Unprotected mass assignment Open
if @site_controller.update_attributes(params[:site_controller])
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Mass assignment is a feature of Rails which allows an application to create a record from the values of a hash.
Example:
User.new(params[:user])
Unfortunately, if there is a user field called admin
which controls administrator access, now any user can make themselves an administrator.
attr_accessible
and attr_protected
can be used to limit mass assignment. However, Brakeman will warn unless attr_accessible
is used, or mass assignment is completely disabled.
There are two different mass assignment warnings which can arise. The first is when mass assignment actually occurs, such as the example above. This results in a warning like
Unprotected mass assignment near line 61: User.new(params[:user])
The other warning is raised whenever a model is found which does not use attr_accessible
. This produces generic warnings like
Mass assignment is not restricted using attr_accessible
with a list of affected models.
In Rails 3.1 and newer, mass assignment can easily be disabled:
config.active_record.whitelist_attributes = true
Unfortunately, it can also easily be bypassed:
User.new(params[:user], :without_protection => true)
Brakeman will warn on uses of without_protection
.
Unprotected mass assignment Open
@site_controller = SiteController.new(params[:site_controller])
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- Exclude checks
Mass assignment is a feature of Rails which allows an application to create a record from the values of a hash.
Example:
User.new(params[:user])
Unfortunately, if there is a user field called admin
which controls administrator access, now any user can make themselves an administrator.
attr_accessible
and attr_protected
can be used to limit mass assignment. However, Brakeman will warn unless attr_accessible
is used, or mass assignment is completely disabled.
There are two different mass assignment warnings which can arise. The first is when mass assignment actually occurs, such as the example above. This results in a warning like
Unprotected mass assignment near line 61: User.new(params[:user])
The other warning is raised whenever a model is found which does not use attr_accessible
. This produces generic warnings like
Mass assignment is not restricted using attr_accessible
with a list of affected models.
In Rails 3.1 and newer, mass assignment can easily be disabled:
config.active_record.whitelist_attributes = true
Unfortunately, it can also easily be bypassed:
User.new(params[:user], :without_protection => true)
Brakeman will warn on uses of without_protection
.
Assignment Branch Condition size for classify_controllers is too high. [31.65/15] Open
def classify_controllers
from_classes = SiteController.classes
from_db = SiteController.order(:name)
known = {}
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This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric
Method classify_controllers
has a Cognitive Complexity of 18 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def classify_controllers
from_classes = SiteController.classes
from_db = SiteController.order(:name)
known = {}
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Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Perceived complexity for classify_controllers is too high. [11/7] Open
def classify_controllers
from_classes = SiteController.classes
from_db = SiteController.order(:name)
known = {}
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This cop tries to produce a complexity score that's a measure of the
complexity the reader experiences when looking at a method. For that
reason it considers when
nodes as something that doesn't add as much
complexity as an if
or a &&
. Except if it's one of those special
case
/when
constructs where there's no expression after case
. Then
the cop treats it as an if
/elsif
/elsif
... and lets all the when
nodes count. In contrast to the CyclomaticComplexity cop, this cop
considers else
nodes as adding complexity.
Example:
def my_method # 1
if cond # 1
case var # 2 (0.8 + 4 * 0.2, rounded)
when 1 then func_one
when 2 then func_two
when 3 then func_three
when 4..10 then func_other
end
else # 1
do_something until a && b # 2
end # ===
end # 7 complexity points
Cyclomatic complexity for classify_controllers is too high. [8/6] Open
def classify_controllers
from_classes = SiteController.classes
from_db = SiteController.order(:name)
known = {}
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This cop checks that the cyclomatic complexity of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The cyclomatic complexity is the number of linearly independent paths through a method. The algorithm counts decision points and adds one.
An if statement (or unless or ?:) increases the complexity by one. An else branch does not, since it doesn't add a decision point. The && operator (or keyword and) can be converted to a nested if statement, and ||/or is shorthand for a sequence of ifs, so they also add one. Loops can be said to have an exit condition, so they add one.
Method classify_controllers
has 29 lines of code (exceeds 25 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def classify_controllers
from_classes = SiteController.classes
from_db = SiteController.order(:name)
known = {}
Useless assignment to variable - controllers
. Did you mean controller
? Open
controllers = controller_classes
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This cop checks for every useless assignment to local variable in every
scope.
The basic idea for this cop was from the warning of ruby -cw
:
assigned but unused variable - foo
Currently this cop has advanced logic that detects unreferenced reassignments and properly handles varied cases such as branch, loop, rescue, ensure, etc.
Example:
# bad
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something
end
Example:
# good
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something(some_var)
end
Do not place comments on the same line as the end
keyword. Open
end # def controller_actions
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This cop checks for comments put on the same line as some keywords.
These keywords are: begin
, class
, def
, end
, module
.
Note that some comments (such as :nodoc:
and rubocop:disable
) are
allowed.
Example:
# bad
if condition
statement
end # end if
# bad
class X # comment
statement
end
# bad
def x; end # comment
# good
if condition
statement
end
# good
class X # :nodoc:
y
end
Prefer each
over for
. Open
for method in controller.public_instance_methods do
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This cop looks for uses of the for keyword, or each method. The preferred alternative is set in the EnforcedStyle configuration parameter. An each call with a block on a single line is always allowed, however.
end
at 135, 2 is not aligned with class
at 1, 0. Open
end # class
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This cop checks whether the end keywords are aligned properly.
Three modes are supported through the EnforcedStyleAlignWith
configuration parameter:
If it's set to keyword
(which is the default), the end
shall be aligned with the start of the keyword (if, class, etc.).
If it's set to variable
the end
shall be aligned with the
left-hand-side of the variable assignment, if there is one.
If it's set to start_of_line
, the end
shall be aligned with the
start of the line where the matching keyword appears.
Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: keyword (default)
# bad
variable = if true
end
# good
variable = if true
end
Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: variable
# bad
variable = if true
end
# good
variable = if true
end
Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofline
# bad
variable = if true
end
# good
puts(if true
end)
Prefer each
over for
. Open
for hidden in controller.hidden_actions do
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- Exclude checks
This cop looks for uses of the for keyword, or each method. The preferred alternative is set in the EnforcedStyle configuration parameter. An each call with a block on a single line is always allowed, however.
Do not place comments on the same line as the end
keyword. Open
end # class
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks for comments put on the same line as some keywords.
These keywords are: begin
, class
, def
, end
, module
.
Note that some comments (such as :nodoc:
and rubocop:disable
) are
allowed.
Example:
# bad
if condition
statement
end # end if
# bad
class X # comment
statement
end
# bad
def x; end # comment
# good
if condition
statement
end
# good
class X # :nodoc:
y
end