Close

Disallow Early Use (no-use-before-define)

In JavaScript, prior to ES6, variable and function declarations are hoisted to the top of a scope, so it's possible to use identifiers before their formal declarations in code. This can be confusing and some believe it is best to always declare variables and functions before using them.

In ES6, block-level bindings (let and const) introduce a "temporal dead zone" where a ReferenceError will be thrown with any attempt to access the variable before its declaration.

Rule Details

This rule will warn when it encounters a reference to an identifier that has not yet been declared.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
alert(a);
var a = 10;
 
f();
function f() {}
 
function g() {
    return b;
}
var b = 1;
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    alert(c);
    let c = 1;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a;
a = 10;
alert(a);
 
function f() {}
f(1);
 
var b = 1;
function g() {
    return b;
}
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    let C;
    c++;
}

Options

{
    "no-use-before-define": ["error", { "functions": true, "classes": true }]
}

• functions (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks function declarations. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a function before the function declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references. Function declarations are hoisted, so it's safe. Default is true.
• classes (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks class declarations of upper scopes. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a class before the class declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references if the declaration is in upper function scopes. Class declarations are not hoisted, so it might be danger. Default is true.
• variables (boolean) - This flag determines whether or not the rule checks variable declarations in upper scopes. If this is true, the rule warns every reference to a variable before the variable declaration. Otherwise, the rule ignores a reference if the declaration is in an upper scope, while still reporting the reference if it's in the same scope as the declaration. Default is true.

This rule accepts "nofunc" string as an option. "nofunc" is the same as { "functions": false, "classes": true }.

functions

Examples of correct code for the { "functions": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "functions": false }]*/
 
f();
function f() {}

classes

Examples of incorrect code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
new A();
class A {
}

Examples of correct code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
function foo() {
    return new A();
}
 
class A {
}

variables

Examples of incorrect code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
console.log(foo);
var foo = 1;

Examples of correct code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
function baz() {
    console.log(foo);
}
 
var foo = 1;

Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

Disallow Early Use (no-use-before-define)

In JavaScript, prior to ES6, variable and function declarations are hoisted to the top of a scope, so it's possible to use identifiers before their formal declarations in code. This can be confusing and some believe it is best to always declare variables and functions before using them.

In ES6, block-level bindings (let and const) introduce a "temporal dead zone" where a ReferenceError will be thrown with any attempt to access the variable before its declaration.

Rule Details

This rule will warn when it encounters a reference to an identifier that has not yet been declared.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
alert(a);
var a = 10;
 
f();
function f() {}
 
function g() {
    return b;
}
var b = 1;
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    alert(c);
    let c = 1;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a;
a = 10;
alert(a);
 
function f() {}
f(1);
 
var b = 1;
function g() {
    return b;
}
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    let C;
    c++;
}

Options

{
    "no-use-before-define": ["error", { "functions": true, "classes": true }]
}

• functions (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks function declarations. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a function before the function declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references. Function declarations are hoisted, so it's safe. Default is true.
• classes (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks class declarations of upper scopes. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a class before the class declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references if the declaration is in upper function scopes. Class declarations are not hoisted, so it might be danger. Default is true.
• variables (boolean) - This flag determines whether or not the rule checks variable declarations in upper scopes. If this is true, the rule warns every reference to a variable before the variable declaration. Otherwise, the rule ignores a reference if the declaration is in an upper scope, while still reporting the reference if it's in the same scope as the declaration. Default is true.

This rule accepts "nofunc" string as an option. "nofunc" is the same as { "functions": false, "classes": true }.

functions

Examples of correct code for the { "functions": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "functions": false }]*/
 
f();
function f() {}

classes

Examples of incorrect code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
new A();
class A {
}

Examples of correct code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
function foo() {
    return new A();
}
 
class A {
}

variables

Examples of incorrect code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
console.log(foo);
var foo = 1;

Examples of correct code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
function baz() {
    console.log(foo);
}
 
var foo = 1;

Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

Disallow Early Use (no-use-before-define)

In JavaScript, prior to ES6, variable and function declarations are hoisted to the top of a scope, so it's possible to use identifiers before their formal declarations in code. This can be confusing and some believe it is best to always declare variables and functions before using them.

In ES6, block-level bindings (let and const) introduce a "temporal dead zone" where a ReferenceError will be thrown with any attempt to access the variable before its declaration.

Rule Details

This rule will warn when it encounters a reference to an identifier that has not yet been declared.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
alert(a);
var a = 10;
 
f();
function f() {}
 
function g() {
    return b;
}
var b = 1;
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    alert(c);
    let c = 1;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a;
a = 10;
alert(a);
 
function f() {}
f(1);
 
var b = 1;
function g() {
    return b;
}
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    let C;
    c++;
}

Options

{
    "no-use-before-define": ["error", { "functions": true, "classes": true }]
}

• functions (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks function declarations. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a function before the function declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references. Function declarations are hoisted, so it's safe. Default is true.
• classes (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks class declarations of upper scopes. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a class before the class declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references if the declaration is in upper function scopes. Class declarations are not hoisted, so it might be danger. Default is true.
• variables (boolean) - This flag determines whether or not the rule checks variable declarations in upper scopes. If this is true, the rule warns every reference to a variable before the variable declaration. Otherwise, the rule ignores a reference if the declaration is in an upper scope, while still reporting the reference if it's in the same scope as the declaration. Default is true.

