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<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span class="stability_2"><a href="#modules_modules">Modules</a></span></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_accessing_the_main_module">Accessing the main module</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_addenda_package_manager_tips">Addenda: Package manager tips</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_addenda_the_mjs_extension">Addenda: The <code>.mjs</code> extension</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_all_together">All together...</a></li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_caching">Caching</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_module_caching_caveats">Module caching caveats</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#modules_core_modules">Core modules</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_cycles">Cycles</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_file_modules">File modules</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_folders_as_modules">Folders as modules</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_loading_from_node_modules_folders">Loading from <code>node_modules</code> folders</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_loading_from_the_global_folders">Loading from the global folders</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_the_module_wrapper">The module wrapper</a></li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_the_module_scope">The module scope</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_dirname"><code>__dirname</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_filename"><code>__filename</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_exports"><code>exports</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module"><code>module</code></a></li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_require_id"><code>require(id)</code></a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_require_cache"><code>require.cache</code></a></li>
<li><span class="stability_0"><a href="#modules_require_extensions"><code>require.extensions</code></a></span></li>
<li><a href="#modules_require_main"><code>require.main</code></a></li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_require_resolve_request_options"><code>require.resolve(request[, options])</code></a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_require_resolve_paths_request"><code>require.resolve.paths(request)</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_the_module_object">The <code>module</code> object</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_module_children"><code>module.children</code></a></li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_module_exports"><code>module.exports</code></a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_exports_shortcut"><code>exports</code> shortcut</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_filename"><code>module.filename</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_id"><code>module.id</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_loaded"><code>module.loaded</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_parent"><code>module.parent</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_path"><code>module.path</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_paths"><code>module.paths</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_require_id"><code>module.require(id)</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_the_module_object_1">The <code>Module</code> object</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_module_builtinmodules"><code>module.builtinModules</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_createrequire_filename"><code>module.createRequire(filename)</code></a></li>
<li><span class="stability_0"><a href="#modules_module_createrequirefrompath_filename"><code>module.createRequireFromPath(filename)</code></a></span></li>
<li><a href="#modules_module_syncbuiltinesmexports"><code>module.syncBuiltinESMExports()</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="stability_1"><a href="#modules_source_map_v3_support">Source map v3 support</a></span></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_module_findsourcemap_path_error"><code>module.findSourceMap(path[, error])</code></a></li>
<li>
<p><a href="#modules_class_module_sourcemap">Class: <code>module.SourceMap</code></a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#modules_new_sourcemap_payload"><code>new SourceMap(payload)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_sourcemap_payload"><code>sourceMap.payload</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#modules_sourcemap_findentry_linenumber_columnnumber"><code>sourceMap.findEntry(lineNumber, columnNumber)</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="apicontent">
<h1>Modules<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_modules" id="modules_modules">#</a></span></h1>
<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable</div><p></p>
<p>In the Node.js module system, each file is treated as a separate module. For
example, consider a file named <code>foo.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const circle = require('./circle.js');
console.log(`The area of a circle of radius 4 is ${circle.area(4)}`);
</code></pre>
<p>On the first line, <code>foo.js</code> loads the module <code>circle.js</code> that is in the same
directory as <code>foo.js</code>.</p>
<p>Here are the contents of <code>circle.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const { PI } = Math;
exports.area = (r) => PI * r ** 2;
exports.circumference = (r) => 2 * PI * r;
</code></pre>
<p>The module <code>circle.js</code> has exported the functions <code>area()</code> and
<code>circumference()</code>. Functions and objects are added to the root of a module
by specifying additional properties on the special <code>exports</code> object.</p>
<p>Variables local to the module will be private, because the module is wrapped
in a function by Node.js (see <a href="#modules_the_module_wrapper">module wrapper</a>).
