bool True if $str fits a UTF-8 model, false otherwise.
 */
function seems_utf8($str) {
    $length = strlen($str);
    for ($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
        $c = ord($str[$i]);
        if ($c < 0x80) $n = 0; # 0bbbbbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) $n=1; # 110bbbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) $n=2; # 1110bbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) $n=3; # 11110bbb
        elseif (($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8) $n=4; # 111110bb
        elseif (($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC) $n=5; # 1111110b
        else return false; # Does not match any model
        for ($j=0; $j<$n; $j++) { # n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
            if ((++$i == $length) || ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80))
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of special characters into their HTML entities.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: &, <, >, ", and '.
 *
 * $quote_style can be set to ENT_COMPAT to encode " to
 * &quot;, or ENT_QUOTES to do both. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are encoded.
 *
 * @since 1.2.2
 *
 * @param string $string The text which is to be encoded.
 * @param mixed $quote_style Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT, both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES. Also compatible with old values; converting single quotes if set to 'single', double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @param string $charset Optional. The character encoding of the string. Default is false.
 * @param boolean $double_encode Optional. Whether or not to encode existing html entities. Default is false.
 * @return string The encoded text with HTML entities.
 */
function _wp_specialchars( $string, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES, $charset = false, $double_encode = false ) {
    $string = (string) $string;

    if ( 0 === strlen( $string ) ) {
        return '';
    }

    // Don't bother if there are no specialchars - saves some processing
    if ( !preg_match( '/[&<>"\']/', $string ) ) {
        return $string;
    }

    // Account for the previous behaviour of the function when the $quote_style is not an accepted value
    if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
        $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
    } elseif ( !in_array( $quote_style, array( 0, 2, 3, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
        $quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
    }

    // Store the site charset as a static to avoid multiple calls to wp_load_alloptions()
    if ( !$charset ) {
        static $_charset;
        if ( !isset( $_charset ) ) {
            $alloptions = wp_load_alloptions();
            $_charset = isset( $alloptions['blog_charset'] ) ? $alloptions['blog_charset'] : '';
        }
        $charset = $_charset;
    }
    if ( in_array( $charset, array( 'utf8', 'utf-8', 'UTF8' ) ) ) {
        $charset = 'UTF-8';
    }

    $_quote_style = $quote_style;

    if ( $quote_style === 'double' ) {
        $quote_style = ENT_COMPAT;
        $_quote_style = ENT_COMPAT;
    } elseif ( $quote_style === 'single' ) {
        $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
    }

    // Handle double encoding ourselves
    if ( !$double_encode ) {
        $string = wp_specialchars_decode( $string, $_quote_style );
        $string = preg_replace( '/&(#?x?[0-9a-z]+);/i', '|wp_entity|$1|/wp_entity|', $string );
    }

    $string = @htmlspecialchars( $string, $quote_style, $charset );

    // Handle double encoding ourselves
    if ( !$double_encode ) {
        $string = str_replace( array( '|wp_entity|', '|/wp_entity|' ), array( '&', ';' ), $string );
    }

    // Backwards compatibility
    if ( 'single' === $_quote_style ) {
        $string = str_replace( "'", '&#039;', $string );
    }

    return $string;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of HTML entities into their special characters.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: &, <, >, ", and '.
 *
 * $quote_style can be set to ENT_COMPAT to decode " entities,
 * or ENT_QUOTES to do both " and '. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are decoded.
 *
 * @since 2.8
 *
 * @param string $string The text which is to be decoded.
 * @param mixed $quote_style Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT, both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES. Also compatible with old _wp_specialchars() values; converting single quotes if set to 'single', double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @return string The decoded text without HTML entities.
 */
function wp_specialchars_decode( $string, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES ) {
    $string = (string) $string;

    if ( 0 === strlen( $string ) ) {
        return '';
    }

    // Don't bother if there are no entities - saves a lot of processing
    if ( strpos( $string, '&' ) === false ) {
        return $string;
    }

    // Match the previous behaviour of _wp_specialchars() when the $quote_style is not an accepted value
    if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
        $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
    } elseif ( !in_array( $quote_style, array( 0, 2, 3, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
        $quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
    }

    // More complete than get_html_translation_table( HTML_SPECIALCHARS )
    $single = array( '&#039;'  => '\'', '&#x27;' => '\'' );
    $single_preg = array( '/&#0*39;/'  => '&#039;', '/&#x0*27;/i' => '&#x27;' );
    $double = array( '&quot;' => '"', '&#034;'  => '"', '&#x22;' => '"' );
    $double_preg = array( '/&#0*34;/'  => '&#034;', '/&#x0*22;/i' => '&#x22;' );
    $others = array( '&lt;'   => '<', '&#060;'  => '<', '&gt;'   => '>', '&#062;'  => '>', '&amp;'  => '&', '&#038;'  => '&', '&#x26;' => '&' );
    $others_preg = array( '/&#0*60;/'  => '&#060;', '/&#0*62;/'  => '&#062;', '/&#0*38;/'  => '&#038;', '/&#x0*26;/i' => '&#x26;' );

    if ( $quote_style === ENT_QUOTES ) {
        $translation = array_merge( $single, $double, $others );
        $translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $double_preg, $others_preg );
    } elseif ( $quote_style === ENT_COMPAT || $quote_style === 'double' ) {
        $translation = array_merge( $double, $others );
        $translation_preg = array_merge( $double_preg, $others_preg );
    } elseif ( $quote_style === 'single' ) {
        $translation = array_merge( $single, $others );
        $translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $others_preg );
    } elseif ( $quote_style === ENT_NOQUOTES ) {
        $translation = $others;
        $translation_preg = $others_preg;
    }

    // Remove zero padding on numeric entities
    $string = preg_replace( array_keys( $translation_preg ), array_values( $translation_preg ), $string );

    // Replace characters according to translation table
    return strtr( $string, $translation );
}

/**
 * Checks for invalid UTF8 in a string.
 *
 * @since 2.8
 *
 * @param string $string The text which is to be checked.
 * @param boolean $strip Optional. Whether to attempt to strip out invalid UTF8. Default is false.
 * @return string The checked text.
 */
function wp_check_invalid_utf8( $string, $strip = false ) {
    $string = (string) $string;

    if ( 0 === strlen( $string ) ) {
        return '';
    }

    // Store the site charset as a static to avoid multiple calls to get_option()
    static $is_utf8;
    if ( !isset( $is_utf8 ) ) {
        $is_utf8 = in_array( get_option( 'blog_charset' ), array( 'utf8', 'utf-8', 'UTF8', 'UTF-8' ) );
    }
    if ( !$is_utf8 ) {
        return $string;
    }

    // Check for support for utf8 in the installed PCRE library once and store the result in a static
    static $utf8_pcre;
    if ( !isset( $utf8_pcre ) ) {
        $utf8_pcre = @preg_match( '/^./u', 'a' );
    }
    // We can't demand utf8 in the PCRE installation, so just return the string in those cases
    if ( !$utf8_pcre ) {
        return $string;
    }

    // preg_match fails when it encounters invalid UTF8 in $string
    if ( 1 === @preg_match( '/^./us', $string ) ) {
        return $string;
    }

    // Attempt to strip the bad chars if requested (not recommended)
    if ( $strip && function_exists( 'iconv' ) ) {
        return iconv( 'utf-8', 'utf-8', $string );
    }

    return '';
}

/**
 * Encode the Unicode values to be used in the URI.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $utf8_string
 * @param int $length Max length of the string
 * @return string String with Unicode encoded for URI.
 */
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0 ) {
    $unicode = '';
    $values = array();
    $num_octets = 1;
    $unicode_length = 0;

    $string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
    for ($i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

        $value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

        if ( $value < 128 ) {
            if ( $length && ( $unicode_length >= $length ) )
                break;
            $unicode .= chr($value);
            $unicode_length++;
        } else {
            if ( count( $values ) == 0 ) $num_octets = ( $value < 224 ) ? 2 : 3;

            $values[] = $value;

            if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ($num_octets * 3) ) > $length )
                break;
            if ( count( $values ) == $num_octets ) {
                if ($num_octets == 3) {
                    $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]) . '%' . dechex($values[2]);
                    $unicode_length += 9;
                } else {
                    $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]);
                    $unicode_length += 6;
                }

                $values = array();
                $num_octets = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    return $unicode;
}

/**
 * Converts all accent characters to ASCII characters.
 *
 * If there are no accent characters, then the string given is just returned.
 *
 * @since 1.2.1
 *
 * @param string $string Text that might have accent characters
 * @return string Filtered string with replaced "nice" characters.
 */
function remove_accents($string) {
    if ( !preg_match('/[\x80-\xff]/', $string) )
        return $string;