This rule accepts "nofunc" string as an option. "nofunc" is the same as { "functions": false, "classes": true }.

functions

Examples of correct code for the { "functions": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "functions": false }]*/
 
f();
function f() {}

classes

Examples of incorrect code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
new A();
class A {
}

Examples of correct code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
function foo() {
    return new A();
}
 
class A {
}

variables

Examples of incorrect code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
console.log(foo);
var foo = 1;

Examples of correct code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
function baz() {
    console.log(foo);
}
 
var foo = 1;

Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

require let or const instead of var (no-var)

ECMAScript 6 allows programmers to create variables with block scope instead of function scope using the let and const keywords. Block scope is common in many other programming languages and helps programmers avoid mistakes such as:

var count = people.length;
var enoughFood = count > sandwiches.length;
 
if (enoughFood) {
    var count = sandwiches.length; // accidentally overriding the count variable
    console.log("We have " + count + " sandwiches for everyone. Plenty for all!");
}
 
// our count variable is no longer accurate
console.log("We have " + count + " people and " + sandwiches.length + " sandwiches!");

Rule Details

This rule is aimed at discouraging the use of var and encouraging the use of const or let instead.

Examples

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-var: "error"*/
 
var x = "y";
var CONFIG = {};

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-var: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
let x = "y";
const CONFIG = {};

When Not To Use It

In addition to non-ES6 environments, existing JavaScript projects that are beginning to introduce ES6 into their codebase may not want to apply this rule if the cost of migrating from var to let is too costly. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

Disallow Unused Variables (no-unused-vars)

Variables that are declared and not used anywhere in the code are most likely an error due to incomplete refactoring. Such variables take up space in the code and can lead to confusion by readers.

Rule Details

This rule is aimed at eliminating unused variables, functions, and parameters of functions.

A variable is considered to be used if any of the following are true:

• It represents a function that is called (doSomething())
• It is read (var y = x)
• It is passed into a function as an argument (doSomething(x))
• It is read inside of a function that is passed to another function (doSomething(function() { foo(); }))

A variable is not considered to be used if it is only ever assigned to (var x = 5) or declared.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: "error"*/
/*global some_unused_var*/
 
// It checks variables you have defined as global
some_unused_var = 42;
 
var x;
 
// Write-only variables are not considered as used.
var y = 10;
y = 5;
 
// A read for a modification of itself is not considered as used.
var z = 0;
z = z + 1;
 
// By default, unused arguments cause warnings.
(function(foo) {
    return 5;
})();
 
// Unused recursive functions also cause warnings.
function fact(n) {
    if (n < 2) return 1;
    return n * fact(n - 1);
}
 
// When a function definition destructures an array, unused entries from the array also cause warnings.
function getY([x, y]) {
    return y;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: "error"*/
 
var x = 10;
alert(x);
 
// foo is considered used here
myFunc(function foo() {
    // ...
}.bind(this));
 
(function(foo) {
    return foo;
})();
 
var myFunc;
myFunc = setTimeout(function() {
    // myFunc is considered used
    myFunc();
}, 50);
 
// Only the second argument from the descructured array is used.
function getY([, y]) {
    return y;
}

exported

In environments outside of CommonJS or ECMAScript modules, you may use var to create a global variable that may be used by other scripts. You can use the /* exported variableName */ comment block to indicate that this variable is being exported and therefore should not be considered unused.

Note that /* exported */ has no effect for any of the following:

• when the environment is node or commonjs
• when parserOptions.sourceType is module
• when ecmaFeatures.globalReturn is true

The line comment // exported variableName will not work as exported is not line-specific.

Examples of correct code for /* exported variableName */ operation:

/* exported global_var */
 
var global_var = 42;

Options

This rule takes one argument which can be a string or an object. The string settings are the same as those of the vars property (explained below).

By default this rule is enabled with all option for variables and after-used for arguments.

{
    "rules": {
        "no-unused-vars": ["error", { "vars": "all", "args": "after-used", "ignoreRestSiblings": false }]
    }
}

vars

The vars option has two settings:

• all checks all variables for usage, including those in the global scope. This is the default setting.
• local checks only that locally-declared variables are used but will allow global variables to be unused.

vars: local

Examples of correct code for the { "vars": "local" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "vars": "local" }]*/
/*global some_unused_var */
 
some_unused_var = 42;

varsIgnorePattern

The varsIgnorePattern option specifies exceptions not to check for usage: variables whose names match a regexp pattern. For example, variables whose names contain ignored or Ignored.

Examples of correct code for the { "varsIgnorePattern": "[iI]gnored" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "varsIgnorePattern": "[iI]gnored" }]*/
 
var firstVarIgnored = 1;
var secondVar = 2;
console.log(secondVar);

args

The args option has three settings:

• after-used - only the last argument must be used. This allows you, for instance, to have two named parameters to a function and as long as you use the second argument, ESLint will not warn you about the first. This is the default setting.
• all - all named arguments must be used.
• none - do not check arguments.

args: after-used

Examples of incorrect code for the default { "args": "after-used" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "args": "after-used" }]*/
 
// 1 error
// "baz" is defined but never used
(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return bar;
})();

Examples of correct code for the default { "args": "after-used" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", {"args": "after-used"}]*/
 
(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return baz;
})();

args: all

Examples of incorrect code for the { "args": "all" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "args": "all" }]*/
 
// 2 errors
// "foo" is defined but never used
// "baz" is defined but never used
(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return bar;
})();

args: none

Examples of correct code for the { "args": "none" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "args": "none" }]*/
 
(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return bar;
})();

ignoreRestSiblings

The ignoreRestSiblings option is a boolean (default: false). Using a Rest Property it is possible to "omit" properties from an object, but by default the sibling properties are marked as "unused". With this option enabled the rest property's siblings are ignored.

Examples of correct code for the { "ignoreRestSiblings": true } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "ignoreRestSiblings": true }]*/
// 'type' is ignored because it has a rest property sibling.
var { type, ...coords } = data;

argsIgnorePattern

The argsIgnorePattern option specifies exceptions not to check for usage: arguments whose names match a regexp pattern. For example, variables whose names begin with an underscore.