In this example, the variable <code>PI</code> is private to <code>circle.js</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>module.exports</code> property can be assigned a new value (such as a function
or object).</p>
<p>Below, <code>bar.js</code> makes use of the <code>square</code> module, which exports a Square class:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const Square = require('./square.js');
const mySquare = new Square(2);
console.log(`The area of mySquare is ${mySquare.area()}`);
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>square</code> module is defined in <code>square.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">// Assigning to exports will not modify module, must use module.exports
module.exports = class Square {
constructor(width) {
this.width = width;
}
area() {
return this.width ** 2;
}
};
</code></pre>
<p>The module system is implemented in the <code>require('module')</code> module.</p>
<h2>Accessing the main module<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_accessing_the_main_module" id="modules_accessing_the_main_module">#</a></span></h2>
<p>When a file is run directly from Node.js, <code>require.main</code> is set to its
<code>module</code>. That means that it is possible to determine whether a file has been
run directly by testing <code>require.main === module</code>.</p>
<p>For a file <code>foo.js</code>, this will be <code>true</code> if run via <code>node foo.js</code>, but
<code>false</code> if run by <code>require('./foo')</code>.</p>
<p>Because <code>module</code> provides a <code>filename</code> property (normally equivalent to
<code>__filename</code>), the entry point of the current application can be obtained
by checking <code>require.main.filename</code>.</p>
<h2>Addenda: Package manager tips<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_addenda_package_manager_tips" id="modules_addenda_package_manager_tips">#</a></span></h2>
<p>The semantics of the Node.js <code>require()</code> function were designed to be general
enough to support reasonable directory structures. Package manager programs
such as <code>dpkg</code>, <code>rpm</code>, and <code>npm</code> will hopefully find it possible to build
native packages from Node.js modules without modification.</p>
<p>Below we give a suggested directory structure that could work:</p>
<p>Let's say that we wanted to have the folder at
<code>/usr/lib/node/<some-package>/<some-version></code> hold the contents of a
specific version of a package.</p>
<p>Packages can depend on one another. In order to install package <code>foo</code>, it
may be necessary to install a specific version of package <code>bar</code>. The <code>bar</code>
package may itself have dependencies, and in some cases, these may even collide
or form cyclic dependencies.</p>
<p>Since Node.js looks up the <code>realpath</code> of any modules it loads (that is,
resolves symlinks), and then looks for their dependencies in the <code>node_modules</code>
folders as described <a href="#modules_loading_from_node_modules_folders">here</a>, this
situation is very simple to resolve with the following architecture:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>/usr/lib/node/foo/1.2.3/</code>: Contents of the <code>foo</code> package, version 1.2.3.</li>
<li><code>/usr/lib/node/bar/4.3.2/</code>: Contents of the <code>bar</code> package that <code>foo</code> depends
on.</li>
<li><code>/usr/lib/node/foo/1.2.3/node_modules/bar</code>: Symbolic link to
<code>/usr/lib/node/bar/4.3.2/</code>.</li>
<li><code>/usr/lib/node/bar/4.3.2/node_modules/*</code>: Symbolic links to the packages that
<code>bar</code> depends on.</li>
</ul>
<p>Thus, even if a cycle is encountered, or if there are dependency
conflicts, every module will be able to get a version of its dependency
that it can use.</p>
<p>When the code in the <code>foo</code> package does <code>require('bar')</code>, it will get the
version that is symlinked into <code>/usr/lib/node/foo/1.2.3/node_modules/bar</code>.
Then, when the code in the <code>bar</code> package calls <code>require('quux')</code>, it'll get
the version that is symlinked into
<code>/usr/lib/node/bar/4.3.2/node_modules/quux</code>.</p>
<p>Furthermore, to make the module lookup process even more optimal, rather
than putting packages directly in <code>/usr/lib/node</code>, we could put them in
<code>/usr/lib/node_modules/<name>/<version></code>. Then Node.js will not bother
looking for missing dependencies in <code>/usr/node_modules</code> or <code>/node_modules</code>.</p>
<p>In order to make modules available to the Node.js REPL, it might be useful to
also add the <code>/usr/lib/node_modules</code> folder to the <code>$NODE_PATH</code> environment
variable. Since the module lookups using <code>node_modules</code> folders are all
relative, and based on the real path of the files making the calls to
<code>require()</code>, the packages themselves can be anywhere.</p>
<h2>Addenda: The <code>.mjs</code> extension<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_addenda_the_mjs_extension" id="modules_addenda_the_mjs_extension">#</a></span></h2>
<p>It is not possible to <code>require()</code> files that have the <code>.mjs</code> extension.
Attempting to do so will throw <a href="errors.html#errors_err_require_esm">an error</a>. The <code>.mjs</code> extension is
reserved for <a href="esm.html">ECMAScript Modules</a> which cannot be loaded via <code>require()</code>.
See <a href="esm.html">ECMAScript Modules</a> for more details.</p>
<h2>All together...<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_all_together" id="modules_all_together">#</a></span></h2>
<p>To get the exact filename that will be loaded when <code>require()</code> is called, use
the <code>require.resolve()</code> function.</p>
<p>Putting together all of the above, here is the high-level algorithm
in pseudocode of what <code>require()</code> does:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">require(X) from module at path Y
1. If X is a core module,
a. return the core module
b. STOP
2. If X begins with '/'
a. set Y to be the filesystem root
3. If X begins with './' or '/' or '../'
a. LOAD_AS_FILE(Y + X)
b. LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY(Y + X)
c. THROW "not found"
4. LOAD_SELF_REFERENCE(X, dirname(Y))
5. LOAD_NODE_MODULES(X, dirname(Y))
6. THROW "not found"
LOAD_AS_FILE(X)
1. If X is a file, load X as its file extension format. STOP
2. If X.js is a file, load X.js as JavaScript text. STOP
3. If X.json is a file, parse X.json to a JavaScript Object. STOP
4. If X.node is a file, load X.node as binary addon. STOP
LOAD_INDEX(X)
1. If X/index.js is a file, load X/index.js as JavaScript text. STOP
2. If X/index.json is a file, parse X/index.json to a JavaScript object. STOP
3. If X/index.node is a file, load X/index.node as binary addon. STOP
LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY(X)
1. If X/package.json is a file,
a. Parse X/package.json, and look for "main" field.