    if (seems_utf8($string)) {
        $chars = array(
        // Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement
        chr(195).chr(128) => 'A', chr(195).chr(129) => 'A',
        chr(195).chr(130) => 'A', chr(195).chr(131) => 'A',
        chr(195).chr(132) => 'A', chr(195).chr(133) => 'A',
        chr(195).chr(135) => 'C', chr(195).chr(136) => 'E',
        chr(195).chr(137) => 'E', chr(195).chr(138) => 'E',
        chr(195).chr(139) => 'E', chr(195).chr(140) => 'I',
        chr(195).chr(141) => 'I', chr(195).chr(142) => 'I',
        chr(195).chr(143) => 'I', chr(195).chr(145) => 'N',
        chr(195).chr(146) => 'O', chr(195).chr(147) => 'O',
        chr(195).chr(148) => 'O', chr(195).chr(149) => 'O',
        chr(195).chr(150) => 'O', chr(195).chr(153) => 'U',
        chr(195).chr(154) => 'U', chr(195).chr(155) => 'U',
        chr(195).chr(156) => 'U', chr(195).chr(157) => 'Y',
        chr(195).chr(159) => 's', chr(195).chr(160) => 'a',
        chr(195).chr(161) => 'a', chr(195).chr(162) => 'a',
        chr(195).chr(163) => 'a', chr(195).chr(164) => 'a',
        chr(195).chr(165) => 'a', chr(195).chr(167) => 'c',
        chr(195).chr(168) => 'e', chr(195).chr(169) => 'e',
        chr(195).chr(170) => 'e', chr(195).chr(171) => 'e',
        chr(195).chr(172) => 'i', chr(195).chr(173) => 'i',
        chr(195).chr(174) => 'i', chr(195).chr(175) => 'i',
        chr(195).chr(177) => 'n', chr(195).chr(178) => 'o',
        chr(195).chr(179) => 'o', chr(195).chr(180) => 'o',
        chr(195).chr(181) => 'o', chr(195).chr(182) => 'o',
        chr(195).chr(182) => 'o', chr(195).chr(185) => 'u',
        chr(195).chr(186) => 'u', chr(195).chr(187) => 'u',
        chr(195).chr(188) => 'u', chr(195).chr(189) => 'y',
        chr(195).chr(191) => 'y',
        // Decompositions for Latin Extended-A
        chr(196).chr(128) => 'A', chr(196).chr(129) => 'a',
        chr(196).chr(130) => 'A', chr(196).chr(131) => 'a',
        chr(196).chr(132) => 'A', chr(196).chr(133) => 'a',
        chr(196).chr(134) => 'C', chr(196).chr(135) => 'c',
        chr(196).chr(136) => 'C', chr(196).chr(137) => 'c',
        chr(196).chr(138) => 'C', chr(196).chr(139) => 'c',
        chr(196).chr(140) => 'C', chr(196).chr(141) => 'c',
        chr(196).chr(142) => 'D', chr(196).chr(143) => 'd',
        chr(196).chr(144) => 'D', chr(196).chr(145) => 'd',
        chr(196).chr(146) => 'E', chr(196).chr(147) => 'e',
        chr(196).chr(148) => 'E', chr(196).chr(149) => 'e',
        chr(196).chr(150) => 'E', chr(196).chr(151) => 'e',
        chr(196).chr(152) => 'E', chr(196).chr(153) => 'e',
        chr(196).chr(154) => 'E', chr(196).chr(155) => 'e',
        chr(196).chr(156) => 'G', chr(196).chr(157) => 'g',
        chr(196).chr(158) => 'G', chr(196).chr(159) => 'g',
        chr(196).chr(160) => 'G', chr(196).chr(161) => 'g',
        chr(196).chr(162) => 'G', chr(196).chr(163) => 'g',
        chr(196).chr(164) => 'H', chr(196).chr(165) => 'h',
        chr(196).chr(166) => 'H', chr(196).chr(167) => 'h',
        chr(196).chr(168) => 'I', chr(196).chr(169) => 'i',
        chr(196).chr(170) => 'I', chr(196).chr(171) => 'i',
        chr(196).chr(172) => 'I', chr(196).chr(173) => 'i',
        chr(196).chr(174) => 'I', chr(196).chr(175) => 'i',
        chr(196).chr(176) => 'I', chr(196).chr(177) => 'i',
        chr(196).chr(178) => 'IJ',chr(196).chr(179) => 'ij',
        chr(196).chr(180) => 'J', chr(196).chr(181) => 'j',
        chr(196).chr(182) => 'K', chr(196).chr(183) => 'k',
        chr(196).chr(184) => 'k', chr(196).chr(185) => 'L',
        chr(196).chr(186) => 'l', chr(196).chr(187) => 'L',
        chr(196).chr(188) => 'l', chr(196).chr(189) => 'L',
        chr(196).chr(190) => 'l', chr(196).chr(191) => 'L',
        chr(197).chr(128) => 'l', chr(197).chr(129) => 'L',
        chr(197).chr(130) => 'l', chr(197).chr(131) => 'N',
        chr(197).chr(132) => 'n', chr(197).chr(133) => 'N',
        chr(197).chr(134) => 'n', chr(197).chr(135) => 'N',
        chr(197).chr(136) => 'n', chr(197).chr(137) => 'N',
        chr(197).chr(138) => 'n', chr(197).chr(139) => 'N',
        chr(197).chr(140) => 'O', chr(197).chr(141) => 'o',
        chr(197).chr(142) => 'O', chr(197).chr(143) => 'o',
        chr(197).chr(144) => 'O', chr(197).chr(145) => 'o',
        chr(197).chr(146) => 'OE',chr(197).chr(147) => 'oe',
        chr(197).chr(148) => 'R',chr(197).chr(149) => 'r',
        chr(197).chr(150) => 'R',chr(197).chr(151) => 'r',
        chr(197).chr(152) => 'R',chr(197).chr(153) => 'r',
        chr(197).chr(154) => 'S',chr(197).chr(155) => 's',
        chr(197).chr(156) => 'S',chr(197).chr(157) => 's',
        chr(197).chr(158) => 'S',chr(197).chr(159) => 's',
        chr(197).chr(160) => 'S', chr(197).chr(161) => 's',
        chr(197).chr(162) => 'T', chr(197).chr(163) => 't',
        chr(197).chr(164) => 'T', chr(197).chr(165) => 't',
        chr(197).chr(166) => 'T', chr(197).chr(167) => 't',
        chr(197).chr(168) => 'U', chr(197).chr(169) => 'u',
        chr(197).chr(170) => 'U', chr(197).chr(171) => 'u',
        chr(197).chr(172) => 'U', chr(197).chr(173) => 'u',
        chr(197).chr(174) => 'U', chr(197).chr(175) => 'u',
        chr(197).chr(176) => 'U', chr(197).chr(177) => 'u',
        chr(197).chr(178) => 'U', chr(197).chr(179) => 'u',
        chr(197).chr(180) => 'W', chr(197).chr(181) => 'w',
        chr(197).chr(182) => 'Y', chr(197).chr(183) => 'y',
        chr(197).chr(184) => 'Y', chr(197).chr(185) => 'Z',
        chr(197).chr(186) => 'z', chr(197).chr(187) => 'Z',
        chr(197).chr(188) => 'z', chr(197).chr(189) => 'Z',
        chr(197).chr(190) => 'z', chr(197).chr(191) => 's',
        // Euro Sign
        chr(226).chr(130).chr(172) => 'E',
        // GBP (Pound) Sign
        chr(194).chr(163) => '');

        $string = strtr($string, $chars);
    } else {
        // Assume ISO-8859-1 if not UTF-8
        $chars['in'] = chr(128).chr(131).chr(138).chr(142).chr(154).chr(158)
            .chr(159).chr(162).chr(165).chr(181).chr(192).chr(193).chr(194)
            .chr(195).chr(196).chr(197).chr(199).chr(200).chr(201).chr(202)
            .chr(203).chr(204).chr(205).chr(206).chr(207).chr(209).chr(210)
            .chr(211).chr(212).chr(213).chr(214).chr(216).chr(217).chr(218)
            .chr(219).chr(220).chr(221).chr(224).chr(225).chr(226).chr(227)
            .chr(228).chr(229).chr(231).chr(232).chr(233).chr(234).chr(235)
            .chr(236).chr(237).chr(238).chr(239).chr(241).chr(242).chr(243)
            .chr(244).chr(245).chr(246).chr(248).chr(249).chr(250).chr(251)
            .chr(252).chr(253).chr(255);

        $chars['out'] = "EfSZszYcYuAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy";

        $string = strtr($string, $chars['in'], $chars['out']);
        $double_chars['in'] = array(chr(140), chr(156), chr(198), chr(208), chr(222), chr(223), chr(230), chr(240), chr(254));
        $double_chars['out'] = array('OE', 'oe', 'AE', 'DH', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'dh', 'th');
        $string = str_replace($double_chars['in'], $double_chars['out'], $string);
    }

    return $string;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a filename replacing whitespace with dashes
 *
 * Removes special characters that are illegal in filenames on certain
 * operating systems and special characters requiring special escaping
 * to manipulate at the command line. Replaces spaces and consecutive
 * dashes with a single dash. Trim period, dash and underscore from beginning
 * and end of filename.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $filename The filename to be sanitized
 * @return string The sanitized filename
 */
function sanitize_file_name( $filename ) {
    $filename_raw = $filename;
    $special_chars = array("?", "[", "]", "/", "\\", "=", "<", ">", ":", ";", ",", "'", "\"", "&", "$", "#", "*", "(", ")", "|", "~", "`", "!", "{", "}", chr(0));
    $special_chars = apply_filters('sanitize_file_name_chars', $special_chars, $filename_raw);
    $filename = str_replace($special_chars, '', $filename);
    $filename = preg_replace('/[\s-]+/', '-', $filename);
    $filename = trim($filename, '.-_');

    // Split the filename into a base and extension[s]
    $parts = explode('.', $filename);

    // Return if only one extension
    if ( count($parts) <= 2 )
        return apply_filters('sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw);

    // Process multiple extensions
    $filename = array_shift($parts);
    $extension = array_pop($parts);
    $mimes = get_allowed_mime_types();

    // Loop over any intermediate extensions.  Munge them with a trailing underscore if they are a 2 - 5 character
    // long alpha string not in the extension whitelist.
    foreach ( (array) $parts as $part) {
        $filename .= '.' . $part;
        
        if ( preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z]{2,5}\d?$/", $part) ) {
            $allowed = false;
            foreach ( $mimes as $ext_preg => $mime_match ) {
                $ext_preg = '!(^' . $ext_preg . ')$!i';
                if ( preg_match( $ext_preg, $part ) ) {
                    $allowed = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if ( !$allowed )
                $filename .= '_';
        }
    }
    $filename .= '.' . $extension;

    return apply_filters('sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw);
}

/**
 * Sanitize username stripping out unsafe characters.
 *
 * If $strict is true, only alphanumeric characters (as well as _, space, ., -,
 * @) are returned.
 * Removes tags, octets, entities, and if strict is enabled, will remove all
 * non-ASCII characters. After sanitizing, it passes the username, raw username
 * (the username in the parameter), and the strict parameter as parameters for
 * the filter.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 * @uses apply_filters() Calls 'sanitize_user' hook on username, raw username,
 *        and $strict parameter.
 *
 * @param string $username The username to be sanitized.
 * @param bool $strict If set limits $username to specific characters. Default false.
 * @return string The sanitized username, after passing through filters.
 */
function sanitize_user( $username, $strict = false ) {
    $raw_username = $username;
    $username = wp_strip_all_tags($username);
    // Kill octets
    $username = preg_replace('|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '', $username);
    $username = preg_replace('/&.+?;/', '', $username); // Kill entities

    // If strict, reduce to ASCII for max portability.
    if ( $strict )
        $username = preg_replace('|[^a-z0-9 _.\-@]|i', '', $username);

    // Consolidate contiguous whitespace
    $username = preg_replace('|\s+|', ' ', $username);

    return apply_filters('sanitize_user', $username, $raw_username, $strict);
}

/**
 * Sanitizes title or use fallback title.
 *
 * Specifically, HTML and PHP tags are stripped. Further actions can be added
 * via the plugin API. If $title is empty and $fallback_title is set, the latter
 * will be used.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @param string $title The string to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback_title Optional. A title to use if $title is empty.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title($title, $fallback_title = '') {
    $raw_title = $title;
    $title = strip_tags($title);
    $title = apply_filters('sanitize_title', $title, $raw_title);

    if ( '' === $title || false === $title )
        $title = $fallback_title;

    return $title;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes title, replacing whitespace with dashes.
 *
 * Limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-).
 * Whitespace becomes a dash.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $title The title to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized title.
 */
function sanitize_title_with_dashes($title) {
    $title = strip_tags($title);
    // Preserve escaped octets.
    $title = preg_replace('|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '---$1---', $title);
    // Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
    $title = str_replace('%', '', $title);
    // Restore octets.
    $title = preg_replace('|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%$1', $title);