Examples of correct code for the { "argsIgnorePattern": "^_" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "argsIgnorePattern": "^_" }]*/
 
function foo(x, _y) {
    return x + 1;
}
foo();

caughtErrors

The caughtErrors option is used for catch block arguments validation.

It has two settings:

• none - do not check error objects. This is the default setting.
• all - all named arguments must be used.

caughtErrors: none

Not specifying this rule is equivalent of assigning it to none.

Examples of correct code for the { "caughtErrors": "none" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "caughtErrors": "none" }]*/
 
try {
    //...
} catch (err) {
    console.error("errors");
}

caughtErrors: all

Examples of incorrect code for the { "caughtErrors": "all" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "caughtErrors": "all" }]*/
 
// 1 error
// "err" is defined but never used
try {
    //...
} catch (err) {
    console.error("errors");
}

caughtErrorsIgnorePattern

The caughtErrorsIgnorePattern option specifies exceptions not to check for usage: catch arguments whose names match a regexp pattern. For example, variables whose names begin with a string 'ignore'.

Examples of correct code for the { "caughtErrorsIgnorePattern": "^ignore" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "caughtErrorsIgnorePattern": "^ignore" }]*/
 
try {
    //...
} catch (ignoreErr) {
    console.error("errors");
}

When Not To Use It

If you don't want to be notified about unused variables or function arguments, you can safely turn this rule off. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

enforce consistent indentation (indent)

There are several common guidelines which require specific indentation of nested blocks and statements, like:

function hello(indentSize, type) {
    if (indentSize === 4 && type !== 'tab') {
        console.log('Each next indentation will increase on 4 spaces');
    }
}

These are the most common scenarios recommended in different style guides:

• Two spaces, not longer and no tabs: Google, npm, Node.js, Idiomatic, Felix
• Tabs: jQuery
• Four spaces: Crockford

Rule Details

This rule enforces a consistent indentation style. The default style is 4 spaces.

Options

This rule has a mixed option:

For example, for 2-space indentation:

{
    "indent": ["error", 2]
}

Or for tabbed indentation:

{
    "indent": ["error", "tab"]
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default options:

/*eslint indent: "error"*/
 
if (a) {
  b=c;
  function foo(d) {
    e=f;
  }
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default options:

/*eslint indent: "error"*/
 
if (a) {
    b=c;
    function foo(d) {
        e=f;
    }
}

This rule has an object option:

• "SwitchCase" (default: 0) enforces indentation level for case clauses in switch statements
• "VariableDeclarator" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for var declarators; can also take an object to define separate rules for var, let and const declarations.
• "outerIIFEBody" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for file-level IIFEs.
• "MemberExpression" (off by default) enforces indentation level for multi-line property chains (except in variable declarations and assignments)
• "FunctionDeclaration" takes an object to define rules for function declarations.
  • parameters (off by default) enforces indentation level for parameters in a function declaration. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all parameters of the declaration must be aligned with the first parameter.
  • body (default: 1) enforces indentation level for the body of a function declaration.
• "FunctionExpression" takes an object to define rules for function expressions.
  • parameters (off by default) enforces indentation level for parameters in a function expression. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all parameters of the expression must be aligned with the first parameter.
  • body (default: 1) enforces indentation level for the body of a function expression.
• "CallExpression" takes an object to define rules for function call expressions.
  • arguments (off by default) enforces indentation level for arguments in a call expression. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all arguments of the expression must be aligned with the first argument.
• "ArrayExpression" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for elements in arrays. It can also be set to the string "first", indicating that all the elements in the array should be aligned with the first element.
• "ObjectExpression" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for properties in objects. It can be set to the string "first", indicating that all properties in the object should be aligned with the first property.

Level of indentation denotes the multiple of the indent specified. Example:

• Indent of 4 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 8 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to {"var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3} will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 4 spaces for var and let, 6 spaces for const statements.
• Indent of tab with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 2 tabs.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 0 will not indent case clauses with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 1 will indent case clauses with 2 spaces with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 2 will indent case clauses with 4 spaces with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of tab with SwitchCase set to 2 will indent case clauses with 2 tabs with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 0 will indent the multi-line property chains with 0 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 1 will indent the multi-line property chains with 2 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 2 will indent the multi-line property chains with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 0 will indent the multi-line property chains with 0 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 1 will indent the multi-line property chains with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 2 will indent the multi-line property chains with 8 spaces.

tab

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "tab" option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", "tab"]*/
 
if (a) {
     b=c;
function foo(d) {
           e=f;
 }
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "tab" option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", "tab"]*/
 
if (a) {
/*tab*/b=c;
/*tab*/function foo(d) {
/*tab*//*tab*/e=f;
/*tab*/}
}

SwitchCase

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 }]*/
 
switch(a){
case "a":
    break;
case "b":
    break;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 }]*/
 
switch(a){
  case "a":
    break;
  case "b":
    break;
}

VariableDeclarator

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
    b = 2,
    c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
  b,
  c;
let a,
  b,
  c;
const a = 1,
  b = 2,
  c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 2 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 2 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
    b = 2,
    c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": { "var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3 } } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": { "var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3 } }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
      b = 2,
      c = 3;

outerIIFEBody

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the options 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }]*/
 
(function() {
 
  function foo(x) {
    return x + 1;
  }
 
})();
 
 
if(y) {
console.log('foo');
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the options 2, {"outerIIFEBody": 0}:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }]*/
 