b. If "main" is a falsy value, GOTO 2.
c. let M = X + (json main field)
d. LOAD_AS_FILE(M)
e. LOAD_INDEX(M)
f. LOAD_INDEX(X) DEPRECATED
g. THROW "not found"
2. LOAD_INDEX(X)
LOAD_NODE_MODULES(X, START)
1. let DIRS = NODE_MODULES_PATHS(START)
2. for each DIR in DIRS:
a. LOAD_PACKAGE_EXPORTS(DIR, X)
b. LOAD_AS_FILE(DIR/X)
c. LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY(DIR/X)
NODE_MODULES_PATHS(START)
1. let PARTS = path split(START)
2. let I = count of PARTS - 1
3. let DIRS = [GLOBAL_FOLDERS]
4. while I >= 0,
a. if PARTS[I] = "node_modules" CONTINUE
b. DIR = path join(PARTS[0 .. I] + "node_modules")
c. DIRS = DIRS + DIR
d. let I = I - 1
5. return DIRS
LOAD_SELF_REFERENCE(X, START)
1. Find the closest package scope to START.
2. If no scope was found, return.
3. If the `package.json` has no "exports", return.
4. If the name in `package.json` is a prefix of X, then
a. Load the remainder of X relative to this package as if it was
loaded via `LOAD_NODE_MODULES` with a name in `package.json`.
LOAD_PACKAGE_EXPORTS(DIR, X)
1. Try to interpret X as a combination of name and subpath where the name
may have a @scope/ prefix and the subpath begins with a slash (`/`).
2. If X does not match this pattern or DIR/name/package.json is not a file,
return.
3. Parse DIR/name/package.json, and look for "exports" field.
4. If "exports" is null or undefined, return.
5. If "exports" is an object with some keys starting with "." and some keys
not starting with ".", throw "invalid config".
6. If "exports" is a string, or object with no keys starting with ".", treat
it as having that value as its "." object property.
7. If subpath is "." and "exports" does not have a "." entry, return.
8. Find the longest key in "exports" that the subpath starts with.
9. If no such key can be found, throw "not found".
10. let RESOLVED =
fileURLToPath(PACKAGE_EXPORTS_TARGET_RESOLVE(pathToFileURL(DIR/name),
exports[key], subpath.slice(key.length), ["node", "require"])), as defined
in the ESM resolver.
11. If key ends with "/":
a. LOAD_AS_FILE(RESOLVED)
b. LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY(RESOLVED)
12. Otherwise
a. If RESOLVED is a file, load it as its file extension format. STOP
13. Throw "not found"
</code></pre>
<h2>Caching<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_caching" id="modules_caching">#</a></span></h2>
<p>Modules are cached after the first time they are loaded. This means (among other
things) that every call to <code>require('foo')</code> will get exactly the same object
returned, if it would resolve to the same file.</p>
<p>Provided <code>require.cache</code> is not modified, multiple calls to <code>require('foo')</code>
will not cause the module code to be executed multiple times. This is an
important feature. With it, "partially done" objects can be returned, thus
allowing transitive dependencies to be loaded even when they would cause cycles.</p>
<p>To have a module execute code multiple times, export a function, and call that
function.</p>
<h3>Module caching caveats<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_caching_caveats" id="modules_module_caching_caveats">#</a></span></h3>
<p>Modules are cached based on their resolved filename. Since modules may resolve
to a different filename based on the location of the calling module (loading
from <code>node_modules</code> folders), it is not a <em>guarantee</em> that <code>require('foo')</code> will
always return the exact same object, if it would resolve to different files.</p>
<p>Additionally, on case-insensitive file systems or operating systems, different
resolved filenames can point to the same file, but the cache will still treat
them as different modules and will reload the file multiple times. For example,
<code>require('./foo')</code> and <code>require('./FOO')</code> return two different objects,
irrespective of whether or not <code>./foo</code> and <code>./FOO</code> are the same file.</p>
<h2>Core modules<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_core_modules" id="modules_core_modules">#</a></span></h2>
<p>Node.js has several modules compiled into the binary. These modules are
described in greater detail elsewhere in this documentation.</p>
<p>The core modules are defined within the Node.js source and are located in the
<code>lib/</code> folder.</p>
<p>Core modules are always preferentially loaded if their identifier is
passed to <code>require()</code>. For instance, <code>require('http')</code> will always
return the built in HTTP module, even if there is a file by that name.</p>
<h2>Cycles<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_cycles" id="modules_cycles">#</a></span></h2>
<p>When there are circular <code>require()</code> calls, a module might not have finished
executing when it is returned.</p>
<p>Consider this situation:</p>
<p><code>a.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">console.log('a starting');
exports.done = false;
const b = require('./b.js');
console.log('in a, b.done = %j', b.done);
exports.done = true;
console.log('a done');
</code></pre>
<p><code>b.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">console.log('b starting');
exports.done = false;
const a = require('./a.js');
console.log('in b, a.done = %j', a.done);
exports.done = true;
console.log('b done');
</code></pre>
<p><code>main.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">console.log('main starting');
const a = require('./a.js');
const b = require('./b.js');
console.log('in main, a.done = %j, b.done = %j', a.done, b.done);
</code></pre>
<p>When <code>main.js</code> loads <code>a.js</code>, then <code>a.js</code> in turn loads <code>b.js</code>. At that
point, <code>b.js</code> tries to load <code>a.js</code>. In order to prevent an infinite
loop, an <strong>unfinished copy</strong> of the <code>a.js</code> exports object is returned to the
<code>b.js</code> module. <code>b.js</code> then finishes loading, and its <code>exports</code> object is
provided to the <code>a.js</code> module.</p>
<p>By the time <code>main.js</code> has loaded both modules, they're both finished.
