codons.html
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<div class="card-header"> Codon </div>
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<h5 class="card-title"> <i class="fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true" title="information about amino-acid"></i>
</h5>
<p class="card-text">
<table>
<tr>
<th> Standard Codon #, </th>
<th> Amber, </th>
<th> Ochre, </th>
<th> Opal, </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 3, </td>
<td>
<table>
<tr> <h6> TAG </h6> </tr>
<tr> <h6> UAG </h6> </tr>
<br><br>
<tr> <h6> Non-sense </h6></tr>
<tr> <h6> Non-stop </h6> </tr>
</table>
</td>
<td>
<table>
<tr> <h6> TAA </h6> </tr>
<tr> <h6> UAA </h6> </tr>
</table>
</td>
<td>
<table>
<tr> <h6> TGA </h6> </tr>
<tr> <h6> UGA </h6> </tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th> Mutation Classifications, </th>
<th> Discovered , </th>
<th> Cause, </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h6> Nonsense mutations <br> </h6> are changes in DNA sequence that introduce a premature stop codon, causing any resulting protein to be abnormally shortened. This often causes a loss of function in the protein, as critical parts of the amino acid chain are no longer assembled.
<h6> Nonstop mutation <br> </h6> A nonstop mutation is a point mutation that occurs within a stop codon. Nonstop mutations cause the continued translation of an mRNA strand into what should be an untranslated region.Nonstop mutations differ from nonsense mutations in that they do not create a stop codon but, instead, delete one. Nonstop mutations also differ from missense mutations, which are point mutations where a single nucleotide is changed to cause replacement by a different amino acid. An orange-reddish-brown mineral pigment.
<h6> Hidden stops <br> </h6> are non-stop codons that would be read as stop codons if they were frameshifted +1 or −1. These prematurely terminate translation if the corresponding frame-shift (such as due to a ribosomal RNA slip) occurs before the hidden stop.Codons that can form hidden stops are used in genomes more frequently compared to synonymous codons that would otherwise code for the same amino acid. Unstable rRNA in an organism correlates with a higher frequency of hidden stops.
</td>
<td>
Richard H. Epstein and Charles Steinberg in German (nonsense),
Sydney Brenner (orche).
</td>
<td>
Nonstop mutations have been linked with several congenital diseases including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, variable anterior segment dysgenesis, cystic fibrosis and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.
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</table>
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