(function() {
 
function foo(x) {
  return x + 1;
}
 
})();
 
 
if(y) {
   console.log('foo');
}

MemberExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 }]*/
 
foo
.bar
.baz()

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 }]*/
 
foo
  .bar
  .baz();
 
// Any indentation is permitted in variable declarations and assignments.
var bip = aardvark.badger
                  .coyote;

FunctionDeclaration

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
function foo(bar,
  baz,
  qux) {
    qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
function foo(bar,
    baz,
    qux) {
  qux();
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
function foo(bar, baz,
  qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
function foo(bar, baz,
             qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

FunctionExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
var foo = function(bar,
  baz,
  qux) {
    qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
var foo = function(bar,
    baz,
    qux) {
  qux();
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
var foo = function(bar, baz,
  qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
var foo = function(bar, baz,
                   qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

CallExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} }]*/
 
foo(bar,
    baz,
      qux
);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} }]*/
 
foo(bar,
  baz,
  qux
);

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"}}]*/
 
foo(bar, baz,
  baz, boop, beep);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"}}]*/
 
foo(bar, baz,
    baz, boop, beep);

ArrayExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = [
    bar,
baz,
      qux
];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = [
  bar,
  baz,
  qux
];

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ArrayExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = [bar,
  baz,
  qux
];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ArrayExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = [bar,
           baz,
           qux
];

ObjectExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = {
    bar: 1,
baz: 2,
      qux: 3
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = {
  bar: 1,
  baz: 2,
  qux: 3
};

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ObjectExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = { bar: 1,
  baz: 2 };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ObjectExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = { bar: 1,
            baz: 2 };

Compatibility

• JSHint: indent
• JSCS: validateIndentation Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

Disallow Undeclared Variables (no-undef)

This rule can help you locate potential ReferenceErrors resulting from misspellings of variable and parameter names, or accidental implicit globals (for example, from forgetting the var keyword in a for loop initializer).

Rule Details

Any reference to an undeclared variable causes a warning, unless the variable is explicitly mentioned in a /*global ...*/ comment.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
 
var a = someFunction();
b = 10;

Examples of correct code for this rule with global declaration:

/*global someFunction b:true*/
/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
 
var a = someFunction();
b = 10;

The b:true syntax in /*global */ indicates that assignment to b is correct.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with global declaration:

/*global b*/
/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
 
b = 10;

By default, variables declared in /*global */ are read-only, therefore assignment is incorrect.

Options

• typeof set to true will warn for variables used inside typeof check (Default false).

typeof

Examples of correct code for the default { "typeof": false } option:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
 
if (typeof UndefinedIdentifier === "undefined") {
    // do something ...
}

You can use this option if you want to prevent typeof check on a variable which has not been declared.

Examples of incorrect code for the { "typeof": true } option:

/*eslint no-undef: ["error", { "typeof": true }] */
 
if(typeof a === "string"){}

Examples of correct code for the { "typeof": true } option with global declaration:

/*global a*/
/*eslint no-undef: ["error", { "typeof": true }] */
 
if(typeof a === "string"){}

Environments

For convenience, ESLint provides shortcuts that pre-define global variables exposed by popular libraries and runtime environments. This rule supports these environments, as listed in Specifying Environments. A few examples are given below.

browser

Examples of correct code for this rule with browser environment:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
/*eslint-env browser*/
 
setTimeout(function() {
    alert("Hello");
});

node

Examples of correct code for this rule with node environment:

/*eslint no-undef: "error"*/
/*eslint-env node*/
 
var fs = require("fs");
module.exports = function() {
    console.log(fs);
};

When Not To Use It

If explicit declaration of global variables is not to your taste.

Compatibility

This rule provides compatibility with treatment of global variables in JSHint and JSLint. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

Require Following Curly Brace Conventions (curly)

JavaScript allows the omission of curly braces when a block contains only one statement. However, it is considered by many to be best practice to never omit curly braces around blocks, even when they are optional, because it can lead to bugs and reduces code clarity. So the following:

if (foo) foo++;

Can be rewritten as:

if (foo) {
    foo++;
}

There are, however, some who prefer to only use braces when there is more than one statement to be executed.

Rule Details

This rule is aimed at preventing bugs and increasing code clarity by ensuring that block statements are wrapped in curly braces. It will warn when it encounters blocks that omit curly braces.

Options

all

Examples of incorrect code for the default "all" option:

/*eslint curly: "error"*/
 
if (foo) foo++;
 
while (bar)
    baz();
 
if (foo) {
    baz();
} else qux();

Examples of correct code for the default "all" option:

/*eslint curly: "error"*/
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
while (bar) {
    baz();
}
 
if (foo) {
    baz();
} else {
    qux();
}

multi

By default, this rule warns whenever if, else, for, while, or do are used without block statements as their body. However, you can specify that block statements should be used only when there are multiple statements in the block and warn when there is only one statement in the block.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi"]*/
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
if (foo) bar();
else {
    foo++;
}
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
}
 
for (var i=0; i < items.length; i++) {
    doSomething();
}

Examples of correct code for the "multi" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi"]*/
 
if (foo) foo++;
 
else foo();
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
    doSomethingElse();
}

multi-line

Alternatively, you can relax the rule to allow brace-less single-line if, else if, else, for, while, or do, while still enforcing the use of curly braces for other instances.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi-line" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-line"]*/
 
if (foo)
  doSomething();
else
  doSomethingElse();
 
if (foo) foo(
  bar,
  baz);

