This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.

This cop checks that the cyclomatic complexity of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The cyclomatic complexity is the number of linearly independent paths through a method. The algorithm counts decision points and adds one.

An if statement (or unless or ?:) increases the complexity by one. An else branch does not, since it doesn't add a decision point. The && operator (or keyword and) can be converted to a nested if statement, and ||/or is shorthand for a sequence of ifs, so they also add one. Loops can be said to have an exit condition, so they add one.

Cognitive Complexity

Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

• Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
• Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
• Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

Further reading

• Cognitive Complexity docs
• Cognitive Complexity: A new way of measuring understandability

Cognitive Complexity

Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

• Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
• Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
• Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

Further reading

• Cognitive Complexity docs
• Cognitive Complexity: A new way of measuring understandability

This cop checks for non-local exits from iterators without a return value. It registers an offense under these conditions:

• No value is returned,
• the block is preceded by a method chain,
• the block has arguments,
• the method which receives the block is not define_method or define_singleton_method,
• the return is not contained in an inner scope, e.g. a lambda or a method definition.

Example:

class ItemApi
  rescue_from ValidationError do |e| # non-iteration block with arg
    return { message: 'validation error' } unless e.errors # allowed
    error_array = e.errors.map do |error| # block with method chain
      return if error.suppress? # warned
      return "#{error.param}: invalid" unless error.message # allowed
      "#{error.param}: #{error.message}"
    end
    { message: 'validation error', errors: error_array }
  end

  def update_items
    transaction do # block without arguments
      return unless update_necessary? # allowed
      find_each do |item| # block without method chain
        return if item.stock == 0 # false-negative...
        item.update!(foobar: true)
      end
    end
  end
end

This cop checks for redundant access modifiers, including those with no code, those which are repeated, and leading public modifiers in a class or module body. Conditionally-defined methods are considered as always being defined, and thus access modifiers guarding such methods are not redundant.

Example:

class Foo
  public # this is redundant (default access is public)

  def method
  end

  private # this is not redundant (a method is defined)
  def method2
  end

  private # this is redundant (no following methods are defined)
end

Example:

class Foo
  # The following is not redundant (conditionally defined methods are
  # considered as always defining a method)
  private

  if condition?
    def method
    end
  end

  protected # this is not redundant (method is defined)

  define_method(:method2) do
  end

  protected # this is redundant (repeated from previous modifier)

  [1,2,3].each do |i|
    define_method("foo#{i}") do
    end
  end

  # The following is redundant (methods defined on the class'
  # singleton class are not affected by the public modifier)
  public

  def self.method3
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   ContextCreatingMethods:
#     - concerning
require 'active_support/concern'
class Foo
  concerning :Bar do
    def some_public_method
    end

    private

    def some_private_method
    end
  end

  # this is not redundant because `concerning` created its own context
  private

  def some_other_private_method
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   MethodCreatingMethods:
#     - delegate
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
class Foo
  # this is not redundant because `delegate` creates methods
  private

  delegate :method_a, to: :method_b
end

This cop checks for redundant access modifiers, including those with no code, those which are repeated, and leading public modifiers in a class or module body. Conditionally-defined methods are considered as always being defined, and thus access modifiers guarding such methods are not redundant.

Example:

class Foo
  public # this is redundant (default access is public)

  def method
  end

  private # this is not redundant (a method is defined)
  def method2
  end

  private # this is redundant (no following methods are defined)
end

Example:

class Foo
  # The following is not redundant (conditionally defined methods are
  # considered as always defining a method)
  private

  if condition?
    def method
    end
  end

  protected # this is not redundant (method is defined)

  define_method(:method2) do
  end

  protected # this is redundant (repeated from previous modifier)

  [1,2,3].each do |i|
    define_method("foo#{i}") do
    end
  end

  # The following is redundant (methods defined on the class'
  # singleton class are not affected by the public modifier)
  public

  def self.method3
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   ContextCreatingMethods:
#     - concerning
require 'active_support/concern'
class Foo
  concerning :Bar do
    def some_public_method
    end

    private

    def some_private_method
    end
  end

  # this is not redundant because `concerning` created its own context
  private

  def some_other_private_method
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   MethodCreatingMethods:
#     - delegate
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
class Foo
  # this is not redundant because `delegate` creates methods
  private

  delegate :method_a, to: :method_b
end

This cop checks for non-local exits from iterators without a return value. It registers an offense under these conditions:

• No value is returned,
• the block is preceded by a method chain,
• the block has arguments,
• the method which receives the block is not define_method or define_singleton_method,
• the return is not contained in an inner scope, e.g. a lambda or a method definition.

Example:

class ItemApi
  rescue_from ValidationError do |e| # non-iteration block with arg
    return { message: 'validation error' } unless e.errors # allowed
    error_array = e.errors.map do |error| # block with method chain
      return if error.suppress? # warned
      return "#{error.param}: invalid" unless error.message # allowed
      "#{error.param}: #{error.message}"
    end
    { message: 'validation error', errors: error_array }
  end

  def update_items
    transaction do # block without arguments
      return unless update_necessary? # allowed
      find_each do |item| # block without method chain
        return if item.stock == 0 # false-negative...
        item.update!(foobar: true)
      end
    end
  end
end

This cop checks for redundant access modifiers, including those with no code, those which are repeated, and leading public modifiers in a class or module body. Conditionally-defined methods are considered as always being defined, and thus access modifiers guarding such methods are not redundant.

