django/core/serializers/base.py
"""
Module for abstract serializer/unserializer base classes.
"""
from io import StringIO
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.db import models
DEFER_FIELD = object()
class SerializerDoesNotExist(KeyError):
"""The requested serializer was not found."""
pass
class SerializationError(Exception):
"""Something bad happened during serialization."""
pass
class DeserializationError(Exception):
"""Something bad happened during deserialization."""
@classmethod
def WithData(cls, original_exc, model, fk, field_value):
"""
Factory method for creating a deserialization error which has a more
explanatory message.
"""
return cls(
"%s: (%s:pk=%s) field_value was '%s'"
% (original_exc, model, fk, field_value)
)
class M2MDeserializationError(Exception):
"""Something bad happened during deserialization of a ManyToManyField."""
def __init__(self, original_exc, pk):
self.original_exc = original_exc
self.pk = pk
class ProgressBar:
progress_width = 75
def __init__(self, output, total_count):
self.output = output
self.total_count = total_count
self.prev_done = 0
def update(self, count):
if not self.output:
return
perc = count * 100 // self.total_count
done = perc * self.progress_width // 100
if self.prev_done >= done:
return
self.prev_done = done
cr = "" if self.total_count == 1 else "\r"
self.output.write(
cr + "[" + "." * done + " " * (self.progress_width - done) + "]"
)
if done == self.progress_width:
self.output.write("\n")
self.output.flush()
class Serializer:
"""
Abstract serializer base class.
"""
# Indicates if the implemented serializer is only available for
# internal Django use.
internal_use_only = False
progress_class = ProgressBar
stream_class = StringIO
def serialize(
self,
queryset,
*,
stream=None,
fields=None,
use_natural_foreign_keys=False,
use_natural_primary_keys=False,
progress_output=None,
object_count=0,
**options,
):
"""
Serialize a queryset.
"""
self.options = options
self.stream = stream if stream is not None else self.stream_class()
self.selected_fields = fields
self.use_natural_foreign_keys = use_natural_foreign_keys
self.use_natural_primary_keys = use_natural_primary_keys
progress_bar = self.progress_class(progress_output, object_count)
self.start_serialization()
self.first = True
for count, obj in enumerate(queryset, start=1):
self.start_object(obj)
# Use the concrete parent class' _meta instead of the object's _meta
# This is to avoid local_fields problems for proxy models. Refs #17717.
concrete_model = obj._meta.concrete_model
# When using natural primary keys, retrieve the pk field of the
# parent for multi-table inheritance child models. That field must
# be serialized, otherwise deserialization isn't possible.
if self.use_natural_primary_keys:
pk = concrete_model._meta.pk
pk_parent = (
pk if pk.remote_field and pk.remote_field.parent_link else None
)
else:
pk_parent = None
for field in concrete_model._meta.local_fields:
if field.serialize or field is pk_parent:
if field.remote_field is None:
if (
self.selected_fields is None
or field.attname in self.selected_fields
):
self.handle_field(obj, field)
else:
if (
self.selected_fields is None
or field.attname[:-3] in self.selected_fields
):
self.handle_fk_field(obj, field)
for field in concrete_model._meta.local_many_to_many:
if field.serialize:
if (
self.selected_fields is None
or field.attname in self.selected_fields
):
self.handle_m2m_field(obj, field)
self.end_object(obj)
progress_bar.update(count)
self.first = self.first and False
self.end_serialization()
return self.getvalue()
def start_serialization(self):
"""
Called when serializing of the queryset starts.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
"subclasses of Serializer must provide a start_serialization() method"
)
def end_serialization(self):
"""
Called when serializing of the queryset ends.
"""
pass
def start_object(self, obj):
"""
Called when serializing of an object starts.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
"subclasses of Serializer must provide a start_object() method"
)
def end_object(self, obj):
"""
Called when serializing of an object ends.
"""
pass
def handle_field(self, obj, field):
"""
Called to handle each individual (non-relational) field on an object.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
"subclasses of Serializer must provide a handle_field() method"
)
def handle_fk_field(self, obj, field):
"""
Called to handle a ForeignKey field.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
"subclasses of Serializer must provide a handle_fk_field() method"
)
def handle_m2m_field(self, obj, field):
"""
Called to handle a ManyToManyField.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
"subclasses of Serializer must provide a handle_m2m_field() method"
)
def getvalue(self):
"""
Return the fully serialized queryset (or None if the output stream is
not seekable).
"""
if callable(getattr(self.stream, "getvalue", None)):
return self.stream.getvalue()
class Deserializer:
"""
Abstract base deserializer class.