The output of this program would thus be:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ node main.js
main starting
a starting
b starting
in b, a.done = false
b done
in a, b.done = true
a done
in main, a.done = true, b.done = true
</code></pre>
<p>Careful planning is required to allow cyclic module dependencies to work
correctly within an application.</p>
<h2>File modules<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_file_modules" id="modules_file_modules">#</a></span></h2>
<p>If the exact filename is not found, then Node.js will attempt to load the
required filename with the added extensions: <code>.js</code>, <code>.json</code>, and finally
<code>.node</code>.</p>
<p><code>.js</code> files are interpreted as JavaScript text files, and <code>.json</code> files are
parsed as JSON text files. <code>.node</code> files are interpreted as compiled addon
modules loaded with <code>process.dlopen()</code>.</p>
<p>A required module prefixed with <code>'/'</code> is an absolute path to the file. For
example, <code>require('/home/marco/foo.js')</code> will load the file at
<code>/home/marco/foo.js</code>.</p>
<p>A required module prefixed with <code>'./'</code> is relative to the file calling
<code>require()</code>. That is, <code>circle.js</code> must be in the same directory as <code>foo.js</code> for
<code>require('./circle')</code> to find it.</p>
<p>Without a leading <code>'/'</code>, <code>'./'</code>, or <code>'../'</code> to indicate a file, the module must
either be a core module or is loaded from a <code>node_modules</code> folder.</p>
<p>If the given path does not exist, <code>require()</code> will throw an <a href="errors.html#errors_class_error"><code>Error</code></a> with its
<code>code</code> property set to <code>'MODULE_NOT_FOUND'</code>.</p>
<h2>Folders as modules<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_folders_as_modules" id="modules_folders_as_modules">#</a></span></h2>
<p>It is convenient to organize programs and libraries into self-contained
directories, and then provide a single entry point to those directories.
There are three ways in which a folder may be passed to <code>require()</code> as
an argument.</p>
<p>The first is to create a <code>package.json</code> file in the root of the folder,
which specifies a <code>main</code> module. An example <code>package.json</code> file might
look like this:</p>
<pre><code class="language-json">{ "name" : "some-library",
"main" : "./lib/some-library.js" }
</code></pre>
<p>If this was in a folder at <code>./some-library</code>, then
<code>require('./some-library')</code> would attempt to load
<code>./some-library/lib/some-library.js</code>.</p>
<p>This is the extent of the awareness of <code>package.json</code> files within Node.js.</p>
<p>If there is no <code>package.json</code> file present in the directory, or if the
<code>'main'</code> entry is missing or cannot be resolved, then Node.js
will attempt to load an <code>index.js</code> or <code>index.node</code> file out of that
directory. For example, if there was no <code>package.json</code> file in the above
example, then <code>require('./some-library')</code> would attempt to load:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>./some-library/index.js</code></li>
<li><code>./some-library/index.node</code></li>
</ul>
<p>If these attempts fail, then Node.js will report the entire module as missing
with the default error:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">Error: Cannot find module 'some-library'
</code></pre>
<h2>Loading from <code>node_modules</code> folders<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_loading_from_node_modules_folders" id="modules_loading_from_node_modules_folders">#</a></span></h2>
<p>If the module identifier passed to <code>require()</code> is not a
<a href="#modules_core_modules">core</a> module, and does not begin with <code>'/'</code>, <code>'../'</code>, or
<code>'./'</code>, then Node.js starts at the parent directory of the current module, and
adds <code>/node_modules</code>, and attempts to load the module from that location.