    $title = remove_accents($title);
    if (seems_utf8($title)) {
        if (function_exists('mb_strtolower')) {
            $title = mb_strtolower($title, 'UTF-8');
        }
        $title = utf8_uri_encode($title, 200);
    }

    $title = strtolower($title);
    $title = preg_replace('/&.+?;/', '', $title); // kill entities
    $title = str_replace('.', '-', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('/\s+/', '-', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('|-+|', '-', $title);
    $title = trim($title, '-');

    return $title;
}

/**
 * Ensures a string is a valid SQL order by clause.
 *
 * Accepts one or more columns, with or without ASC/DESC, and also accepts
 * RAND().
 *
 * @since 2.5.1
 *
 * @param string $orderby Order by string to be checked.
 * @return string|false Returns the order by clause if it is a match, false otherwise.
 */
function sanitize_sql_orderby( $orderby ){
    preg_match('/^\s*([a-z0-9_]+(\s+(ASC|DESC))?(\s*,\s*|\s*$))+|^\s*RAND\(\s*\)\s*$/i', $orderby, $obmatches);
    if ( !$obmatches )
        return false;
    return $orderby;
}

/**
 * Santizes a html classname to ensure it only contains valid characters
 *
 * Strips the string down to A-Z,a-z,0-9,'-' if this results in an empty
 * string then it will return the alternative value supplied.
 *
 * @todo Expand to support the full range of CDATA that a class attribute can contain.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $class The classname to be sanitized
 * @param string $fallback The value to return if the sanitization end's up as an empty string.
 * @return string The sanitized value
 */
function sanitize_html_class($class, $fallback){
    //Strip out any % encoded octets
    $sanitized = preg_replace('|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9]|', '', $class);

    //Limit to A-Z,a-z,0-9,'-'
    $sanitized = preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9-]/', '', $sanitized);

    if ('' == $sanitized)
        $sanitized = $fallback;

    return apply_filters('sanitize_html_class',$sanitized, $class, $fallback);
}

/**
 * Converts a number of characters from a string.
 *
 * Metadata tags <<title>> and <<category>> are removed, <<br>> and <<hr>> are
 * converted into correct XHTML and Unicode characters are converted to the
 * valid range.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $content String of characters to be converted.
 * @param string $deprecated Not used.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_chars($content, $deprecated = '') {
    // Translation of invalid Unicode references range to valid range
    $wp_htmltranswinuni = array(
    '&#128;' => '&#8364;', // the Euro sign
    '&#129;' => '',
    '&#130;' => '&#8218;', // these are Windows CP1252 specific characters
    '&#131;' => '&#402;',  // they would look weird on non-Windows browsers
    '&#132;' => '&#8222;',
    '&#133;' => '&#8230;',
    '&#134;' => '&#8224;',
    '&#135;' => '&#8225;',
    '&#136;' => '&#710;',
    '&#137;' => '&#8240;',
    '&#138;' => '&#352;',
    '&#139;' => '&#8249;',
    '&#140;' => '&#338;',
    '&#141;' => '',
    '&#142;' => '&#382;',
    '&#143;' => '',
    '&#144;' => '',
    '&#145;' => '&#8216;',
    '&#146;' => '&#8217;',
    '&#147;' => '&#8220;',
    '&#148;' => '&#8221;',
    '&#149;' => '&#8226;',
    '&#150;' => '&#8211;',
    '&#151;' => '&#8212;',
    '&#152;' => '&#732;',
    '&#153;' => '&#8482;',
    '&#154;' => '&#353;',
    '&#155;' => '&#8250;',
    '&#156;' => '&#339;',
    '&#157;' => '',
    '&#158;' => '',
    '&#159;' => '&#376;'
    );

    // Remove metadata tags
    $content = preg_replace('/<title>(.+?)<\/title>/','',$content);
    $content = preg_replace('/<category>(.+?)<\/category>/','',$content);

    // Converts lone & characters into &#38; (a.k.a. &amp;)
    $content = preg_replace('/&([^#])(?![a-z1-4]{1,8};)/i', '&#038;$1', $content);

    // Fix Word pasting
    $content = strtr($content, $wp_htmltranswinuni);

    // Just a little XHTML help
    $content = str_replace('<br>', '<br />', $content);
    $content = str_replace('<hr>', '<hr />', $content);

    return $content;
}

/**
 * Callback used to change %uXXXX to &#YYY; syntax
 *
 * @since 2.8?
 *
 * @param array $matches Single Match
 * @return string An HTML entity
 */
function funky_javascript_callback($matches) {
    return "&#".base_convert($matches[1],16,10).";";
}

/**
 * Fixes javascript bugs in browsers.
 *
 * Converts unicode characters to HTML numbered entities.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @uses $is_macIE
 * @uses $is_winIE
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be made safe.
 * @return string Fixed text.
 */
function funky_javascript_fix($text) {
    // Fixes for browsers' javascript bugs
    global $is_macIE, $is_winIE;

    if ( $is_winIE || $is_macIE )
        $text =  preg_replace_callback("/\%u([0-9A-F]{4,4})/",
                           "funky_javascript_callback",
                           $text);

    return $text;
}

/**
 * Will only balance the tags if forced to and the option is set to balance tags.
 *
 * The option 'use_balanceTags' is used for whether the tags will be balanced.
 * Both the $force parameter and 'use_balanceTags' option will have to be true
 * before the tags will be balanced.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be balanced
 * @param bool $force Forces balancing, ignoring the value of the option. Default false.
 * @return string Balanced text
 */
function balanceTags( $text, $force = false ) {
    if ( !$force && get_option('use_balanceTags') == 0 )
        return $text;
    return force_balance_tags( $text );
}

/**
 * Balances tags of string using a modified stack.
 *
 * @since 2.0.4
 *
 * @author Leonard Lin <leonard@acm.org>
 * @license GPL v2.0
 * @copyright November 4, 2001
 * @version 1.1
 * @todo Make better - change loop condition to $text in 1.2
 * @internal Modified by Scott Reilly (coffee2code) 02 Aug 2004
 *        1.1  Fixed handling of append/stack pop order of end text
 *             Added Cleaning Hooks
 *        1.0  First Version
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be balanced.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function force_balance_tags( $text ) {
    $tagstack = array(); $stacksize = 0; $tagqueue = ''; $newtext = '';
    $single_tags = array('br', 'hr', 'img', 'input'); //Known single-entity/self-closing tags
    $nestable_tags = array('blockquote', 'div', 'span'); //Tags that can be immediately nested within themselves

    # WP bug fix for comments - in case you REALLY meant to type '< !--'
    $text = str_replace('< !--', '<    !--', $text);
    # WP bug fix for LOVE <3 (and other situations with '<' before a number)
    $text = preg_replace('#<([0-9]{1})#', '&lt;$1', $text);

    while (preg_match("/<(\/?\w*)\s*([^>]*)>/",$text,$regex)) {
        $newtext .= $tagqueue;

        $i = strpos($text,$regex[0]);
        $l = strlen($regex[0]);

        // clear the shifter
        $tagqueue = '';
        // Pop or Push
        if ( isset($regex[1][0]) && '/' == $regex[1][0] ) { // End Tag
            $tag = strtolower(substr($regex[1],1));
            // if too many closing tags
            if($stacksize <= 0) {
                $tag = '';
                //or close to be safe $tag = '/' . $tag;
            }
            // if stacktop value = tag close value then pop
            else if ($tagstack[$stacksize - 1] == $tag) { // found closing tag
                $tag = '</' . $tag . '>'; // Close Tag
                // Pop
                array_pop ($tagstack);
                $stacksize--;
            } else { // closing tag not at top, search for it
                for ($j=$stacksize-1;$j>=0;$j--) {
                    if ($tagstack[$j] == $tag) {
                    // add tag to tagqueue
                        for ($k=$stacksize-1;$k>=$j;$k--){
                            $tagqueue .= '</' . array_pop ($tagstack) . '>';
                            $stacksize--;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
                $tag = '';
            }
        } else { // Begin Tag
            $tag = strtolower($regex[1]);

            // Tag Cleaning

            // If self-closing or '', don't do anything.
            if((substr($regex[2],-1) == '/') || ($tag == '')) {
            }
            // ElseIf it's a known single-entity tag but it doesn't close itself, do so
            elseif ( in_array($tag, $single_tags) ) {
                $regex[2] .= '/';
            } else {    // Push the tag onto the stack
                // If the top of the stack is the same as the tag we want to push, close previous tag
                if (($stacksize > 0) && !in_array($tag, $nestable_tags) && ($tagstack[$stacksize - 1] == $tag)) {
                    $tagqueue = '</' . array_pop ($tagstack) . '>';
                    $stacksize--;
                }
                $stacksize = array_push ($tagstack, $tag);
            }

            // Attributes
            $attributes = $regex[2];
            if($attributes) {
                $attributes = ' '.$attributes;
            }
            $tag = '<'.$tag.$attributes.'>';
            //If already queuing a close tag, then put this tag on, too
            if ($tagqueue) {
                $tagqueue .= $tag;
                $tag = '';
            }
        }
        $newtext .= substr($text,0,$i) . $tag;
        $text = substr($text,$i+$l);
    }

    // Clear Tag Queue
    $newtext .= $tagqueue;

    // Add Remaining text
    $newtext .= $text;

    // Empty Stack
    while($x = array_pop($tagstack)) {
        $newtext .= '</' . $x . '>'; // Add remaining tags to close
    }

    // WP fix for the bug with HTML comments
    $newtext = str_replace("< !--","<!--",$newtext);
    $newtext = str_replace("<    !--","< !--",$newtext);

    return $newtext;
}

/**
 * Acts on text which is about to be edited.
 *
 * Unless $richedit is set, it is simply a holder for the 'format_to_edit'
 * filter. If $richedit is set true htmlspecialchars() will be run on the
 * content, converting special characters to HTMl entities.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $content The text about to be edited.
 * @param bool $richedit Whether or not the $content should pass through htmlspecialchars(). Default false.
 * @return string The text after the filter (and possibly htmlspecialchars()) has been run.
 */
function format_to_edit($content, $richedit = false) {
    $content = apply_filters('format_to_edit', $content);
    if (! $richedit )
        $content = htmlspecialchars($content);
    return $content;
}

/**
 * Holder for the 'format_to_post' filter.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $content The text to pass through the filter.
 * @return string Text returned from the 'format_to_post' filter.
 */
function format_to_post($content) {
    $content = apply_filters('format_to_post', $content);
    return $content;
}