Examples of correct code for the "multi-line" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-line"]*/
 
if (foo) foo++; else doSomething();
 
if (foo) foo++;
else if (bar) baz()
else doSomething();
 
do something();
while (foo);
 
while (foo
  && bar) baz();
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
if (foo) { foo++; }
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
    doSomethingElse();
}

multi-or-nest

You can use another configuration that forces brace-less if, else if, else, for, while, or do if their body contains only one single-line statement. And forces braces in all other cases.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi-or-nest" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-or-nest"]*/
 
if (!foo)
    foo = {
        bar: baz,
        qux: foo
    };
 
while (true)
  if(foo)
      doSomething();
  else
      doSomethingElse();
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
}
 
for (var i = 0; foo; i++) {
    doSomething();
}
 
if (foo)
    // some comment
    bar();

Examples of correct code for the "multi-or-nest" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-or-nest"]*/
 
if (!foo) {
    foo = {
        bar: baz,
        qux: foo
    };
}
 
while (true) {
  if(foo)
      doSomething();
  else
      doSomethingElse();
}
 
if (foo)
    foo++;
 
while (true)
    doSomething();
 
for (var i = 0; foo; i++)
    doSomething();
 
if (foo) {
    // some comment
    bar();
}

consistent

When using any of the multi* options, you can add an option to enforce all bodies of a if, else if and else chain to be with or without braces.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi", "consistent" options:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi", "consistent"]*/
 
if (foo) {
    bar();
    baz();
} else
    buz();
 
if (foo)
    bar();
else if (faa)
    bor();
else {
    other();
    things();
}
 
if (true)
    foo();
else {
    baz();
}
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}

Examples of correct code for the "multi", "consistent" options:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi", "consistent"]*/
 
if (foo) {
    bar();
    baz();
} else {
    buz();
}
 
if (foo) {
    bar();
} else if (faa) {
    bor();
} else {
    other();
    things();
}
 
if (true)
    foo();
else
    baz();
 
if (foo)
    foo++;

When Not To Use It

If you have no strict conventions about when to use block statements and when not to, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

Disallow Early Use (no-use-before-define)

In JavaScript, prior to ES6, variable and function declarations are hoisted to the top of a scope, so it's possible to use identifiers before their formal declarations in code. This can be confusing and some believe it is best to always declare variables and functions before using them.

In ES6, block-level bindings (let and const) introduce a "temporal dead zone" where a ReferenceError will be thrown with any attempt to access the variable before its declaration.

Rule Details

This rule will warn when it encounters a reference to an identifier that has not yet been declared.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
alert(a);
var a = 10;
 
f();
function f() {}
 
function g() {
    return b;
}
var b = 1;
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    alert(c);
    let c = 1;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a;
a = 10;
alert(a);
 
function f() {}
f(1);
 
var b = 1;
function g() {
    return b;
}
 
// With blockBindings: true
{
    let C;
    c++;
}

Options

{
    "no-use-before-define": ["error", { "functions": true, "classes": true }]
}

• functions (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks function declarations. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a function before the function declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references. Function declarations are hoisted, so it's safe. Default is true.
• classes (boolean) - The flag which shows whether or not this rule checks class declarations of upper scopes. If this is true, this rule warns every reference to a class before the class declaration. Otherwise, ignores those references if the declaration is in upper function scopes. Class declarations are not hoisted, so it might be danger. Default is true.
• variables (boolean) - This flag determines whether or not the rule checks variable declarations in upper scopes. If this is true, the rule warns every reference to a variable before the variable declaration. Otherwise, the rule ignores a reference if the declaration is in an upper scope, while still reporting the reference if it's in the same scope as the declaration. Default is true.

This rule accepts "nofunc" string as an option. "nofunc" is the same as { "functions": false, "classes": true }.

functions

Examples of correct code for the { "functions": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "functions": false }]*/
 
f();
function f() {}

classes

Examples of incorrect code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
new A();
class A {
}

Examples of correct code for the { "classes": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "classes": false }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
function foo() {
    return new A();
}
 
class A {
}

variables

Examples of incorrect code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
console.log(foo);
var foo = 1;

Examples of correct code for the { "variables": false } option:

/*eslint no-use-before-define: ["error", { "variables": false }]*/
 
function baz() {
    console.log(foo);
}
 
var foo = 1;

Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

Require Following Curly Brace Conventions (curly)

JavaScript allows the omission of curly braces when a block contains only one statement. However, it is considered by many to be best practice to never omit curly braces around blocks, even when they are optional, because it can lead to bugs and reduces code clarity. So the following:

if (foo) foo++;

Can be rewritten as:

if (foo) {
    foo++;
}

There are, however, some who prefer to only use braces when there is more than one statement to be executed.

Rule Details

This rule is aimed at preventing bugs and increasing code clarity by ensuring that block statements are wrapped in curly braces. It will warn when it encounters blocks that omit curly braces.

Options

all

Examples of incorrect code for the default "all" option:

/*eslint curly: "error"*/
 
if (foo) foo++;
 
while (bar)
    baz();
 
if (foo) {
    baz();
} else qux();

Examples of correct code for the default "all" option:

/*eslint curly: "error"*/
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
while (bar) {
    baz();
}
 
if (foo) {
    baz();
} else {
    qux();
}

multi

By default, this rule warns whenever if, else, for, while, or do are used without block statements as their body. However, you can specify that block statements should be used only when there are multiple statements in the block and warn when there is only one statement in the block.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi"]*/
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
if (foo) bar();
else {
    foo++;
}
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
}
 
for (var i=0; i < items.length; i++) {
    doSomething();
}

Examples of correct code for the "multi" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi"]*/
 
if (foo) foo++;
 
else foo();
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
    doSomethingElse();
}

multi-line

Alternatively, you can relax the rule to allow brace-less single-line if, else if, else, for, while, or do, while still enforcing the use of curly braces for other instances.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi-line" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-line"]*/
 
if (foo)
  doSomething();
else
  doSomethingElse();
 
if (foo) foo(
  bar,
  baz);

