Showing 14,752 of 14,752 total issues
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Temperatur" 4 times. Open
"Temperatur","pH","aw","CO2","Druck","Luftfeuchtigkeit",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal " FOR EACH ROW " 6 times. Open
DBKernel.delimitL(tableName) + " FOR EACH ROW " + " CALL " + DBKernel.delimitL(new MyTrigger().getClass().getName()), false); // (oneThread ? "QUEUE 0" : "") + - Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Laienpersonal" 3 times. Open
"Spezialequipment","Laienpersonal",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "burchardi" 4 times. Open
if (isSiLeBAT) addTable(Kostenkatalogpreise, DBKernel.getUsername().equals("burchardi") || DBKernel.getUsername().equals("defad") ? 66 : -1);- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Zutat" 4 times. Open
h1.put("Zutat", "Zutat"); - Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Literatur" 7 times. Open
MyTable literatur = new MyTable("Literatur", new String[]{"Erstautor","Jahr","Titel","Abstract","Journal","Volume","Issue","Seite","FreigabeModus","Webseite","Literaturtyp","Paper"},- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal " (ID=" 5 times. Open
ergebnis += tablename + " (ID=" + id + "): " + res[1] + "\n";- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal " IS NOT NULL)" 4 times. Open
DBKernel.delimitL("Verteilung") + " IS NOT NULL)",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Station" 3 times. Open
MyTable Knoten = new MyTable("Station", new String[]{"Produktkatalog","Name","Strasse","Hausnummer","Postfach","PLZ","Ort","District","Bundesland","Land","Longitude","Latitude","Ansprechpartner","Telefon","Fax","EMail","Webseite","Betriebsnummer","Betriebsart","VATnumber","Code",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "DauerEinheit" 3 times. Open
"Kits","Dauer","DauerEinheit","Personalressourcen","ZeitEinheit",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Kostenkatalog" 4 times. Open
MyTable Kostenkatalog = new MyTable("Kostenkatalog",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Produkt" 3 times. Open
h1.put("Produkt", "Produkt"); - Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Krankheitsbilder" 4 times. Open
MyTable diagnostik = new MyTable("Krankheitsbilder", new String[]{"Referenz","Agens","AgensDetail","Risikokategorie_CDC","BioStoffV",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "GeschaetzteParameter" 3 times. Open
"Referenzen","GeschaetzteParameter","GeschaetzteParameterCovCor","GueltigkeitsBereiche","PMML","PMMLabWF","FreigabeModus"},- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "VARCHAR(1023)" 12 times. Open
new String[]{"VARCHAR(100)","INTEGER","VARCHAR(1023)","VARCHAR(16383)","VARCHAR(255)","VARCHAR(50)","VARCHAR(50)","INTEGER","INTEGER","VARCHAR(255)","INTEGER","BLOB(10M)"},- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Bezeichnung" 13 times. Open
MyTable symptome = new MyTable("Symptome", new String[]{"Bezeichnung","Beschreibung","Bezeichnung_engl","Beschreibung_engl"},- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal " IS NOT NULL AND (" 7 times. Open
DBKernel.delimitL("Wert") + " IS NOT NULL AND (" + DBKernel.delimitL("Wert_typ") + " IS NULL OR " + DBKernel.delimitL("Wert_typ") + " = 1)",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Referenz" 12 times. Open
"Undefiniert (n.d.)","Referenz"},- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Agens" 8 times. Open
MyTable diagnostik = new MyTable("Krankheitsbilder", new String[]{"Referenz","Agens","AgensDetail","Risikokategorie_CDC","BioStoffV",- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "Schluesselnummer" 5 times. Open
new String[]{"Schluesselnummer","Titel"},- Read upRead up
- Create a ticketCreate a ticket
- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
public void run() {
prepare("action1"); // Noncompliant - "action1" is duplicated 3 times
execute("action1");
release("action1");
}
@SuppressWarning("all") // Compliant - annotations are excluded
private void method1() { /* ... */ }
@SuppressWarning("all")
private void method2() { /* ... */ }
public String method3(String a) {
System.out.println("'" + a + "'"); // Compliant - literal "'" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
return ""; // Compliant - literal "" has less than 5 characters and is excluded
}
Compliant Solution
private static final String ACTION_1 = "action1"; // Compliant
public void run() {
prepare(ACTION_1); // Compliant
execute(ACTION_1);
release(ACTION_1);
}
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.