/**
 * Add leading zeros when necessary.
 *
 * If you set the threshold to '4' and the number is '10', then you will get
 * back '0010'. If you set the number to '4' and the number is '5000', then you
 * will get back '5000'.
 *
 * Uses sprintf to append the amount of zeros based on the $threshold parameter
 * and the size of the number. If the number is large enough, then no zeros will
 * be appended.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param mixed $number Number to append zeros to if not greater than threshold.
 * @param int $threshold Digit places number needs to be to not have zeros added.
 * @return string Adds leading zeros to number if needed.
 */
function zeroise($number, $threshold) {
    return sprintf('%0'.$threshold.'s', $number);
}

/**
 * Adds backslashes before letters and before a number at the start of a string.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $string Value to which backslashes will be added.
 * @return string String with backslashes inserted.
 */
function backslashit($string) {
    $string = preg_replace('/^([0-9])/', '\\\\\\\\\1', $string);
    $string = preg_replace('/([a-z])/i', '\\\\\1', $string);
    return $string;
}

/**
 * Appends a trailing slash.
 *
 * Will remove trailing slash if it exists already before adding a trailing
 * slash. This prevents double slashing a string or path.
 *
 * The primary use of this is for paths and thus should be used for paths. It is
 * not restricted to paths and offers no specific path support.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 * @uses untrailingslashit() Unslashes string if it was slashed already.
 *
 * @param string $string What to add the trailing slash to.
 * @return string String with trailing slash added.
 */
function trailingslashit($string) {
    return untrailingslashit($string) . '/';
}

/**
 * Removes trailing slash if it exists.
 *
 * The primary use of this is for paths and thus should be used for paths. It is
 * not restricted to paths and offers no specific path support.
 *
 * @since 2.2.0
 *
 * @param string $string What to remove the trailing slash from.
 * @return string String without the trailing slash.
 */
function untrailingslashit($string) {
    return rtrim($string, '/');
}

/**
 * Adds slashes to escape strings.
 *
 * Slashes will first be removed if magic_quotes_gpc is set, see {@link
 * http://www.php.net/magic_quotes} for more details.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $gpc The string returned from HTTP request data.
 * @return string Returns a string escaped with slashes.
 */
function addslashes_gpc($gpc) {
    global $wpdb;

    if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
        $gpc = stripslashes($gpc);
    }

    return esc_sql($gpc);
}

/**
 * Navigates through an array and removes slashes from the values.
 *
 * If an array is passed, the array_map() function causes a callback to pass the
 * value back to the function. The slashes from this value will removed.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param array|string $value The array or string to be striped.
 * @return array|string Stripped array (or string in the callback).
 */
function stripslashes_deep($value) {
    $value = is_array($value) ? array_map('stripslashes_deep', $value) : stripslashes($value);
    return $value;
}

/**
 * Navigates through an array and encodes the values to be used in a URL.
 *
 * Uses a callback to pass the value of the array back to the function as a
 * string.
 *
 * @since 2.2.0
 *
 * @param array|string $value The array or string to be encoded.
 * @return array|string $value The encoded array (or string from the callback).
 */
function urlencode_deep($value) {
    $value = is_array($value) ? array_map('urlencode_deep', $value) : urlencode($value);
    return $value;
}

/**
 * Converts email addresses characters to HTML entities to block spam bots.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $emailaddy Email address.
 * @param int $mailto Optional. Range from 0 to 1. Used for encoding.
 * @return string Converted email address.
 */
function antispambot($emailaddy, $mailto=0) {
    $emailNOSPAMaddy = '';
    srand ((float) microtime() * 1000000);
    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($emailaddy); $i = $i + 1) {
        $j = floor(rand(0, 1+$mailto));
        if ($j==0) {
            $emailNOSPAMaddy .= '&#'.ord(substr($emailaddy,$i,1)).';';
        } elseif ($j==1) {
            $emailNOSPAMaddy .= substr($emailaddy,$i,1);
        } elseif ($j==2) {
            $emailNOSPAMaddy .= '%'.zeroise(dechex(ord(substr($emailaddy, $i, 1))), 2);
        }
    }
    $emailNOSPAMaddy = str_replace('@','&#64;',$emailNOSPAMaddy);
    return $emailNOSPAMaddy;
}

/**
 * Callback to convert URI match to HTML A element.
 *
 * This function was backported from 2.5.0 to 2.3.2. Regex callback for {@link
 * make_clickable()}.
 *
 * @since 2.3.2
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $matches Single Regex Match.
 * @return string HTML A element with URI address.
 */
function _make_url_clickable_cb($matches) {
    $url = $matches[2];

    $url = esc_url($url);
    if ( empty($url) )
        return $matches[0];

    return $matches[1] . "<a href=\"$url\" rel=\"nofollow\">$url</a>";
}

/**
 * Callback to convert URL match to HTML A element.
 *
 * This function was backported from 2.5.0 to 2.3.2. Regex callback for {@link
 * make_clickable()}.
 *
 * @since 2.3.2
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $matches Single Regex Match.
 * @return string HTML A element with URL address.
 */
function _make_web_ftp_clickable_cb($matches) {
    $ret = '';
    $dest = $matches[2];
    $dest = 'http://' . $dest;
    $dest = esc_url($dest);
    if ( empty($dest) )
        return $matches[0];

    // removed trailing [.,;:)] from URL
    if ( in_array( substr($dest, -1), array('.', ',', ';', ':', ')') ) === true ) {
        $ret = substr($dest, -1);
        $dest = substr($dest, 0, strlen($dest)-1);
    }
    return $matches[1] . "<a href=\"$dest\" rel=\"nofollow\">$dest</a>$ret";
}

/**
 * Callback to convert email address match to HTML A element.
 *
 * This function was backported from 2.5.0 to 2.3.2. Regex callback for {@link
 * make_clickable()}.
 *
 * @since 2.3.2
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $matches Single Regex Match.
 * @return string HTML A element with email address.
 */
function _make_email_clickable_cb($matches) {
    $email = $matches[2] . '@' . $matches[3];
    return $matches[1] . "<a href=\"mailto:$email\">$email</a>";
}

/**
 * Convert plaintext URI to HTML links.
 *
 * Converts URI, www and ftp, and email addresses. Finishes by fixing links
 * within links.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $ret Content to convert URIs.
 * @return string Content with converted URIs.
 */
function make_clickable($ret) {
    $ret = ' ' . $ret;
    // in testing, using arrays here was found to be faster
    $ret = preg_replace_callback('#(?<=[\s>])(\()?([\w]+?://(?:[\w\\x80-\\xff\#$%&~/=?@\[\](+-]|[.,;:](?![\s<]|(\))?([\s]|$))|(?(1)\)(?![\s<.,;:]|$)|\)))+)#is', '_make_url_clickable_cb', $ret);
    $ret = preg_replace_callback('#([\s>])((www|ftp)\.[\w\\x80-\\xff\#$%&~/.\-;:=,?@\[\]+]+)#is', '_make_web_ftp_clickable_cb', $ret);
    $ret = preg_replace_callback('#([\s>])([.0-9a-z_+-]+)@(([0-9a-z-]+\.)+[0-9a-z]{2,})#i', '_make_email_clickable_cb', $ret);
    // this one is not in an array because we need it to run last, for cleanup of accidental links within links
    $ret = preg_replace("#(<a( [^>]+?>|>))<a [^>]+?>([^>]+?)</a></a>#i", "$1$3</a>", $ret);
    $ret = trim($ret);
    return $ret;
}

/**
 * Adds rel nofollow string to all HTML A elements in content.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $text Content that may contain HTML A elements.
 * @return string Converted content.
 */
function wp_rel_nofollow( $text ) {
    global $wpdb;
    // This is a pre save filter, so text is already escaped.
    $text = stripslashes($text);
    $text = preg_replace_callback('|<a (.+?)>|i', 'wp_rel_nofollow_callback', $text);
    $text = esc_sql($text);
    return $text;
}

/**
 * Callback to used to add rel=nofollow string to HTML A element.
 *
 * Will remove already existing rel="nofollow" and rel='nofollow' from the
 * string to prevent from invalidating (X)HTML.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array $matches Single Match
 * @return string HTML A Element with rel nofollow.
 */
function wp_rel_nofollow_callback( $matches ) {
    $text = $matches[1];
    $text = str_replace(array(' rel="nofollow"', " rel='nofollow'"), '', $text);
    return "<a $text rel=\"nofollow\">";
}


/**
 * Convert one smiley code to the icon graphic file equivalent.
 *
 * Looks up one smiley code in the $wpsmiliestrans global array and returns an
 * <img> string for that smiley.
 *
 * @global array $wpsmiliestrans
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $smiley Smiley code to convert to image.
 * @return string Image string for smiley.
 */
function translate_smiley($smiley) {
    global $wpsmiliestrans;

    if (count($smiley) == 0) {
        return '';
    }

    $siteurl = get_option( 'siteurl' );

    $smiley = trim(reset($smiley));
    $img = $wpsmiliestrans[$smiley];
    $smiley_masked = esc_attr($smiley);

    $srcurl = apply_filters('smilies_src', "$siteurl/wp-includes/images/smilies/$img", $img, $siteurl);

    return " <img src='$srcurl' alt='$smiley_masked' class='wp-smiley' /> ";
}


/**
 * Convert text equivalent of smilies to images.
 *
 * Will only convert smilies if the option 'use_smilies' is true and the global
 * used in the function isn't empty.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 * @uses $wp_smiliessearch
 *
 * @param string $text Content to convert smilies from text.
 * @return string Converted content with text smilies replaced with images.
 */
function convert_smilies($text) {
    global $wp_smiliessearch;
    $output = '';
    if ( get_option('use_smilies') && !empty($wp_smiliessearch) ) {
        // HTML loop taken from texturize function, could possible be consolidated
        $textarr = preg_split("/(<.*>)/U", $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE); // capture the tags as well as in between
        $stop = count($textarr);// loop stuff
        for ($i = 0; $i < $stop; $i++) {
            $content = $textarr[$i];
            if ((strlen($content) > 0) && ('<' != $content{0})) { // If it's not a tag
                $content = preg_replace_callback($wp_smiliessearch, 'translate_smiley', $content);
            }
            $output .= $content;
        }
    } else {
        // return default text.
        $output = $text;
    }
    return $output;
}

/**
 * Verifies that an email is valid.
 *
 * Does not grok i18n domains. Not RFC compliant.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $email Email address to verify.
 * @param boolean $check_dns Whether to check the DNS for the domain using checkdnsrr().
 * @return string|bool Either false or the valid email address.
 */
function is_email( $email, $check_dns = false ) {
    // Test for the minimum length the email can be
    if ( strlen( $email ) < 3 ) {
        return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'email_too_short' );
    }

    // Test for an @ character after the first position
    if ( strpos( $email, '@', 1 ) === false ) {
        return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'email_no_at' );
    }

    // Split out the local and domain parts
    list( $local, $domain ) = explode( '@', $email, 2 );