Examples of correct code for the "multi-line" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-line"]*/
 
if (foo) foo++; else doSomething();
 
if (foo) foo++;
else if (bar) baz()
else doSomething();
 
do something();
while (foo);
 
while (foo
  && bar) baz();
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
if (foo) { foo++; }
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
    doSomethingElse();
}

multi-or-nest

You can use another configuration that forces brace-less if, else if, else, for, while, or do if their body contains only one single-line statement. And forces braces in all other cases.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi-or-nest" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-or-nest"]*/
 
if (!foo)
    foo = {
        bar: baz,
        qux: foo
    };
 
while (true)
  if(foo)
      doSomething();
  else
      doSomethingElse();
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}
 
while (true) {
    doSomething();
}
 
for (var i = 0; foo; i++) {
    doSomething();
}
 
if (foo)
    // some comment
    bar();

Examples of correct code for the "multi-or-nest" option:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi-or-nest"]*/
 
if (!foo) {
    foo = {
        bar: baz,
        qux: foo
    };
}
 
while (true) {
  if(foo)
      doSomething();
  else
      doSomethingElse();
}
 
if (foo)
    foo++;
 
while (true)
    doSomething();
 
for (var i = 0; foo; i++)
    doSomething();
 
if (foo) {
    // some comment
    bar();
}

consistent

When using any of the multi* options, you can add an option to enforce all bodies of a if, else if and else chain to be with or without braces.

Examples of incorrect code for the "multi", "consistent" options:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi", "consistent"]*/
 
if (foo) {
    bar();
    baz();
} else
    buz();
 
if (foo)
    bar();
else if (faa)
    bor();
else {
    other();
    things();
}
 
if (true)
    foo();
else {
    baz();
}
 
if (foo) {
    foo++;
}

Examples of correct code for the "multi", "consistent" options:

/*eslint curly: ["error", "multi", "consistent"]*/
 
if (foo) {
    bar();
    baz();
} else {
    buz();
}
 
if (foo) {
    bar();
} else if (faa) {
    bor();
} else {
    other();
    things();
}
 
if (true)
    foo();
else
    baz();
 
if (foo)
    foo++;

When Not To Use It

If you have no strict conventions about when to use block statements and when not to, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

require spacing around infix operators (space-infix-ops)

While formatting preferences are very personal, a number of style guides require spaces around operators, such as:

var sum = 1 + 2;

The proponents of these extra spaces believe it make the code easier to read and can more easily highlight potential errors, such as:

var sum = i+++2;

While this is valid JavaScript syntax, it is hard to determine what the author intended.

Rule Details

This rule is aimed at ensuring there are spaces around infix operators.

Options

This rule accepts a single options argument with the following defaults:

"space-infix-ops": ["error", {"int32Hint": false}]

int32Hint

Set the int32Hint option to true (default is false) to allow write a|0 without space.

var foo = bar|0; // `foo` is forced to be signed 32 bit integer

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint space-infix-ops: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
a+b
 
a+ b
 
a +b
 
a?b:c
 
const a={b:1};
 
var {a=0}=bar;
 
function foo(a=0) { }

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint space-infix-ops: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
a + b
 
a       + b
 
a ? b : c
 
const a = {b:1};
 
var {a = 0} = bar;
 
function foo(a = 0) { }

Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

disallow bitwise operators (no-bitwise)

The use of bitwise operators in JavaScript is very rare and often & or | is simply a mistyped && or ||, which will lead to unexpected behavior.

var x = y | z;

Rule Details

This rule disallows bitwise operators.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-bitwise: "error"*/
 
var x = y | z;
 
var x = y & z;
 
var x = y ^ z;
 
var x = ~ z;
 
var x = y << z;
 
var x = y >> z;
 
var x = y >>> z;
 
x |= y;
 
x &= y;
 
x ^= y;
 
x <<= y;
 
x >>= y;
 
x >>>= y;

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-bitwise: "error"*/
 
var x = y || z;
 
var x = y && z;
 
var x = y > z;
 
var x = y < z;
 
x += y;

Options

This rule has an object option:

• "allow": Allows a list of bitwise operators to be used as exceptions.
• "int32Hint": Allows the use of bitwise OR in |0 pattern for type casting.

allow

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "allow": ["~"] } option:

/*eslint no-bitwise: ["error", { "allow": ["~"] }] */
 
~[1,2,3].indexOf(1) === -1;

int32Hint

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "int32Hint": true } option:

/*eslint no-bitwise: ["error", { "int32Hint": true }] */
 
var b = a|0;

Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

enforce consistent indentation (indent)

There are several common guidelines which require specific indentation of nested blocks and statements, like:

function hello(indentSize, type) {
    if (indentSize === 4 && type !== 'tab') {
        console.log('Each next indentation will increase on 4 spaces');
    }
}

These are the most common scenarios recommended in different style guides:

• Two spaces, not longer and no tabs: Google, npm, Node.js, Idiomatic, Felix
• Tabs: jQuery
• Four spaces: Crockford

Rule Details

This rule enforces a consistent indentation style. The default style is 4 spaces.