Node.js will not append <code>node_modules</code> to a path already ending in
<code>node_modules</code>.</p>
<p>If it is not found there, then it moves to the parent directory, and so
on, until the root of the file system is reached.</p>
<p>For example, if the file at <code>'/home/ry/projects/foo.js'</code> called
<code>require('bar.js')</code>, then Node.js would look in the following locations, in
this order:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>/home/ry/projects/node_modules/bar.js</code></li>
<li><code>/home/ry/node_modules/bar.js</code></li>
<li><code>/home/node_modules/bar.js</code></li>
<li><code>/node_modules/bar.js</code></li>
</ul>
<p>This allows programs to localize their dependencies, so that they do not
clash.</p>
<p>It is possible to require specific files or sub modules distributed with a
module by including a path suffix after the module name. For instance
<code>require('example-module/path/to/file')</code> would resolve <code>path/to/file</code>
relative to where <code>example-module</code> is located. The suffixed path follows the
same module resolution semantics.</p>
<h2>Loading from the global folders<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_loading_from_the_global_folders" id="modules_loading_from_the_global_folders">#</a></span></h2>
<p>If the <code>NODE_PATH</code> environment variable is set to a colon-delimited list
of absolute paths, then Node.js will search those paths for modules if they
are not found elsewhere.</p>
<p>On Windows, <code>NODE_PATH</code> is delimited by semicolons (<code>;</code>) instead of colons.</p>
<p><code>NODE_PATH</code> was originally created to support loading modules from
varying paths before the current <a href="#modules_all_together">module resolution</a> algorithm was defined.</p>
<p><code>NODE_PATH</code> is still supported, but is less necessary now that the Node.js
ecosystem has settled on a convention for locating dependent modules.
Sometimes deployments that rely on <code>NODE_PATH</code> show surprising behavior
when people are unaware that <code>NODE_PATH</code> must be set. Sometimes a
module's dependencies change, causing a different version (or even a
different module) to be loaded as the <code>NODE_PATH</code> is searched.</p>
<p>Additionally, Node.js will search in the following list of GLOBAL_FOLDERS:</p>
<ul>
<li>1: <code>$HOME/.node_modules</code></li>
<li>2: <code>$HOME/.node_libraries</code></li>
<li>3: <code>$PREFIX/lib/node</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Where <code>$HOME</code> is the user's home directory, and <code>$PREFIX</code> is the Node.js
configured <code>node_prefix</code>.</p>
<p>These are mostly for historic reasons.</p>
<p>It is strongly encouraged to place dependencies in the local <code>node_modules</code>
folder. These will be loaded faster, and more reliably.</p>
<h2>The module wrapper<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_the_module_wrapper" id="modules_the_module_wrapper">#</a></span></h2>
<p>Before a module's code is executed, Node.js will wrap it with a function
wrapper that looks like the following:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">(function(exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) {
// Module code actually lives in here
});
</code></pre>
<p>By doing this, Node.js achieves a few things:</p>
<ul>
<li>It keeps top-level variables (defined with <code>var</code>, <code>const</code> or <code>let</code>) scoped to
the module rather than the global object.</li>
<li>
<p>It helps to provide some global-looking variables that are actually specific
to the module, such as:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code>module</code> and <code>exports</code> objects that the implementor can use to export
values from the module.</li>
<li>The convenience variables <code>__filename</code> and <code>__dirname</code>, containing the
module's absolute filename and directory path.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>The module scope<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_the_module_scope" id="modules_the_module_scope">#</a></span></h2>
<h3><code>__dirname</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_dirname" id="modules_dirname">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.27</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The directory name of the current module. This is the same as the
<a href="path.html#path_path_dirname_path"><code>path.dirname()</code></a> of the <a href="#modules_filename"><code>__filename</code></a>.</p>
<p>Example: running <code>node example.js</code> from <code>/Users/mjr</code></p>
<pre><code class="language-js">console.log(__dirname);
// Prints: /Users/mjr
console.log(path.dirname(__filename));
// Prints: /Users/mjr
</code></pre>
<h3><code>__filename</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_filename" id="modules_filename">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.0.1</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The file name of the current module. This is the current module file's absolute
path with symlinks resolved.</p>
<p>For a main program this is not necessarily the same as the file name used in the
command line.</p>
<p>See <a href="#modules_dirname"><code>__dirname</code></a> for the directory name of the current module.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p>Running <code>node example.js</code> from <code>/Users/mjr</code></p>
<pre><code class="language-js">console.log(__filename);
// Prints: /Users/mjr/example.js
console.log(__dirname);
// Prints: /Users/mjr
</code></pre>
<p>Given two modules: <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>, where <code>b</code> is a dependency of
<code>a</code> and there is a directory structure of:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>/Users/mjr/app/a.js</code></li>
<li><code>/Users/mjr/app/node_modules/b/b.js</code></li>
</ul>
<p>References to <code>__filename</code> within <code>b.js</code> will return
<code>/Users/mjr/app/node_modules/b/b.js</code> while references to <code>__filename</code> within
<code>a.js</code> will return <code>/Users/mjr/app/a.js</code>.</p>
<h3><code>exports</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_exports" id="modules_exports">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.12</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>A reference to the <code>module.exports</code> that is shorter to type.