    // LOCAL PART
    // Test for invalid characters
    if ( !preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z0-9!#$%&\'*+\/=?^_`{|}~\.-]+$/', $local ) ) {
        return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'local_invalid_chars' );
    }

    // DOMAIN PART
    // Test for sequences of periods
    if ( preg_match( '/\.{2,}/', $domain ) ) {
        return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'domain_period_sequence' );
    }

    // Test for leading and trailing periods and whitespace
    if ( trim( $domain, " \t\n\r\0\x0B." ) !== $domain ) {
        return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'domain_period_limits' );
    }

    // Split the domain into subs
    $subs = explode( '.', $domain );

    // Assume the domain will have at least two subs
    if ( 2 > count( $subs ) ) {
        return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'domain_no_periods' );
    }

    // Loop through each sub
    foreach ( $subs as $sub ) {
        // Test for leading and trailing hyphens and whitespace
        if ( trim( $sub, " \t\n\r\0\x0B-" ) !== $sub ) {
            return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'sub_hyphen_limits' );
        }

        // Test for invalid characters
        if ( !preg_match('/^[a-z0-9-]+$/i', $sub ) ) {
            return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'sub_invalid_chars' );
        }
    }

    // DNS
    // Check the domain has a valid MX and A resource record
    if ( $check_dns && function_exists( 'checkdnsrr' ) && !( checkdnsrr( $domain . '.', 'MX' ) || checkdnsrr( $domain . '.', 'A' ) ) ) {
        return apply_filters( 'is_email', false, $email, 'dns_no_rr' );
    }

    // Congratulations your email made it!
    return apply_filters( 'is_email', $email, $email, null );
}

/**
 * Convert to ASCII from email subjects.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 * @usedby wp_mail() handles charsets in email subjects
 *
 * @param string $string Subject line
 * @return string Converted string to ASCII
 */
function wp_iso_descrambler($string) {
    /* this may only work with iso-8859-1, I'm afraid */
    if (!preg_match('#\=\?(.+)\?Q\?(.+)\?\=#i', $string, $matches)) {
        return $string;
    } else {
        $subject = str_replace('_', ' ', $matches[2]);
        $subject = preg_replace_callback('#\=([0-9a-f]{2})#i', create_function('$match', 'return chr(hexdec(strtolower($match[1])));'), $subject);
        return $subject;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns a date in the GMT equivalent.
 *
 * Requires and returns a date in the Y-m-d H:i:s format. Simply subtracts the
 * value of the 'gmt_offset' option. Return format can be overridden using the
 * $format parameter
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @uses get_option() to retrieve the the value of 'gmt_offset'.
 * @param string $string The date to be converted.
 * @param string $format The format string for the returned date (default is Y-m-d H:i:s)
 * @return string GMT version of the date provided.
 */
function get_gmt_from_date($string, $format = 'Y-m-d H:i:s') {
    preg_match('#([0-9]{1,4})-([0-9]{1,2})-([0-9]{1,2}) ([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2})#', $string, $matches);
    $string_time = gmmktime($matches[4], $matches[5], $matches[6], $matches[2], $matches[3], $matches[1]);
    $string_gmt = gmdate($format, $string_time - get_option('gmt_offset') * 3600);
    return $string_gmt;
}

/**
 * Converts a GMT date into the correct format for the blog.
 *
 * Requires and returns in the Y-m-d H:i:s format. Simply adds the value of
 * gmt_offset.Return format can be overridden using the $format parameter
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $string The date to be converted.
 * @param string $format The format string for the returned date (default is Y-m-d H:i:s)
 * @return string Formatted date relative to the GMT offset.
 */
function get_date_from_gmt($string, $format = 'Y-m-d H:i:s') {
    preg_match('#([0-9]{1,4})-([0-9]{1,2})-([0-9]{1,2}) ([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2}):([0-9]{1,2})#', $string, $matches);
    $string_time = gmmktime($matches[4], $matches[5], $matches[6], $matches[2], $matches[3], $matches[1]);
    $string_localtime = gmdate($format, $string_time + get_option('gmt_offset')*3600);
    return $string_localtime;
}

/**
 * Computes an offset in seconds from an iso8601 timezone.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $timezone Either 'Z' for 0 offset or '±hhmm'.
 * @return int|float The offset in seconds.
 */
function iso8601_timezone_to_offset($timezone) {
    // $timezone is either 'Z' or '[+|-]hhmm'
    if ($timezone == 'Z') {
        $offset = 0;
    } else {
        $sign    = (substr($timezone, 0, 1) == '+') ? 1 : -1;
        $hours   = intval(substr($timezone, 1, 2));
        $minutes = intval(substr($timezone, 3, 4)) / 60;
        $offset  = $sign * 3600 * ($hours + $minutes);
    }
    return $offset;
}

/**
 * Converts an iso8601 date to MySQL DateTime format used by post_date[_gmt].
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $date_string Date and time in ISO 8601 format {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601}.
 * @param string $timezone Optional. If set to GMT returns the time minus gmt_offset. Default is 'user'.
 * @return string The date and time in MySQL DateTime format - Y-m-d H:i:s.
 */
function iso8601_to_datetime($date_string, $timezone = 'user') {
    $timezone = strtolower($timezone);

    if ($timezone == 'gmt') {

        preg_match('#([0-9]{4})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})T([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})(Z|[\+|\-][0-9]{2,4}){0,1}#', $date_string, $date_bits);

        if (!empty($date_bits[7])) { // we have a timezone, so let's compute an offset
            $offset = iso8601_timezone_to_offset($date_bits[7]);
        } else { // we don't have a timezone, so we assume user local timezone (not server's!)
            $offset = 3600 * get_option('gmt_offset');
        }

        $timestamp = gmmktime($date_bits[4], $date_bits[5], $date_bits[6], $date_bits[2], $date_bits[3], $date_bits[1]);
        $timestamp -= $offset;

        return gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s', $timestamp);

    } else if ($timezone == 'user') {
        return preg_replace('#([0-9]{4})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})T([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})(Z|[\+|\-][0-9]{2,4}){0,1}#', '$1-$2-$3 $4:$5:$6', $date_string);
    }
}

/**
 * Adds a element attributes to open links in new windows.
 *
 * Comment text in popup windows should be filtered through this. Right now it's
 * a moderately dumb function, ideally it would detect whether a target or rel
 * attribute was already there and adjust its actions accordingly.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $text Content to replace links to open in a new window.
 * @return string Content that has filtered links.
 */
function popuplinks($text) {
    $text = preg_replace('/<a (.+?)>/i', "<a $1 target='_blank' rel='external'>", $text);
    return $text;
}

/**
 * Strips out all characters that are not allowable in an email.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $email Email address to filter.
 * @return string Filtered email address.
 */
function sanitize_email( $email ) {
    // Test for the minimum length the email can be
    if ( strlen( $email ) < 3 ) {
        return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'email_too_short' );
    }

    // Test for an @ character after the first position
    if ( strpos( $email, '@', 1 ) === false ) {
        return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'email_no_at' );
    }

    // Split out the local and domain parts
    list( $local, $domain ) = explode( '@', $email, 2 );

    // LOCAL PART
    // Test for invalid characters
    $local = preg_replace( '/[^a-zA-Z0-9!#$%&\'*+\/=?^_`{|}~\.-]/', '', $local );
    if ( '' === $local ) {
        return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'local_invalid_chars' );
    }

    // DOMAIN PART
    // Test for sequences of periods
    $domain = preg_replace( '/\.{2,}/', '', $domain );
    if ( '' === $domain ) {
        return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_period_sequence' );
    }

    // Test for leading and trailing periods and whitespace
    $domain = trim( $domain, " \t\n\r\0\x0B." );
    if ( '' === $domain ) {
        return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_period_limits' );
    }

    // Split the domain into subs
    $subs = explode( '.', $domain );

    // Assume the domain will have at least two subs
    if ( 2 > count( $subs ) ) {
        return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_no_periods' );
    }

    // Create an array that will contain valid subs
    $new_subs = array();

    // Loop through each sub
    foreach ( $subs as $sub ) {
        // Test for leading and trailing hyphens
        $sub = trim( $sub, " \t\n\r\0\x0B-" );

        // Test for invalid characters
        $sub = preg_replace( '/^[^a-z0-9-]+$/i', '', $sub );

        // If there's anything left, add it to the valid subs
        if ( '' !== $sub ) {
            $new_subs[] = $sub;
        }
    }

    // If there aren't 2 or more valid subs
    if ( 2 > count( $new_subs ) ) {
        return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', '', $email, 'domain_no_valid_subs' );
    }

    // Join valid subs into the new domain
    $domain = join( '.', $new_subs );

    // Put the email back together
    $email = $local . '@' . $domain;

    // Congratulations your email made it!
    return apply_filters( 'sanitize_email', $email, $email, null );
}

/**
 * Determines the difference between two timestamps.
 *
 * The difference is returned in a human readable format such as "1 hour",
 * "5 mins", "2 days".
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param int $from Unix timestamp from which the difference begins.
 * @param int $to Optional. Unix timestamp to end the time difference. Default becomes time() if not set.
 * @return string Human readable time difference.
 */
function human_time_diff( $from, $to = '' ) {
    if ( empty($to) )
        $to = time();
    $diff = (int) abs($to - $from);
    if ($diff <= 3600) {
        $mins = round($diff / 60);
        if ($mins <= 1) {
            $mins = 1;
        }
        $since = sprintf(_n('%s min', '%s mins', $mins), $mins);
    } else if (($diff <= 86400) && ($diff > 3600)) {
        $hours = round($diff / 3600);
        if ($hours <= 1) {
            $hours = 1;
        }
        $since = sprintf(_n('%s hour', '%s hours', $hours), $hours);
    } elseif ($diff >= 86400) {
        $days = round($diff / 86400);
        if ($days <= 1) {
            $days = 1;
        }
        $since = sprintf(_n('%s day', '%s days', $days), $days);
    }
    return $since;
}

/**
 * Generates an excerpt from the content, if needed.
 *
 * The excerpt word amount will be 55 words and if the amount is greater than
 * that, then the string ' [...]' will be appended to the excerpt. If the string
 * is less than 55 words, then the content will be returned as is.
 *
 * The 55 word limit can be modified by plugins/themes using the excerpt_length filter
 * The ' [...]' string can be modified by plugins/themes using the excerpt_more filter
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $text The excerpt. If set to empty an excerpt is generated.
 * @return string The excerpt.
 */
function wp_trim_excerpt($text) {
    $raw_excerpt = $text;
    if ( '' == $text ) {
        $text = get_the_content('');

        $text = strip_shortcodes( $text );