Options

This rule has a mixed option:

For example, for 2-space indentation:

{
    "indent": ["error", 2]
}

Or for tabbed indentation:

{
    "indent": ["error", "tab"]
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default options:

/*eslint indent: "error"*/
 
if (a) {
  b=c;
  function foo(d) {
    e=f;
  }
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default options:

/*eslint indent: "error"*/
 
if (a) {
    b=c;
    function foo(d) {
        e=f;
    }
}

This rule has an object option:

• "SwitchCase" (default: 0) enforces indentation level for case clauses in switch statements
• "VariableDeclarator" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for var declarators; can also take an object to define separate rules for var, let and const declarations.
• "outerIIFEBody" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for file-level IIFEs.
• "MemberExpression" (off by default) enforces indentation level for multi-line property chains (except in variable declarations and assignments)
• "FunctionDeclaration" takes an object to define rules for function declarations.
  • parameters (off by default) enforces indentation level for parameters in a function declaration. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all parameters of the declaration must be aligned with the first parameter.
  • body (default: 1) enforces indentation level for the body of a function declaration.
• "FunctionExpression" takes an object to define rules for function expressions.
  • parameters (off by default) enforces indentation level for parameters in a function expression. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all parameters of the expression must be aligned with the first parameter.
  • body (default: 1) enforces indentation level for the body of a function expression.
• "CallExpression" takes an object to define rules for function call expressions.
  • arguments (off by default) enforces indentation level for arguments in a call expression. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all arguments of the expression must be aligned with the first argument.
• "ArrayExpression" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for elements in arrays. It can also be set to the string "first", indicating that all the elements in the array should be aligned with the first element.
• "ObjectExpression" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for properties in objects. It can be set to the string "first", indicating that all properties in the object should be aligned with the first property.

Level of indentation denotes the multiple of the indent specified. Example:

• Indent of 4 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 8 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to {"var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3} will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 4 spaces for var and let, 6 spaces for const statements.
• Indent of tab with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 2 tabs.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 0 will not indent case clauses with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 1 will indent case clauses with 2 spaces with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 2 will indent case clauses with 4 spaces with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of tab with SwitchCase set to 2 will indent case clauses with 2 tabs with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 0 will indent the multi-line property chains with 0 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 1 will indent the multi-line property chains with 2 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 2 will indent the multi-line property chains with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 0 will indent the multi-line property chains with 0 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 1 will indent the multi-line property chains with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 2 will indent the multi-line property chains with 8 spaces.

tab

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "tab" option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", "tab"]*/
 
if (a) {
     b=c;
function foo(d) {
           e=f;
 }
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "tab" option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", "tab"]*/
 
if (a) {
/*tab*/b=c;
/*tab*/function foo(d) {
/*tab*//*tab*/e=f;
/*tab*/}
}

SwitchCase

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 }]*/
 
switch(a){
case "a":
    break;
case "b":
    break;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 }]*/
 
switch(a){
  case "a":
    break;
  case "b":
    break;
}

VariableDeclarator

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
    b = 2,
    c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
  b,
  c;
let a,
  b,
  c;
const a = 1,
  b = 2,
  c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 2 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 2 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
    b = 2,
    c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": { "var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3 } } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": { "var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3 } }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
      b = 2,
      c = 3;

outerIIFEBody

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the options 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }]*/
 
(function() {
 
  function foo(x) {
    return x + 1;
  }
 
})();
 
 
if(y) {
console.log('foo');
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the options 2, {"outerIIFEBody": 0}:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }]*/
 
(function() {
 
function foo(x) {
  return x + 1;
}
 
})();
 
 
if(y) {
   console.log('foo');
}

MemberExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 }]*/
 
foo
.bar
.baz()

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 }]*/
 
foo
  .bar
  .baz();
 
// Any indentation is permitted in variable declarations and assignments.
var bip = aardvark.badger
                  .coyote;

FunctionDeclaration

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
function foo(bar,
  baz,
  qux) {
    qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
function foo(bar,
    baz,
    qux) {
  qux();
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
function foo(bar, baz,
  qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
function foo(bar, baz,
             qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

FunctionExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
var foo = function(bar,
  baz,
  qux) {
    qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
var foo = function(bar,
    baz,
    qux) {
  qux();
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
var foo = function(bar, baz,
  qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
var foo = function(bar, baz,
                   qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

CallExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} }]*/
 
foo(bar,
    baz,
      qux
);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} }]*/
 
foo(bar,
  baz,
  qux
);

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"}}]*/
 
foo(bar, baz,
  baz, boop, beep);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"}}]*/
 
foo(bar, baz,
    baz, boop, beep);

ArrayExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = [
    bar,
baz,
      qux
];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = [
  bar,
  baz,
  qux
];

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ArrayExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = [bar,
  baz,
  qux
];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ArrayExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = [bar,
           baz,
           qux
];

ObjectExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = {
    bar: 1,
baz: 2,
      qux: 3
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = {
  bar: 1,
  baz: 2,
  qux: 3
};

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ObjectExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = { bar: 1,
  baz: 2 };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ObjectExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = { bar: 1,
            baz: 2 };

Compatibility

• JSHint: indent
• JSCS: validateIndentation Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Close

enforce consistent indentation (indent)

There are several common guidelines which require specific indentation of nested blocks and statements, like:

function hello(indentSize, type) {
    if (indentSize === 4 && type !== 'tab') {
        console.log('Each next indentation will increase on 4 spaces');
    }
}

These are the most common scenarios recommended in different style guides:

• Two spaces, not longer and no tabs: Google, npm, Node.js, Idiomatic, Felix
• Tabs: jQuery
• Four spaces: Crockford

Rule Details

This rule enforces a consistent indentation style. The default style is 4 spaces.