Example:

class Foo
  public # this is redundant (default access is public)

  def method
  end

  private # this is not redundant (a method is defined)
  def method2
  end

  private # this is redundant (no following methods are defined)
end

Example:

class Foo
  # The following is not redundant (conditionally defined methods are
  # considered as always defining a method)
  private

  if condition?
    def method
    end
  end

  protected # this is not redundant (method is defined)

  define_method(:method2) do
  end

  protected # this is redundant (repeated from previous modifier)

  [1,2,3].each do |i|
    define_method("foo#{i}") do
    end
  end

  # The following is redundant (methods defined on the class'
  # singleton class are not affected by the public modifier)
  public

  def self.method3
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   ContextCreatingMethods:
#     - concerning
require 'active_support/concern'
class Foo
  concerning :Bar do
    def some_public_method
    end

    private

    def some_private_method
    end
  end

  # this is not redundant because `concerning` created its own context
  private

  def some_other_private_method
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   MethodCreatingMethods:
#     - delegate
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
class Foo
  # this is not redundant because `delegate` creates methods
  private

  delegate :method_a, to: :method_b
end

This cop checks for redundant access modifiers, including those with no code, those which are repeated, and leading public modifiers in a class or module body. Conditionally-defined methods are considered as always being defined, and thus access modifiers guarding such methods are not redundant.

Example:

class Foo
  public # this is redundant (default access is public)

  def method
  end

  private # this is not redundant (a method is defined)
  def method2
  end

  private # this is redundant (no following methods are defined)
end

Example:

class Foo
  # The following is not redundant (conditionally defined methods are
  # considered as always defining a method)
  private

  if condition?
    def method
    end
  end

  protected # this is not redundant (method is defined)

  define_method(:method2) do
  end

  protected # this is redundant (repeated from previous modifier)

  [1,2,3].each do |i|
    define_method("foo#{i}") do
    end
  end

  # The following is redundant (methods defined on the class'
  # singleton class are not affected by the public modifier)
  public

  def self.method3
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   ContextCreatingMethods:
#     - concerning
require 'active_support/concern'
class Foo
  concerning :Bar do
    def some_public_method
    end

    private

    def some_private_method
    end
  end

  # this is not redundant because `concerning` created its own context
  private

  def some_other_private_method
  end
end

Example:

# Lint/UselessAccessModifier:
#   MethodCreatingMethods:
#     - delegate
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
class Foo
  # this is not redundant because `delegate` creates methods
  private

  delegate :method_a, to: :method_b
end

This cop checks for non-local exits from iterators without a return value. It registers an offense under these conditions:

• No value is returned,
• the block is preceded by a method chain,
• the block has arguments,
• the method which receives the block is not define_method or define_singleton_method,
• the return is not contained in an inner scope, e.g. a lambda or a method definition.

Example:

class ItemApi
  rescue_from ValidationError do |e| # non-iteration block with arg
    return { message: 'validation error' } unless e.errors # allowed
    error_array = e.errors.map do |error| # block with method chain
      return if error.suppress? # warned
      return "#{error.param}: invalid" unless error.message # allowed
      "#{error.param}: #{error.message}"
    end
    { message: 'validation error', errors: error_array }
  end

  def update_items
    transaction do # block without arguments
      return unless update_necessary? # allowed
      find_each do |item| # block without method chain
        return if item.stock == 0 # false-negative...
        item.update!(foobar: true)
      end
    end
  end
end

This cop checks for non-local exits from iterators without a return value. It registers an offense under these conditions:

• No value is returned,
• the block is preceded by a method chain,
• the block has arguments,
• the method which receives the block is not define_method or define_singleton_method,
• the return is not contained in an inner scope, e.g. a lambda or a method definition.

Example:

class ItemApi
  rescue_from ValidationError do |e| # non-iteration block with arg
    return { message: 'validation error' } unless e.errors # allowed
    error_array = e.errors.map do |error| # block with method chain
      return if error.suppress? # warned
      return "#{error.param}: invalid" unless error.message # allowed
      "#{error.param}: #{error.message}"
    end
    { message: 'validation error', errors: error_array }
  end

  def update_items
    transaction do # block without arguments
      return unless update_necessary? # allowed
      find_each do |item| # block without method chain
        return if item.stock == 0 # false-negative...
        item.update!(foobar: true)
      end
    end
  end
end

This cop checks for non-local exits from iterators without a return value. It registers an offense under these conditions:

• No value is returned,
• the block is preceded by a method chain,
• the block has arguments,
• the method which receives the block is not define_method or define_singleton_method,
• the return is not contained in an inner scope, e.g. a lambda or a method definition.

Example:

class ItemApi
  rescue_from ValidationError do |e| # non-iteration block with arg
    return { message: 'validation error' } unless e.errors # allowed
    error_array = e.errors.map do |error| # block with method chain
      return if error.suppress? # warned
      return "#{error.param}: invalid" unless error.message # allowed
      "#{error.param}: #{error.message}"
    end
    { message: 'validation error', errors: error_array }
  end

  def update_items
    transaction do # block without arguments
      return unless update_necessary? # allowed
      find_each do |item| # block without method chain
        return if item.stock == 0 # false-negative...
        item.update!(foobar: true)
      end
    end
  end
end

This cop checks for every useless assignment to local variable in every scope. The basic idea for this cop was from the warning of ruby -cw:

assigned but unused variable - foo

Currently this cop has advanced logic that detects unreferenced reassignments and properly handles varied cases such as branch, loop, rescue, ensure, etc.

Example:

# bad

def some_method
  some_var = 1
  do_something
end

Example:

# good

def some_method
  some_var = 1
  do_something(some_var)
end