See the section about the <a href="#modules_exports_shortcut">exports shortcut</a> for details on when to use
<code>exports</code> and when to use <code>module.exports</code>.</p>
<h3><code>module</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module" id="modules_module">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="modules.html#modules_the_module_object" class="type"><module></a></li>
</ul>
<p>A reference to the current module, see the section about the
<a href="#modules_the_module_object"><code>module</code> object</a>. In particular, <code>module.exports</code> is used for defining what
a module exports and makes available through <code>require()</code>.</p>
<h3><code>require(id)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_require_id" id="modules_require_id">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.13</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>id</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> module name or path</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Data_types" class="type"><any></a> exported module content</li>
</ul>
<p>Used to import modules, <code>JSON</code>, and local files. Modules can be imported
from <code>node_modules</code>. Local modules and JSON files can be imported using
a relative path (e.g. <code>./</code>, <code>./foo</code>, <code>./bar/baz</code>, <code>../foo</code>) that will be
resolved against the directory named by <a href="#modules_dirname"><code>__dirname</code></a> (if defined) or
the current working directory. The relative paths of POSIX style are resolved
in an OS independent fashion, meaning that the examples above will work on
Windows in the same way they would on Unix systems.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">// Importing a local module with a path relative to the `__dirname` or current
// working directory. (On Windows, this would resolve to .\path\myLocalModule.)
const myLocalModule = require('./path/myLocalModule');
// Importing a JSON file:
const jsonData = require('./path/filename.json');
// Importing a module from node_modules or Node.js built-in module:
const crypto = require('crypto');
</code></pre>
<h4><code>require.cache</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_require_cache" id="modules_require_cache">#</a></span></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.3.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Modules are cached in this object when they are required. By deleting a key
value from this object, the next <code>require</code> will reload the module.
This does not apply to <a href="addons.html">native addons</a>, for which reloading will result in an
error.</p>
<p>Adding or replacing entries is also possible. This cache is checked before
native modules and if a name matching a native module is added to the cache,
no require call is
going to receive the native module anymore. Use with care!</p>
<h4><code>require.extensions</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_require_extensions" id="modules_require_extensions">#</a></span></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.3.0</span><span>Deprecated since: v0.10.6</span>
</div>
<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_0"><a href="documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 0</a> - Deprecated</div><p></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Instruct <code>require</code> on how to handle certain file extensions.</p>
<p>Process files with the extension <code>.sjs</code> as <code>.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">require.extensions['.sjs'] = require.extensions['.js'];
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Deprecated.</strong> In the past, this list has been used to load non-JavaScript
modules into Node.js by compiling them on-demand. However, in practice, there
are much better ways to do this, such as loading modules via some other Node.js
program, or compiling them to JavaScript ahead of time.</p>
<p>Avoid using <code>require.extensions</code>. Use could cause subtle bugs and resolving the
extensions gets slower with each registered extension.</p>
<h4><code>require.main</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_require_main" id="modules_require_main">#</a></span></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.17</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="modules.html#modules_the_module_object" class="type"><module></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>Module</code> object representing the entry script loaded when the Node.js
process launched.
See <a href="#modules_accessing_the_main_module">"Accessing the main module"</a>.</p>
<p>In <code>entry.js</code> script:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">console.log(require.main);
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="language-bash">node entry.js
</code></pre>
<!-- eslint-skip -->
<pre><code class="language-js">Module {
id: '.',
path: '/absolute/path/to',
exports: {},
parent: null,
filename: '/absolute/path/to/entry.js',
loaded: false,
children: [],
paths:
[ '/absolute/path/to/node_modules',
'/absolute/path/node_modules',
'/absolute/node_modules',
'/node_modules' ] }
</code></pre>
<h4><code>require.resolve(request[, options])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_require_resolve_request_options" id="modules_require_resolve_request_options">#</a></span></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v8.9.0</td>
<td><p>The <code>paths</code> option is now supported.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.3.0</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.3.0</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>request</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The module path to resolve.</li>
<li>
<p><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></p>
<ul>
<li><code>paths</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a> Paths to resolve module location from. If present, these
paths are used instead of the default resolution paths, with the exception
of <a href="#modules_loading_from_the_global_folders">GLOBAL_FOLDERS</a> like <code>$HOME/.node_modules</code>, which are always
included. Each of these paths is used as a starting point for
the module resolution algorithm, meaning that the <code>node_modules</code> hierarchy
is checked from this location.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Use the internal <code>require()</code> machinery to look up the location of a module,
but rather than loading the module, just return the resolved filename.</p>
<p>If the module can not be found, a <code>MODULE_NOT_FOUND</code> error is thrown.</p>
<h5><code>require.resolve.paths(request)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_require_resolve_paths_request" id="modules_require_resolve_paths_request">#</a></span></h5>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v8.9.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>request</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The module path whose lookup paths are being retrieved.</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type"><null></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Returns an array containing the paths searched during resolution of <code>request</code> or
<code>null</code> if the <code>request</code> string references a core module, for example <code>http</code> or
<code>fs</code>.</p>
<h2>The <code>module</code> object<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_the_module_object" id="modules_the_module_object">#</a></span></h2>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>In each module, the <code>module</code> free variable is a reference to the object
representing the current module. For convenience, <code>module.exports</code> is
also accessible via the <code>exports</code> module-global. <code>module</code> is not actually
a global but rather local to each module.</p>
<h3><code>module.children</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_children" id="modules_module_children">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="modules.html#modules_the_module_object" class="type"><module[]></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The module objects required for the first time by this one.</p>
<h3><code>module.exports</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_exports" id="modules_module_exports">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>module.exports</code> object is created by the <code>Module</code> system. Sometimes this is
not acceptable; many want their module to be an instance of some class. To do
this, assign the desired export object to <code>module.exports</code>. Assigning
the desired object to <code>exports</code> will simply rebind the local <code>exports</code> variable,
which is probably not what is desired.</p>
<p>For example, suppose we were making a module called <code>a.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const EventEmitter = require('events');
module.exports = new EventEmitter();
// Do some work, and after some time emit
// the 'ready' event from the module itself.