        $text = apply_filters('the_content', $text);
        $text = str_replace(']]>', ']]&gt;', $text);
        $text = strip_tags($text);
        $excerpt_length = apply_filters('excerpt_length', 55);
        $excerpt_more = apply_filters('excerpt_more', ' ' . '[...]');
        $words = explode(' ', $text, $excerpt_length + 1);
        if (count($words) > $excerpt_length) {
            array_pop($words);
            $text = implode(' ', $words);
            $text = $text . $excerpt_more;
        }
    }
    return apply_filters('wp_trim_excerpt', $text, $raw_excerpt);
}

/**
 * Converts named entities into numbered entities.
 *
 * @since 1.5.1
 *
 * @param string $text The text within which entities will be converted.
 * @return string Text with converted entities.
 */
function ent2ncr($text) {
    $to_ncr = array(
        '&quot;' => '&#34;',
        '&amp;' => '&#38;',
        '&frasl;' => '&#47;',
        '&lt;' => '&#60;',
        '&gt;' => '&#62;',
        '|' => '&#124;',
        '&nbsp;' => '&#160;',
        '&iexcl;' => '&#161;',
        '&cent;' => '&#162;',
        '&pound;' => '&#163;',
        '&curren;' => '&#164;',
        '&yen;' => '&#165;',
        '&brvbar;' => '&#166;',
        '&brkbar;' => '&#166;',
        '&sect;' => '&#167;',
        '&uml;' => '&#168;',
        '&die;' => '&#168;',
        '&copy;' => '&#169;',
        '&ordf;' => '&#170;',
        '&laquo;' => '&#171;',
        '&not;' => '&#172;',
        '&shy;' => '&#173;',
        '&reg;' => '&#174;',
        '&macr;' => '&#175;',
        '&hibar;' => '&#175;',
        '&deg;' => '&#176;',
        '&plusmn;' => '&#177;',
        '&sup2;' => '&#178;',
        '&sup3;' => '&#179;',
        '&acute;' => '&#180;',
        '&micro;' => '&#181;',
        '&para;' => '&#182;',
        '&middot;' => '&#183;',
        '&cedil;' => '&#184;',
        '&sup1;' => '&#185;',
        '&ordm;' => '&#186;',
        '&raquo;' => '&#187;',
        '&frac14;' => '&#188;',
        '&frac12;' => '&#189;',
        '&frac34;' => '&#190;',
        '&iquest;' => '&#191;',
        '&Agrave;' => '&#192;',
        '&Aacute;' => '&#193;',
        '&Acirc;' => '&#194;',
        '&Atilde;' => '&#195;',
        '&Auml;' => '&#196;',
        '&Aring;' => '&#197;',
        '&AElig;' => '&#198;',
        '&Ccedil;' => '&#199;',
        '&Egrave;' => '&#200;',
        '&Eacute;' => '&#201;',
        '&Ecirc;' => '&#202;',
        '&Euml;' => '&#203;',
        '&Igrave;' => '&#204;',
        '&Iacute;' => '&#205;',
        '&Icirc;' => '&#206;',
        '&Iuml;' => '&#207;',
        '&ETH;' => '&#208;',
        '&Ntilde;' => '&#209;',
        '&Ograve;' => '&#210;',
        '&Oacute;' => '&#211;',
        '&Ocirc;' => '&#212;',
        '&Otilde;' => '&#213;',
        '&Ouml;' => '&#214;',
        '&times;' => '&#215;',
        '&Oslash;' => '&#216;',
        '&Ugrave;' => '&#217;',
        '&Uacute;' => '&#218;',
        '&Ucirc;' => '&#219;',
        '&Uuml;' => '&#220;',
        '&Yacute;' => '&#221;',
        '&THORN;' => '&#222;',
        '&szlig;' => '&#223;',
        '&agrave;' => '&#224;',
        '&aacute;' => '&#225;',
        '&acirc;' => '&#226;',
        '&atilde;' => '&#227;',
        '&auml;' => '&#228;',
        '&aring;' => '&#229;',
        '&aelig;' => '&#230;',
        '&ccedil;' => '&#231;',
        '&egrave;' => '&#232;',
        '&eacute;' => '&#233;',
        '&ecirc;' => '&#234;',
        '&euml;' => '&#235;',
        '&igrave;' => '&#236;',
        '&iacute;' => '&#237;',
        '&icirc;' => '&#238;',
        '&iuml;' => '&#239;',
        '&eth;' => '&#240;',
        '&ntilde;' => '&#241;',
        '&ograve;' => '&#242;',
        '&oacute;' => '&#243;',
        '&ocirc;' => '&#244;',
        '&otilde;' => '&#245;',
        '&ouml;' => '&#246;',
        '&divide;' => '&#247;',
        '&oslash;' => '&#248;',
        '&ugrave;' => '&#249;',
        '&uacute;' => '&#250;',
        '&ucirc;' => '&#251;',
        '&uuml;' => '&#252;',
        '&yacute;' => '&#253;',
        '&thorn;' => '&#254;',
        '&yuml;' => '&#255;',
        '&OElig;' => '&#338;',
        '&oelig;' => '&#339;',
        '&Scaron;' => '&#352;',
        '&scaron;' => '&#353;',
        '&Yuml;' => '&#376;',
        '&fnof;' => '&#402;',
        '&circ;' => '&#710;',
        '&tilde;' => '&#732;',
        '&Alpha;' => '&#913;',
        '&Beta;' => '&#914;',
        '&Gamma;' => '&#915;',
        '&Delta;' => '&#916;',
        '&Epsilon;' => '&#917;',
        '&Zeta;' => '&#918;',
        '&Eta;' => '&#919;',
        '&Theta;' => '&#920;',
        '&Iota;' => '&#921;',
        '&Kappa;' => '&#922;',
        '&Lambda;' => '&#923;',
        '&Mu;' => '&#924;',
        '&Nu;' => '&#925;',
        '&Xi;' => '&#926;',
        '&Omicron;' => '&#927;',
        '&Pi;' => '&#928;',
        '&Rho;' => '&#929;',
        '&Sigma;' => '&#931;',
        '&Tau;' => '&#932;',
        '&Upsilon;' => '&#933;',
        '&Phi;' => '&#934;',
        '&Chi;' => '&#935;',
        '&Psi;' => '&#936;',
        '&Omega;' => '&#937;',
        '&alpha;' => '&#945;',
        '&beta;' => '&#946;',
        '&gamma;' => '&#947;',
        '&delta;' => '&#948;',
        '&epsilon;' => '&#949;',
        '&zeta;' => '&#950;',
        '&eta;' => '&#951;',
        '&theta;' => '&#952;',
        '&iota;' => '&#953;',
        '&kappa;' => '&#954;',
        '&lambda;' => '&#955;',
        '&mu;' => '&#956;',
        '&nu;' => '&#957;',
        '&xi;' => '&#958;',
        '&omicron;' => '&#959;',
        '&pi;' => '&#960;',
        '&rho;' => '&#961;',
        '&sigmaf;' => '&#962;',
        '&sigma;' => '&#963;',
        '&tau;' => '&#964;',
        '&upsilon;' => '&#965;',
        '&phi;' => '&#966;',
        '&chi;' => '&#967;',
        '&psi;' => '&#968;',
        '&omega;' => '&#969;',
        '&thetasym;' => '&#977;',
        '&upsih;' => '&#978;',
        '&piv;' => '&#982;',
        '&ensp;' => '&#8194;',
        '&emsp;' => '&#8195;',
        '&thinsp;' => '&#8201;',
        '&zwnj;' => '&#8204;',
        '&zwj;' => '&#8205;',
        '&lrm;' => '&#8206;',
        '&rlm;' => '&#8207;',
        '&ndash;' => '&#8211;',
        '&mdash;' => '&#8212;',
        '&lsquo;' => '&#8216;',
        '&rsquo;' => '&#8217;',
        '&sbquo;' => '&#8218;',
        '&ldquo;' => '&#8220;',
        '&rdquo;' => '&#8221;',
        '&bdquo;' => '&#8222;',
        '&dagger;' => '&#8224;',
        '&Dagger;' => '&#8225;',
        '&bull;' => '&#8226;',
        '&hellip;' => '&#8230;',
        '&permil;' => '&#8240;',
        '&prime;' => '&#8242;',
        '&Prime;' => '&#8243;',
        '&lsaquo;' => '&#8249;',
        '&rsaquo;' => '&#8250;',
        '&oline;' => '&#8254;',
        '&frasl;' => '&#8260;',
        '&euro;' => '&#8364;',
        '&image;' => '&#8465;',
        '&weierp;' => '&#8472;',
        '&real;' => '&#8476;',
        '&trade;' => '&#8482;',
        '&alefsym;' => '&#8501;',
        '&crarr;' => '&#8629;',
        '&lArr;' => '&#8656;',
        '&uArr;' => '&#8657;',
        '&rArr;' => '&#8658;',
        '&dArr;' => '&#8659;',
        '&hArr;' => '&#8660;',
        '&forall;' => '&#8704;',
        '&part;' => '&#8706;',
        '&exist;' => '&#8707;',
        '&empty;' => '&#8709;',
        '&nabla;' => '&#8711;',
        '&isin;' => '&#8712;',
        '&notin;' => '&#8713;',
        '&ni;' => '&#8715;',
        '&prod;' => '&#8719;',
        '&sum;' => '&#8721;',
        '&minus;' => '&#8722;',
        '&lowast;' => '&#8727;',
        '&radic;' => '&#8730;',
        '&prop;' => '&#8733;',
        '&infin;' => '&#8734;',
        '&ang;' => '&#8736;',
        '&and;' => '&#8743;',
        '&or;' => '&#8744;',
        '&cap;' => '&#8745;',
        '&cup;' => '&#8746;',
        '&int;' => '&#8747;',
        '&there4;' => '&#8756;',
        '&sim;' => '&#8764;',
        '&cong;' => '&#8773;',
        '&asymp;' => '&#8776;',
        '&ne;' => '&#8800;',
        '&equiv;' => '&#8801;',
        '&le;' => '&#8804;',
        '&ge;' => '&#8805;',
        '&sub;' => '&#8834;',
        '&sup;' => '&#8835;',
        '&nsub;' => '&#8836;',
        '&sube;' => '&#8838;',
        '&supe;' => '&#8839;',
        '&oplus;' => '&#8853;',
        '&otimes;' => '&#8855;',
        '&perp;' => '&#8869;',
        '&sdot;' => '&#8901;',
        '&lceil;' => '&#8968;',
        '&rceil;' => '&#8969;',
        '&lfloor;' => '&#8970;',
        '&rfloor;' => '&#8971;',
        '&lang;' => '&#9001;',
        '&rang;' => '&#9002;',
        '&larr;' => '&#8592;',
        '&uarr;' => '&#8593;',
        '&rarr;' => '&#8594;',
        '&darr;' => '&#8595;',
        '&harr;' => '&#8596;',
        '&loz;' => '&#9674;',
        '&spades;' => '&#9824;',
        '&clubs;' => '&#9827;',
        '&hearts;' => '&#9829;',
        '&diams;' => '&#9830;'
    );

    return str_replace( array_keys($to_ncr), array_values($to_ncr), $text );
}

/**
 * Formats text for the rich text editor.
 *
 * The filter 'richedit_pre' is applied here. If $text is empty the filter will
 * be applied to an empty string.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be formatted.
 * @return string The formatted text after filter is applied.
 */
function wp_richedit_pre($text) {
    // Filtering a blank results in an annoying <br />\n
    if ( empty($text) ) return apply_filters('richedit_pre', '');

