Showing 15,735 of 15,735 total issues
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "UTF-8" 3 times. Open
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
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Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Rename "$box" which has the same name as the field declared at line 134. Open
$box = $this->getBox();
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Shadowing fields with a local variable is a bad practice that reduces code readability: it makes it confusing to know whether the field or the variable is being used.
Noncompliant Code Example
class Foo { public $myField; public function doSomething() { $myField = 0; ... } }
See
- CERT, DCL51-J. - Do not shadow or obscure identifiers in subscopes
Rename "$objects" which has the same name as the field declared at line 97. Open
$objects = [];
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Shadowing fields with a local variable is a bad practice that reduces code readability: it makes it confusing to know whether the field or the variable is being used.
Noncompliant Code Example
class Foo { public $myField; public function doSomething() { $myField = 0; ... } }
See
- CERT, DCL51-J. - Do not shadow or obscure identifiers in subscopes
Reduce the number of returns of this function 5, down to the maximum allowed 3. Open
public function getOuterHeight()
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Having too many return statements in a function increases the function's essential complexity because the flow of execution is broken each time a return statement is encountered. This makes it harder to read and understand the logic of the function.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function myFunction(){ // Noncompliant as there are 4 return statements if (condition1) { return true; } else { if (condition2) { return false; } else { return true; } } return false; }
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "border-right-color" 4 times. Open
if ($style->getRules('border-right-width') && 'none' !== $style->getRules('border-right-style') && 'transparent' !== $style->getRules('border-right-color')) {
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Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Add a "case default" clause to this "switch" statement. Open
switch ($step) {
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The requirement for a final case default
clause is defensive programming. The clause should either take appropriate action, or contain
a suitable comment as to why no action is taken. Even when the switch
covers all current values of an enum
, a default case
should still be used because there is no guarantee that the enum
won't be extended.
Noncompliant Code Example
switch ($param) { //missing default clause case 0: do_something(); break; case 1: do_something_else(); break; } switch ($param) { default: // default clause should be the last one error(); break; case 0: do_something(); break; case 1: do_something_else(); break; }
Compliant Solution
switch ($param) { case 0: do_something(); break; case 1: do_something_else(); break; default: error(); break; }
See
- MISRA C:2004, 15.0 - The MISRA C switch syntax shall be used.
- MISRA C:2004, 15.3 - The final clause of a switch statement shall be the default clause
- MISRA C++:2008, 6-4-3 - A switch statement shall be a well-formed switch statement.
- MISRA C++:2008, 6-4-6 - The final clause of a switch statement shall be the default-clause
- MISRA C:2012, 16.1 - All switch statements shall be well-formed
- MISRA C:2012, 16.4 - Every switch statement shall have a default label
- MISRA C:2012, 16.5 - A default label shall appear as either the first or the last switch label of a switch statement
- MITRE, CWE-478 - Missing Default Case in Switch Statement
- CERT, MSC01-C. - Strive for logical completeness
- CERT, MSC01-CPP. - Strive for logical completeness
Refactor this function to reduce its Cognitive Complexity from 40 to the 15 allowed. Open
public function divide()
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Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how hard the control flow of a function is to understand. Functions with high Cognitive Complexity will be difficult to maintain.
See
Add a "case default" clause to this "switch" statement. Open
switch ($display) {
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The requirement for a final case default
clause is defensive programming. The clause should either take appropriate action, or contain
a suitable comment as to why no action is taken. Even when the switch
covers all current values of an enum
, a default case
should still be used because there is no guarantee that the enum
won't be extended.
Noncompliant Code Example
switch ($param) { //missing default clause case 0: do_something(); break; case 1: do_something_else(); break; } switch ($param) { default: // default clause should be the last one error(); break; case 0: do_something(); break; case 1: do_something_else(); break; }
Compliant Solution
switch ($param) { case 0: do_something(); break; case 1: do_something_else(); break; default: error(); break; }
See
- MISRA C:2004, 15.0 - The MISRA C switch syntax shall be used.
- MISRA C:2004, 15.3 - The final clause of a switch statement shall be the default clause
- MISRA C++:2008, 6-4-3 - A switch statement shall be a well-formed switch statement.
- MISRA C++:2008, 6-4-6 - The final clause of a switch statement shall be the default-clause
- MISRA C:2012, 16.1 - All switch statements shall be well-formed
- MISRA C:2012, 16.4 - Every switch statement shall have a default label
- MISRA C:2012, 16.5 - A default label shall appear as either the first or the last switch label of a switch statement
- MITRE, CWE-478 - Missing Default Case in Switch Statement
- CERT, MSC01-C. - Strive for logical completeness
- CERT, MSC01-CPP. - Strive for logical completeness
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "transparent" 3 times. Open
if (null === $this->normalized && 'transparent' !== $ruleValue) {
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Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "transparent" 3 times. Open
if (null === $this->normalized && 'transparent' !== $ruleValue) {
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- Exclude checks
Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "text-align" 3 times. Open
'text-align',
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Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "border-left-width" 11 times. Open
'border-left-width' => '0',
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Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Either remove or fill this block of code. Open
} catch (\Exception $e) {
}
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Most of the time a block of code is empty when a piece of code is really missing. So such empty block must be either filled or removed.
Noncompliant Code Example
for ($i = 0; $i < 42; $i++){} // Empty on purpose or missing piece of code ?
Exceptions
When a block contains a comment, this block is not considered to be empty.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "descriptor" 12 times. Open
$this->outputInfo['descriptor'] = [];
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Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.
Define a constant instead of duplicating this literal "DejaVuSans-Oblique.ttf" 3 times. Open
'italic' => 'DejaVuSans-Oblique.ttf',
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Duplicated string literals make the process of refactoring error-prone, since you must be sure to update all occurrences.
On the other hand, constants can be referenced from many places, but only need to be updated in a single place.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default threshold of 3:
function run() { prepare('action1'); // Non-Compliant - 'action1' is duplicated 3 times execute('action1'); release('action1'); }
Compliant Solution
ACTION_1 = 'action1'; function run() { prepare(ACTION_1); execute(ACTION_1); release(ACTION_1); }
Exceptions
To prevent generating some false-positives, literals having less than 5 characters are excluded.