setTimeout(() => {
module.exports.emit('ready');
}, 1000);
</code></pre>
<p>Then in another file we could do:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const a = require('./a');
a.on('ready', () => {
console.log('module "a" is ready');
});
</code></pre>
<p>Assignment to <code>module.exports</code> must be done immediately. It cannot be
done in any callbacks. This does not work:</p>
<p><code>x.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">setTimeout(() => {
module.exports = { a: 'hello' };
}, 0);
</code></pre>
<p><code>y.js</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const x = require('./x');
console.log(x.a);
</code></pre>
<h4><code>exports</code> shortcut<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_exports_shortcut" id="modules_exports_shortcut">#</a></span></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<p>The <code>exports</code> variable is available within a module's file-level scope, and is
assigned the value of <code>module.exports</code> before the module is evaluated.</p>
<p>It allows a shortcut, so that <code>module.exports.f = ...</code> can be written more
succinctly as <code>exports.f = ...</code>. However, be aware that like any variable, if a
new value is assigned to <code>exports</code>, it is no longer bound to <code>module.exports</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">module.exports.hello = true; // Exported from require of module
exports = { hello: false }; // Not exported, only available in the module
</code></pre>
<p>When the <code>module.exports</code> property is being completely replaced by a new
object, it is common to also reassign <code>exports</code>:</p>
<!-- eslint-disable func-name-matching -->
<pre><code class="language-js">module.exports = exports = function Constructor() {
// ... etc.
};
</code></pre>
<p>To illustrate the behavior, imagine this hypothetical implementation of
<code>require()</code>, which is quite similar to what is actually done by <code>require()</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">function require(/* ... */) {
const module = { exports: {} };
((module, exports) => {
// Module code here. In this example, define a function.
function someFunc() {}
exports = someFunc;
// At this point, exports is no longer a shortcut to module.exports, and
// this module will still export an empty default object.
module.exports = someFunc;
// At this point, the module will now export someFunc, instead of the
// default object.
})(module, module.exports);
return module.exports;
}
</code></pre>
<h3><code>module.filename</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_filename" id="modules_module_filename">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The fully resolved filename of the module.</p>
<h3><code>module.id</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_id" id="modules_module_id">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The identifier for the module. Typically this is the fully resolved
filename.</p>
<h3><code>module.loaded</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_loaded" id="modules_module_loaded">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Whether or not the module is done loading, or is in the process of
loading.</p>
<h3><code>module.parent</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_parent" id="modules_module_parent">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="modules.html#modules_the_module_object" class="type"><module></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The module that first required this one.</p>
<h3><code>module.path</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_path" id="modules_module_path">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v11.14.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The directory name of the module. This is usually the same as the
<a href="path.html#path_path_dirname_path"><code>path.dirname()</code></a> of the <a href="#modules_module_id"><code>module.id</code></a>.</p>
<h3><code>module.paths</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_paths" id="modules_module_paths">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.4.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The search paths for the module.</p>
<h3><code>module.require(id)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_require_id" id="modules_module_require_id">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.5.1</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>id</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Data_types" class="type"><any></a> exported module content</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>module.require()</code> method provides a way to load a module as if
<code>require()</code> was called from the original module.</p>
<p>In order to do this, it is necessary to get a reference to the <code>module</code> object.
Since <code>require()</code> returns the <code>module.exports</code>, and the <code>module</code> is typically
<em>only</em> available within a specific module's code, it must be explicitly exported
in order to be used.</p>
<h2>The <code>Module</code> object<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_the_module_object_1" id="modules_the_module_object_1">#</a></span></h2>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.3.7</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Provides general utility methods when interacting with instances of
<code>Module</code>, the <code>module</code> variable often seen in file modules. Accessed
via <code>require('module')</code>.</p>
<h3><code>module.builtinModules</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_builtinmodules" id="modules_module_builtinmodules">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v9.3.0, v8.10.0, v6.13.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a></li>
</ul>
<p>A list of the names of all modules provided by Node.js. Can be used to verify
if a module is maintained by a third party or not.</p>
<p><code>module</code> in this context isn't the same object that's provided
by the <a href="#modules_the_module_wrapper">module wrapper</a>. To access it, require the <code>Module</code> module:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const builtin = require('module').builtinModules;
</code></pre>
<h3><code>module.createRequire(filename)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_createrequire_filename" id="modules_module_createrequire_filename">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v12.2.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>filename</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="url.html#url_the_whatwg_url_api" class="type"><URL></a> Filename to be used to construct the require
function. Must be a file URL object, file URL string, or absolute path
string.</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="modules.html#modules_require_id" class="type"><require></a> Require function</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-js">import { createRequire } from 'module';
const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
// sibling-module.js is a CommonJS module.