    $output = convert_chars($text);
    $output = wpautop($output);
    $output = htmlspecialchars($output, ENT_NOQUOTES);

    return apply_filters('richedit_pre', $output);
}

/**
 * Formats text for the HTML editor.
 *
 * Unless $output is empty it will pass through htmlspecialchars before the
 * 'htmledit_pre' filter is applied.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $output The text to be formatted.
 * @return string Formatted text after filter applied.
 */
function wp_htmledit_pre($output) {
    if ( !empty($output) )
        $output = htmlspecialchars($output, ENT_NOQUOTES); // convert only < > &

    return apply_filters('htmledit_pre', $output);
}

/**
 * Checks and cleans a URL.
 *
 * A number of characters are removed from the URL. If the URL is for displaying
 * (the default behaviour) amperstands are also replaced. The 'esc_url' filter
 * is applied to the returned cleaned URL.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 * @uses wp_kses_bad_protocol() To only permit protocols in the URL set
 *        via $protocols or the common ones set in the function.
 *
 * @param string $url The URL to be cleaned.
 * @param array $protocols Optional. An array of acceptable protocols.
 *        Defaults to 'http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps', 'mailto', 'news', 'irc', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'feed', 'telnet' if not set.
 * @param string $context Optional. How the URL will be used. Default is 'display'.
 * @return string The cleaned $url after the 'cleaned_url' filter is applied.
 */
function clean_url( $url, $protocols = null, $context = 'display' ) {
    $original_url = $url;

    if ('' == $url) return $url;
    $url = preg_replace('|[^a-z0-9-~+_.?#=!&;,/:%@$\|*\'()\\x80-\\xff]|i', '', $url);
    $strip = array('%0d', '%0a', '%0D', '%0A');
    $url = _deep_replace($strip, $url);
    $url = str_replace(';//', '://', $url);
    /* If the URL doesn't appear to contain a scheme, we
     * presume it needs http:// appended (unless a relative
     * link starting with / or a php file).
     */
    if ( strpos($url, ':') === false &&
        substr( $url, 0, 1 ) != '/' && substr( $url, 0, 1 ) != '#' && !preg_match('/^[a-z0-9-]+?\.php/i', $url) )
        $url = 'http://' . $url;

    // Replace ampersands and single quotes only when displaying.
    if ( 'display' == $context ) {
        $url = preg_replace('/&([^#])(?![a-z]{2,8};)/', '&#038;$1', $url);
        $url = str_replace( "'", '&#039;', $url );
    }

    if ( !is_array($protocols) )
        $protocols = array('http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps', 'mailto', 'news', 'irc', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'feed', 'telnet');
    if ( wp_kses_bad_protocol( $url, $protocols ) != $url )
        return '';

    return apply_filters('clean_url', $url, $original_url, $context);
}

/**
 * Perform a deep string replace operation to ensure the values in $search are no longer present
 *
 * Repeats the replacement operation until it no longer replaces anything so as to remove "nested" values
 * e.g. $subject = '%0%0%0DDD', $search ='%0D', $result ='' rather than the '%0%0DD' that
 * str_replace would return
 *
 * @since 2.8.1
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string|array $search
 * @param string $subject
 * @return string The processed string
 */
function _deep_replace($search, $subject){
    $found = true;
    while($found) {
        $found = false;
        foreach( (array) $search as $val ) {
            while(strpos($subject, $val) !== false) {
                $found = true;
                $subject = str_replace($val, '', $subject);
            }
        }
    }

    return $subject;
}

/**
 * Escapes data for use in a MySQL query
 *
 * This is just a handy shortcut for $wpdb->escape(), for completeness' sake
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @param string $sql Unescaped SQL data
 * @return string The cleaned $sql
 */
function esc_sql( $sql ) {
    global $wpdb;
    return $wpdb->escape( $sql );
}


/**
 * Checks and cleans a URL.
 *
 * A number of characters are removed from the URL. If the URL is for displaying
 * (the default behaviour) amperstands are also replaced. The 'esc_url' filter
 * is applied to the returned cleaned URL.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @uses esc_url()
 * @uses wp_kses_bad_protocol() To only permit protocols in the URL set
 *        via $protocols or the common ones set in the function.
 *
 * @param string $url The URL to be cleaned.
 * @param array $protocols Optional. An array of acceptable protocols.
 *        Defaults to 'http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps', 'mailto', 'news', 'irc', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'feed', 'telnet' if not set.
 * @return string The cleaned $url after the 'cleaned_url' filter is applied.
 */
function esc_url( $url, $protocols = null ) {
    return clean_url( $url, $protocols, 'display' );
}

/**
 * Performs esc_url() for database usage.
 *
 * @see esc_url()
 * @see esc_url()
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $url The URL to be cleaned.
 * @param array $protocols An array of acceptable protocols.
 * @return string The cleaned URL.
 */
function esc_url_raw( $url, $protocols = null ) {
    return clean_url( $url, $protocols, 'db' );
}

/**
 * Performs esc_url() for database or redirect usage.
 *
 * @see esc_url()
 * @deprecated 2.8.0
 *
 * @since 2.3.1
 *
 * @param string $url The URL to be cleaned.
 * @param array $protocols An array of acceptable protocols.
 * @return string The cleaned URL.
 */
function sanitize_url( $url, $protocols = null ) {
    return clean_url( $url, $protocols, 'db' );
}

/**
 * Convert entities, while preserving already-encoded entities.
 *
 * @link http://www.php.net/htmlentities Borrowed from the PHP Manual user notes.
 *
 * @since 1.2.2
 *
 * @param string $myHTML The text to be converted.
 * @return string Converted text.
 */
function htmlentities2($myHTML) {
    $translation_table = get_html_translation_table( HTML_ENTITIES, ENT_QUOTES );
    $translation_table[chr(38)] = '&';
    return preg_replace( "/&(?![A-Za-z]{0,4}\w{2,3};|#[0-9]{2,3};)/", "&amp;", strtr($myHTML, $translation_table) );
}

/**
 * Escape single quotes, htmlspecialchar " < > &, and fix line endings.
 *
 * Escapes text strings for echoing in JS, both inline (for example in onclick="...")
 * and inside <script> tag. Note that the strings have to be in single quotes.
 * The filter 'js_escape' is also applied here.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be escaped.
 * @return string Escaped text.
 */
function esc_js( $text ) {
    $safe_text = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text );
    $safe_text = _wp_specialchars( $safe_text, ENT_COMPAT );
    $safe_text = preg_replace( '/&#(x)?0*(?(1)27|39);?/i', "'", stripslashes( $safe_text ) );
    $safe_text = str_replace( "\r", '', $safe_text );
    $safe_text = str_replace( "\n", '\\n', addslashes( $safe_text ) );
    return apply_filters( 'js_escape', $safe_text, $text );
}

/**
 * Escape single quotes, specialchar double quotes, and fix line endings.
 *
 * The filter 'js_escape' is also applied by esc_js()
 *
 * @since 2.0.4
 *
 * @deprecated 2.8.0
 * @see esc_js()
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be escaped.
 * @return string Escaped text.
 */
function js_escape( $text ) {
    return esc_js( $text );
}

/**
 * Escaping for HTML blocks.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function esc_html( $text ) {
    $safe_text = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text );
    $safe_text = _wp_specialchars( $safe_text, ENT_QUOTES );
    return apply_filters( 'esc_html', $safe_text, $text );
}

/**
 * Escaping for HTML blocks
 * @deprecated 2.8.0
 * @see esc_html()
 */
function wp_specialchars( $string, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES, $charset = false, $double_encode = false ) {
    if ( func_num_args() > 1 ) { // Maintain backwards compat for people passing additional args
        $args = func_get_args();
        return call_user_func_array( '_wp_specialchars', $args );
    } else {
        return esc_html( $string );
    }
}

/**
 * Escaping for HTML attributes.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function esc_attr( $text ) {
    $safe_text = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text );
    $safe_text = _wp_specialchars( $safe_text, ENT_QUOTES );
    return apply_filters( 'attribute_escape', $safe_text, $text );
}

/**
 * Escaping for HTML attributes.
 *
 * @since 2.0.6
 *
 * @deprecated 2.8.0
 * @see esc_attr()
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function attribute_escape( $text ) {
    return esc_attr( $text );
}

/**
 * Escape a HTML tag name.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $tag_name
 * @return string
 */
function tag_escape($tag_name) {
    $safe_tag = strtolower( preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z_:]/', '', $tag_name) );
    return apply_filters('tag_escape', $safe_tag, $tag_name);
}

/**
 * Escapes text for SQL LIKE special characters % and _.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be escaped.
 * @return string text, safe for inclusion in LIKE query.
 */
function like_escape($text) {
    return str_replace(array("%", "_"), array("\\%", "\\_"), $text);
}

/**
 * Convert full URL paths to absolute paths.
 *
 * Removes the http or https protocols and the domain. Keeps the path '/' at the
 * beginning, so it isn't a true relative link, but from the web root base.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $link Full URL path.
 * @return string Absolute path.
 */
function wp_make_link_relative( $link ) {
    return preg_replace( '|https?://[^/]+(/.*)|i', '$1', $link );
}