"""
def __init__(self, stream_or_string, **options):
"""
Init this serializer given a stream or a string
"""
self.options = options
if isinstance(stream_or_string, str):
self.stream = StringIO(stream_or_string)
else:
self.stream = stream_or_string
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
"""Iteration interface -- return the next item in the stream"""
raise NotImplementedError(
"subclasses of Deserializer must provide a __next__() method"
)
class DeserializedObject:
"""
A deserialized model.
Basically a container for holding the pre-saved deserialized data along
with the many-to-many data saved with the object.
Call ``save()`` to save the object (with the many-to-many data) to the
database; call ``save(save_m2m=False)`` to save just the object fields
(and not touch the many-to-many stuff.)
"""
def __init__(self, obj, m2m_data=None, deferred_fields=None):
self.object = obj
self.m2m_data = m2m_data
self.deferred_fields = deferred_fields
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s: %s(pk=%s)>" % (
self.__class__.__name__,
self.object._meta.label,
self.object.pk,
)
def save(self, save_m2m=True, using=None, **kwargs):
# Call save on the Model baseclass directly. This bypasses any
# model-defined save. The save is also forced to be raw.
# raw=True is passed to any pre/post_save signals.
models.Model.save_base(self.object, using=using, raw=True, **kwargs)
if self.m2m_data and save_m2m:
for accessor_name, object_list in self.m2m_data.items():
getattr(self.object, accessor_name).set(object_list)
# prevent a second (possibly accidental) call to save() from saving
# the m2m data twice.
self.m2m_data = None
def save_deferred_fields(self, using=None):
self.m2m_data = {}
for field, field_value in self.deferred_fields.items():
opts = self.object._meta
label = opts.app_label + "." + opts.model_name
if isinstance(field.remote_field, models.ManyToManyRel):
try:
values = deserialize_m2m_values(
field, field_value, using, handle_forward_references=False
)
except M2MDeserializationError as e:
raise DeserializationError.WithData(
e.original_exc, label, self.object.pk, e.pk
)
self.m2m_data[field.name] = values
elif isinstance(field.remote_field, models.ManyToOneRel):
try:
value = deserialize_fk_value(
field, field_value, using, handle_forward_references=False
)
except Exception as e:
raise DeserializationError.WithData(
e, label, self.object.pk, field_value
)
setattr(self.object, field.attname, value)
self.save()
def build_instance(Model, data, db):
"""
Build a model instance.
If the model instance doesn't have a primary key and the model supports
natural keys, try to retrieve it from the database.
"""
default_manager = Model._meta.default_manager
pk = data.get(Model._meta.pk.attname)
if (
pk is None
and hasattr(default_manager, "get_by_natural_key")
and hasattr(Model, "natural_key")
):
obj = Model(**data)
obj._state.db = db
natural_key = obj.natural_key()
try:
data[Model._meta.pk.attname] = Model._meta.pk.to_python(
default_manager.db_manager(db).get_by_natural_key(*natural_key).pk
)
except Model.DoesNotExist:
pass
return Model(**data)
def deserialize_m2m_values(field, field_value, using, handle_forward_references):
model = field.remote_field.model
if hasattr(model._default_manager, "get_by_natural_key"):
def m2m_convert(value):
if hasattr(value, "__iter__") and not isinstance(value, str):
return (
model._default_manager.db_manager(using)
.get_by_natural_key(*value)
.pk
)
else:
return model._meta.pk.to_python(value)
else:
def m2m_convert(v):
return model._meta.pk.to_python(v)
try:
pks_iter = iter(field_value)
except TypeError as e:
raise M2MDeserializationError(e, field_value)
try:
values = []
for pk in pks_iter:
values.append(m2m_convert(pk))
return values
except Exception as e:
if isinstance(e, ObjectDoesNotExist) and handle_forward_references:
return DEFER_FIELD
else:
raise M2MDeserializationError(e, pk)
def deserialize_fk_value(field, field_value, using, handle_forward_references):
if field_value is None:
return None
model = field.remote_field.model
default_manager = model._default_manager
field_name = field.remote_field.field_name
if (
hasattr(default_manager, "get_by_natural_key")
and hasattr(field_value, "__iter__")
and not isinstance(field_value, str)
):
try:
obj = default_manager.db_manager(using).get_by_natural_key(*field_value)
except ObjectDoesNotExist:
if handle_forward_references:
return DEFER_FIELD
else:
raise
value = getattr(obj, field_name)
# If this is a natural foreign key to an object that has a FK/O2O as
# the foreign key, use the FK value.
if model._meta.pk.remote_field:
value = value.pk
return value
return model._meta.get_field(field_name).to_python(field_value)