const siblingModule = require('./sibling-module');
</code></pre>
<h3><code>module.createRequireFromPath(filename)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_createrequirefrompath_filename" id="modules_module_createrequirefrompath_filename">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v10.12.0</span><span>Deprecated since: v12.2.0</span>
</div>
<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_0"><a href="documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 0</a> - Deprecated: Please use <a href="#modules_module_createrequire_filename"><code>createRequire()</code></a> instead.</div><p></p>
<ul>
<li><code>filename</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> Filename to be used to construct the relative require
function.</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="modules.html#modules_require_id" class="type"><require></a> Require function</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-js">const { createRequireFromPath } = require('module');
const requireUtil = createRequireFromPath('../src/utils/');
// Require `../src/utils/some-tool`
requireUtil('./some-tool');
</code></pre>
<h3><code>module.syncBuiltinESMExports()</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_syncbuiltinesmexports" id="modules_module_syncbuiltinesmexports">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v12.12.0</span>
</div>
<p>The <code>module.syncBuiltinESMExports()</code> method updates all the live bindings for
builtin ES Modules to match the properties of the CommonJS exports. It does
not add or remove exported names from the ES Modules.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const fs = require('fs');
const { syncBuiltinESMExports } = require('module');
fs.readFile = null;
delete fs.readFileSync;
fs.newAPI = function newAPI() {
// ...
};
syncBuiltinESMExports();
import('fs').then((esmFS) => {
assert.strictEqual(esmFS.readFile, null);
assert.strictEqual('readFileSync' in fs, true);
assert.strictEqual(esmFS.newAPI, undefined);
});
</code></pre>
<h2>Source map v3 support<span><a class="mark" href="#modules_source_map_v3_support" id="modules_source_map_v3_support">#</a></span></h2>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v12.17.0</span>
</div>
<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_1"><a href="documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 1</a> - Experimental</div><p></p>
<p>Helpers for interacting with the source map cache. This cache is
populated when source map parsing is enabled and
<a href="https://sourcemaps.info/spec.html#h.lmz475t4mvbx">source map include directives</a> are found in a modules' footer.</p>
<p>To enable source map parsing, Node.js must be run with the flag
<a href="cli.html#cli_enable_source_maps"><code>--enable-source-maps</code></a>, or with code coverage enabled by setting
<a href="cli.html#cli_node_v8_coverage_dir"><code>NODE_V8_COVERAGE=dir</code></a>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const { findSourceMap, SourceMap } = require('module');
</code></pre>
<h3><code>module.findSourceMap(path[, error])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_module_findsourcemap_path_error" id="modules_module_findsourcemap_path_error">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v12.17.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
<li><code>error</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type"><Error></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="modules.html#modules_class_module_sourcemap" class="type"><module.SourceMap></a></li>
</ul>
<p><code>path</code> is the resolved path for the file for which a corresponding source map
should be fetched.</p>
<p>The <code>error</code> instance should be passed as the second parameter to <code>findSourceMap</code>
in exceptional flows, e.g., when an overridden
<a href="https://v8.dev/docs/stack-trace-api#customizing-stack-traces"><code>Error.prepareStackTrace(error, trace)</code></a> is invoked. Modules are not added to
the module cache until they are successfully loaded, in these cases source maps
will be associated with the <code>error</code> instance along with the <code>path</code>.</p>
<h3>Class: <code>module.SourceMap</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_class_module_sourcemap" id="modules_class_module_sourcemap">#</a></span></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v12.17.0</span>
</div>
<h4><code>new SourceMap(payload)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_new_sourcemap_payload" id="modules_new_sourcemap_payload">#</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li><code>payload</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Creates a new <code>sourceMap</code> instance.</p>
<p><code>payload</code> is an object with keys matching the <a href="https://sourcemaps.info/spec.html#h.mofvlxcwqzej">Source map v3 format</a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>file</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
<li><code>version</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li>
<li><code>sources</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a></li>
<li><code>sourcesContent</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a></li>
<li><code>names</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a></li>
<li><code>mappings</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
<li><code>sourceRoot</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
</ul>
<h4><code>sourceMap.payload</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_sourcemap_payload" id="modules_sourcemap_payload">#</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Getter for the payload used to construct the <a href="modules.html#modules_class_module_sourcemap"><code>SourceMap</code></a> instance.</p>
<h4><code>sourceMap.findEntry(lineNumber, columnNumber)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#modules_sourcemap_findentry_linenumber_columnnumber" id="modules_sourcemap_findentry_linenumber_columnnumber">#</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li><code>lineNumber</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li>
<li><code>columnNumber</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Given a line number and column number in the generated source file, returns
an object representing the position in the original file. The object returned
consists of the following keys:</p>
<ul>
<li>generatedLine: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li>
<li>generatedColumn: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li>
<li>originalSource: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li>
<li>originalLine: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li>
<li>originalColumn: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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