/**
 * Sanitises various option values based on the nature of the option.
 *
 * This is basically a switch statement which will pass $value through a number
 * of functions depending on the $option.
 *
 * @since 2.0.5
 *
 * @param string $option The name of the option.
 * @param string $value The unsanitised value.
 * @return string Sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_option($option, $value) {

    switch ($option) {
        case 'admin_email':
            $value = sanitize_email($value);
            break;

        case 'thumbnail_size_w':
        case 'thumbnail_size_h':
        case 'medium_size_w':
        case 'medium_size_h':
        case 'large_size_w':
        case 'large_size_h':
        case 'embed_size_h':
        case 'default_post_edit_rows':
        case 'mailserver_port':
        case 'comment_max_links':
        case 'page_on_front':
        case 'rss_excerpt_length':
        case 'default_category':
        case 'default_email_category':
        case 'default_link_category':
        case 'close_comments_days_old':
        case 'comments_per_page':
        case 'thread_comments_depth':
        case 'users_can_register':
            $value = absint( $value );
            break;

        case 'embed_size_w':
            if ( '' !== $value )
                $value = absint( $value );
            break;

        case 'posts_per_page':
        case 'posts_per_rss':
            $value = (int) $value;
            if ( empty($value) ) $value = 1;
            if ( $value < -1 ) $value = abs($value);
            break;

        case 'default_ping_status':
        case 'default_comment_status':
            // Options that if not there have 0 value but need to be something like "closed"
            if ( $value == '0' || $value == '')
                $value = 'closed';
            break;

        case 'blogdescription':
        case 'blogname':
            $value = addslashes($value);
            $value = wp_filter_post_kses( $value ); // calls stripslashes then addslashes
            $value = stripslashes($value);
            $value = esc_html( $value );
            break;

        case 'blog_charset':
            $value = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/', '', $value); // strips slashes
            break;

        case 'date_format':
        case 'time_format':
        case 'mailserver_url':
        case 'mailserver_login':
        case 'mailserver_pass':
        case 'ping_sites':
        case 'upload_path':
            $value = strip_tags($value);
            $value = addslashes($value);
            $value = wp_filter_kses($value); // calls stripslashes then addslashes
            $value = stripslashes($value);
            break;

        case 'gmt_offset':
            $value = preg_replace('/[^0-9:.-]/', '', $value); // strips slashes
            break;

        case 'siteurl':
        case 'home':
            $value = stripslashes($value);
            $value = esc_url($value);
            break;
        default :
            $value = apply_filters("sanitize_option_{$option}", $value, $option);
            break;
    }

    return $value;
}

/**
 * Parses a string into variables to be stored in an array.
 *
 * Uses {@link http://www.php.net/parse_str parse_str()} and stripslashes if
 * {@link http://www.php.net/magic_quotes magic_quotes_gpc} is on.
 *
 * @since 2.2.1
 * @uses apply_filters() for the 'wp_parse_str' filter.
 *
 * @param string $string The string to be parsed.
 * @param array $array Variables will be stored in this array.
 */
function wp_parse_str( $string, &$array ) {
    parse_str( $string, $array );
    if ( get_magic_quotes_gpc() )
        $array = stripslashes_deep( $array );
    $array = apply_filters( 'wp_parse_str', $array );
}

/**
 * Convert lone less than signs.
 *
 * KSES already converts lone greater than signs.
 *
 * @uses wp_pre_kses_less_than_callback in the callback function.
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be converted.
 * @return string Converted text.
 */
function wp_pre_kses_less_than( $text ) {
    return preg_replace_callback('%<[^>]*?((?=<)|>|$)%', 'wp_pre_kses_less_than_callback', $text);
}

/**
 * Callback function used by preg_replace.
 *
 * @uses esc_html to format the $matches text.
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array $matches Populated by matches to preg_replace.
 * @return string The text returned after esc_html if needed.
 */
function wp_pre_kses_less_than_callback( $matches ) {
    if ( false === strpos($matches[0], '>') )
        return esc_html($matches[0]);
    return $matches[0];
}

/**
 * WordPress implementation of PHP sprintf() with filters.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 * @link http://www.php.net/sprintf
 *
 * @param string $pattern The string which formatted args are inserted.
 * @param mixed $args,... Arguments to be formatted into the $pattern string.
 * @return string The formatted string.
 */
function wp_sprintf( $pattern ) {
    $args = func_get_args( );
    $len = strlen($pattern);
    $start = 0;
    $result = '';
    $arg_index = 0;
    while ( $len > $start ) {
        // Last character: append and break
        if ( strlen($pattern) - 1 == $start ) {
            $result .= substr($pattern, -1);
            break;
        }

        // Literal %: append and continue
        if ( substr($pattern, $start, 2) == '%%' ) {
            $start += 2;
            $result .= '%';
            continue;
        }

        // Get fragment before next %
        $end = strpos($pattern, '%', $start + 1);
        if ( false === $end )
            $end = $len;
        $fragment = substr($pattern, $start, $end - $start);

        // Fragment has a specifier
        if ( $pattern{$start} == '%' ) {
            // Find numbered arguments or take the next one in order
            if ( preg_match('/^%(\d+)\$/', $fragment, $matches) ) {
                $arg = isset($args[$matches[1]]) ? $args[$matches[1]] : '';
                $fragment = str_replace("%{$matches[1]}$", '%', $fragment);
            } else {
                ++$arg_index;
                $arg = isset($args[$arg_index]) ? $args[$arg_index] : '';
            }

            // Apply filters OR sprintf
            $_fragment = apply_filters( 'wp_sprintf', $fragment, $arg );
            if ( $_fragment != $fragment )
                $fragment = $_fragment;
            else
                $fragment = sprintf($fragment, strval($arg) );
        }

        // Append to result and move to next fragment
        $result .= $fragment;
        $start = $end;
    }
    return $result;
}

/**
 * Localize list items before the rest of the content.
 *
 * The '%l' must be at the first characters can then contain the rest of the
 * content. The list items will have ', ', ', and', and ' and ' added depending
 * on the amount of list items in the $args parameter.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param string $pattern Content containing '%l' at the beginning.
 * @param array $args List items to prepend to the content and replace '%l'.
 * @return string Localized list items and rest of the content.
 */
function wp_sprintf_l($pattern, $args) {
    // Not a match
    if ( substr($pattern, 0, 2) != '%l' )
        return $pattern;

    // Nothing to work with
    if ( empty($args) )
        return '';

    // Translate and filter the delimiter set (avoid ampersands and entities here)
    $l = apply_filters('wp_sprintf_l', array(
        /* translators: used between list items, there is a space after the coma */
        'between'          => __(', '),
        /* translators: used between list items, there is a space after the and */
        'between_last_two' => __(', and '),
        /* translators: used between only two list items, there is a space after the and */
        'between_only_two' => __(' and '),
        ));

    $args = (array) $args;
    $result = array_shift($args);
    if ( count($args) == 1 )
        $result .= $l['between_only_two'] . array_shift($args);
    // Loop when more than two args
    $i = count($args);
    while ( $i ) {
        $arg = array_shift($args);
        $i--;
        if ( 0 == $i )
            $result .= $l['between_last_two'] . $arg;
        else
            $result .= $l['between'] . $arg;
    }
    return $result . substr($pattern, 2);
}

/**
 * Safely extracts not more than the first $count characters from html string.
 *
 * UTF-8, tags and entities safe prefix extraction. Entities inside will *NOT*
 * be counted as one character. For example &amp; will be counted as 4, &lt; as
 * 3, etc.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param integer $str String to get the excerpt from.
 * @param integer $count Maximum number of characters to take.
 * @return string The excerpt.
 */
function wp_html_excerpt( $str, $count ) {
    $str = wp_strip_all_tags( $str, true );
    $str = mb_substr( $str, 0, $count );
    // remove part of an entity at the end
    $str = preg_replace( '/&[^;\s]{0,6}$/', '', $str );
    return $str;
}

/**
 * Add a Base url to relative links in passed content.
 *
 * By default it supports the 'src' and 'href' attributes. However this can be
 * changed via the 3rd param.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $content String to search for links in.
 * @param string $base The base URL to prefix to links.
 * @param array $attrs The attributes which should be processed.
 * @return string The processed content.
 */
function links_add_base_url( $content, $base, $attrs = array('src', 'href') ) {
    $attrs = implode('|', (array)$attrs);
    return preg_replace_callback("!($attrs)=(['\"])(.+?)\\2!i",
            create_function('$m', 'return _links_add_base($m, "' . $base . '");'),
            $content);
}

/**
 * Callback to add a base url to relative links in passed content.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string $m The matched link.
 * @param string $base The base URL to prefix to links.
 * @return string The processed link.
 */
function _links_add_base($m, $base) {
    //1 = attribute name  2 = quotation mark  3 = URL
    return $m[1] . '=' . $m[2] .
        (strpos($m[3], 'http://') === false ?
            path_join($base, $m[3]) :
            $m[3])
        . $m[2];
}

/**
 * Adds a Target attribute to all links in passed content.
 *
 * This function by default only applies to <a> tags, however this can be
 * modified by the 3rd param.
 *
 * <b>NOTE:</b> Any current target attributed will be striped and replaced.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $content String to search for links in.
 * @param string $target The Target to add to the links.
 * @param array $tags An array of tags to apply to.
 * @return string The processed content.
 */
function links_add_target( $content, $target = '_blank', $tags = array('a') ) {
    $tags = implode('|', (array)$tags);
    return preg_replace_callback("!<($tags)(.+?)>!i",
            create_function('$m', 'return _links_add_target($m, "' . $target . '");'),
            $content);
}

/**
 * Callback to add a target attribute to all links in passed content.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string $m The matched link.
 * @param string $target The Target to add to the links.
 * @return string The processed link.
 */
function _links_add_target( $m, $target ) {
    $tag = $m[1];
    $link = preg_replace('|(target=[\'"](.*?)[\'"])|i', '', $m[2]);
    return '<' . $tag . $link . ' target="' . $target . '">';
}

// normalize EOL characters and strip duplicate whitespace
function normalize_whitespace( $str ) {
    $str  = trim($str);
    $str  = str_replace("\r", "\n", $str);
    $str  = preg_replace( array( '/\n+/', '/[ \t]+/' ), array( "\n", ' ' ), $str );
    return $str;
}

/**
 * Properly strip all HTML tags including script and style
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @param string $string String containing HTML tags
 * @param bool $remove_breaks optional Whether to remove left over line breaks and white space chars
 * @return string The processed string.
 */
function wp_strip_all_tags($string, $remove_breaks = false) {
    $string = preg_replace( '@<(script|style)[^>]*?>.*?</\\1>@si', '', $string );
    $string = strip_tags($string);

    if ( $remove_breaks )
        $string = preg_replace('/[\r\n\t ]+/', ' ', $string);

    return trim($string);
}

/**
 * Sanitize a string from user input or from the db
 *
 * check for invalid UTF-8,
 * Convert single < characters to entity,
 * strip all tags,
 * remove line breaks, tabs and extra whitre space,
 * strip octets.
 *
 * @since 2.9
 *
 * @param string $str
 * @return string
 */
function sanitize_text_field($str) {
    $filtered = wp_check_invalid_utf8( $str );

    if ( strpos($filtered, '<') !== false ) {
        $filtered = wp_pre_kses_less_than( $filtered );
        $filtered = wp_strip_all_tags( $filtered, true );
    } else {
         $filtered = trim( preg_replace('/[\r\n\t ]+/', ' ', $filtered) );
    }

    $match = array();
    while ( preg_match('/%[a-f0-9]{2}/i', $filtered, $match) )
        $filtered = str_replace($match[0], '', $filtered);

    return apply_filters('sanitize_text_field', $filtered, $str);
}

?>