Options

This rule has a mixed option:

For example, for 2-space indentation:

{
    "indent": ["error", 2]
}

Or for tabbed indentation:

{
    "indent": ["error", "tab"]
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default options:

/*eslint indent: "error"*/
 
if (a) {
  b=c;
  function foo(d) {
    e=f;
  }
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default options:

/*eslint indent: "error"*/
 
if (a) {
    b=c;
    function foo(d) {
        e=f;
    }
}

This rule has an object option:

• "SwitchCase" (default: 0) enforces indentation level for case clauses in switch statements
• "VariableDeclarator" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for var declarators; can also take an object to define separate rules for var, let and const declarations.
• "outerIIFEBody" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for file-level IIFEs.
• "MemberExpression" (off by default) enforces indentation level for multi-line property chains (except in variable declarations and assignments)
• "FunctionDeclaration" takes an object to define rules for function declarations.
  • parameters (off by default) enforces indentation level for parameters in a function declaration. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all parameters of the declaration must be aligned with the first parameter.
  • body (default: 1) enforces indentation level for the body of a function declaration.
• "FunctionExpression" takes an object to define rules for function expressions.
  • parameters (off by default) enforces indentation level for parameters in a function expression. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all parameters of the expression must be aligned with the first parameter.
  • body (default: 1) enforces indentation level for the body of a function expression.
• "CallExpression" takes an object to define rules for function call expressions.
  • arguments (off by default) enforces indentation level for arguments in a call expression. This can either be a number indicating indentation level, or the string "first" indicating that all arguments of the expression must be aligned with the first argument.
• "ArrayExpression" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for elements in arrays. It can also be set to the string "first", indicating that all the elements in the array should be aligned with the first element.
• "ObjectExpression" (default: 1) enforces indentation level for properties in objects. It can be set to the string "first", indicating that all properties in the object should be aligned with the first property.

Level of indentation denotes the multiple of the indent specified. Example:

• Indent of 4 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 8 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with VariableDeclarator set to {"var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3} will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 4 spaces for var and let, 6 spaces for const statements.
• Indent of tab with VariableDeclarator set to 2 will indent the multi-line variable declarations with 2 tabs.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 0 will not indent case clauses with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 1 will indent case clauses with 2 spaces with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with SwitchCase set to 2 will indent case clauses with 4 spaces with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of tab with SwitchCase set to 2 will indent case clauses with 2 tabs with respect to switch statements.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 0 will indent the multi-line property chains with 0 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 1 will indent the multi-line property chains with 2 spaces.
• Indent of 2 spaces with MemberExpression set to 2 will indent the multi-line property chains with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 0 will indent the multi-line property chains with 0 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 1 will indent the multi-line property chains with 4 spaces.
• Indent of 4 spaces with MemberExpression set to 2 will indent the multi-line property chains with 8 spaces.

tab

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "tab" option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", "tab"]*/
 
if (a) {
     b=c;
function foo(d) {
           e=f;
 }
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "tab" option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", "tab"]*/
 
if (a) {
/*tab*/b=c;
/*tab*/function foo(d) {
/*tab*//*tab*/e=f;
/*tab*/}
}

SwitchCase

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 }]*/
 
switch(a){
case "a":
    break;
case "b":
    break;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "SwitchCase": 1 }]*/
 
switch(a){
  case "a":
    break;
  case "b":
    break;
}

VariableDeclarator

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
    b = 2,
    c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 1 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
  b,
  c;
let a,
  b,
  c;
const a = 1,
  b = 2,
  c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 2 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": 2 }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
    b = 2,
    c = 3;

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "VariableDeclarator": { "var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3 } } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "VariableDeclarator": { "var": 2, "let": 2, "const": 3 } }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/
 
var a,
    b,
    c;
let a,
    b,
    c;
const a = 1,
      b = 2,
      c = 3;

outerIIFEBody

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the options 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }]*/
 
(function() {
 
  function foo(x) {
    return x + 1;
  }
 
})();
 
 
if(y) {
console.log('foo');
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the options 2, {"outerIIFEBody": 0}:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "outerIIFEBody": 0 }]*/
 
(function() {
 
function foo(x) {
  return x + 1;
}
 
})();
 
 
if(y) {
   console.log('foo');
}

MemberExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 } options:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 }]*/
 
foo
.bar
.baz()

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "MemberExpression": 1 }]*/
 
foo
  .bar
  .baz();
 
// Any indentation is permitted in variable declarations and assignments.
var bip = aardvark.badger
                  .coyote;

FunctionDeclaration

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
function foo(bar,
  baz,
  qux) {
    qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
function foo(bar,
    baz,
    qux) {
  qux();
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
function foo(bar, baz,
  qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
function foo(bar, baz,
             qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

FunctionExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
var foo = function(bar,
  baz,
  qux) {
    qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"body": 1, "parameters": 2} }]*/
 
var foo = function(bar,
    baz,
    qux) {
  qux();
}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
var foo = function(bar, baz,
  qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"}}]*/
 
var foo = function(bar, baz,
                   qux, boop) {
  qux();
}

CallExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} }]*/
 
foo(bar,
    baz,
      qux
);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": 1} }]*/
 
foo(bar,
  baz,
  qux
);

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"}}]*/
 
foo(bar, baz,
  baz, boop, beep);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"} } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"}}]*/
 
foo(bar, baz,
    baz, boop, beep);

ArrayExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = [
    bar,
baz,
      qux
];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ArrayExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = [
  bar,
  baz,
  qux
];

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ArrayExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = [bar,
  baz,
  qux
];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ArrayExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ArrayExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = [bar,
           baz,
           qux
];

ObjectExpression

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = {
    bar: 1,
baz: 2,
      qux: 3
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, { "ObjectExpression": 1 }]*/
 
var foo = {
  bar: 1,
  baz: 2,
  qux: 3
};

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ObjectExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = { bar: 1,
  baz: 2 };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the 2, { "ObjectExpression": "first" } option:

/*eslint indent: ["error", 2, {"ObjectExpression": "first"}]*/
 
var foo = { bar: 1,
            baz: 2 };

Compatibility

• JSHint: indent
• JSCS: validateIndentation Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/