lts/src/string_search.h
// Copyright 2011 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef SRC_STRING_SEARCH_H_
#define SRC_STRING_SEARCH_H_
#if defined(NODE_WANT_INTERNALS) && NODE_WANT_INTERNALS
#include "util.h"
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
namespace node {
namespace stringsearch {
template <typename T>
class Vector {
public:
Vector(T* data, size_t length, bool isForward)
: start_(data), length_(length), is_forward_(isForward) {
CHECK(length > 0 && data != nullptr);
}
// Returns the start of the memory range.
// For vector v this is NOT necessarily &v[0], see forward().
const T* start() const { return start_; }
// Returns the length of the vector, in characters.
size_t length() const { return length_; }
// Returns true if the Vector is front-to-back, false if back-to-front.
// In the latter case, v[0] corresponds to the *end* of the memory range.
size_t forward() const { return is_forward_; }
// Access individual vector elements - checks bounds in debug mode.
T& operator[](size_t index) const {
DCHECK_LT(index, length_);
return start_[is_forward_ ? index : (length_ - index - 1)];
}
private:
T* start_;
size_t length_;
bool is_forward_;
};
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// String Search object.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Class holding constants and methods that apply to all string search variants,
// independently of subject and pattern char size.
class StringSearchBase {
protected:
// Cap on the maximal shift in the Boyer-Moore implementation. By setting a
// limit, we can fix the size of tables. For a needle longer than this limit,
// search will not be optimal, since we only build tables for a suffix
// of the string, but it is a safe approximation.
static const int kBMMaxShift = 250;
// Reduce alphabet to this size.
// One of the tables used by Boyer-Moore and Boyer-Moore-Horspool has size
// proportional to the input alphabet. We reduce the alphabet size by
// equating input characters modulo a smaller alphabet size. This gives
// a potentially less efficient searching, but is a safe approximation.
// For needles using only characters in the same Unicode 256-code point page,
// there is no search speed degradation.
static const int kLatin1AlphabetSize = 256;
static const int kUC16AlphabetSize = 256;
// Bad-char shift table stored in the state. It's length is the alphabet size.
// For patterns below this length, the skip length of Boyer-Moore is too short
// to compensate for the algorithmic overhead compared to simple brute force.
static const int kBMMinPatternLength = 8;
// Store for the BoyerMoore(Horspool) bad char shift table.
int bad_char_shift_table_[kUC16AlphabetSize];
// Store for the BoyerMoore good suffix shift table.
int good_suffix_shift_table_[kBMMaxShift + 1];
// Table used temporarily while building the BoyerMoore good suffix
// shift table.
int suffix_table_[kBMMaxShift + 1];
};
template <typename Char>
class StringSearch : private StringSearchBase {
public:
typedef stringsearch::Vector<const Char> Vector;
explicit StringSearch(Vector pattern)
: pattern_(pattern), start_(0) {
if (pattern.length() >= kBMMaxShift) {
start_ = pattern.length() - kBMMaxShift;
}
size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length();
CHECK_GT(pattern_length, 0);
if (pattern_length < kBMMinPatternLength) {
if (pattern_length == 1) {
strategy_ = SearchStrategy::kSingleChar;
return;
}
strategy_ = SearchStrategy::kLinear;
return;
}
strategy_ = SearchStrategy::kInitial;
}
size_t Search(Vector subject, size_t index) {
switch (strategy_) {
case kBoyerMooreHorspool:
return BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch(subject, index);
case kBoyerMoore:
return BoyerMooreSearch(subject, index);
case kInitial:
return InitialSearch(subject, index);
case kLinear:
return LinearSearch(subject, index);
case kSingleChar:
return SingleCharSearch(subject, index);
}
UNREACHABLE();
}
static inline int AlphabetSize() {
if (sizeof(Char) == 1) {
// Latin1 needle.
return kLatin1AlphabetSize;
} else {
// UC16 needle.
return kUC16AlphabetSize;
}
static_assert(sizeof(Char) == sizeof(uint8_t) ||
sizeof(Char) == sizeof(uint16_t),
"sizeof(Char) == sizeof(uint16_t) || sizeof(uint8_t)");
}
private:
typedef size_t (StringSearch::*SearchFunction)(Vector, size_t);
size_t SingleCharSearch(Vector subject, size_t start_index);
size_t LinearSearch(Vector subject, size_t start_index);
size_t InitialSearch(Vector subject, size_t start_index);
size_t BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch(Vector subject, size_t start_index);
size_t BoyerMooreSearch(Vector subject, size_t start_index);
void PopulateBoyerMooreHorspoolTable();
void PopulateBoyerMooreTable();
static inline int CharOccurrence(int* bad_char_occurrence,
Char char_code) {
if (sizeof(Char) == 1) {
return bad_char_occurrence[static_cast<int>(char_code)];
}
// Both pattern and subject are UC16. Reduce character to equivalence class.
int equiv_class = char_code % kUC16AlphabetSize;
return bad_char_occurrence[equiv_class];
}
enum SearchStrategy {
kBoyerMooreHorspool,
kBoyerMoore,
kInitial,
kLinear,
kSingleChar,
};
// The pattern to search for.
Vector pattern_;
SearchStrategy strategy_;
// Cache value of Max(0, pattern_length() - kBMMaxShift)
size_t start_;
};
template <typename T, typename U>
inline T AlignDown(T value, U alignment) {
return reinterpret_cast<T>(
(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(value) & ~(alignment - 1)));
}
inline uint8_t GetHighestValueByte(uint16_t character) {
return std::max(static_cast<uint8_t>(character & 0xFF),
static_cast<uint8_t>(character >> 8));
}
inline uint8_t GetHighestValueByte(uint8_t character) { return character; }
// Searches for a byte value in a memory buffer, back to front.
// Uses memrchr(3) on systems which support it, for speed.
// Falls back to a vanilla for loop on non-GNU systems such as Windows.
inline const void* MemrchrFill(const void* haystack, uint8_t needle,
size_t haystack_len) {
#ifdef _GNU_SOURCE
return memrchr(haystack, needle, haystack_len);
#else
const uint8_t* haystack8 = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(haystack);
for (size_t i = haystack_len - 1; i != static_cast<size_t>(-1); i--) {
if (haystack8[i] == needle) {
return haystack8 + i;
}
}
return nullptr;
#endif
}
// Finds the first occurrence of *two-byte* character pattern[0] in the string
// `subject`. Does not check that the whole pattern matches.
template <typename Char>
inline size_t FindFirstCharacter(Vector<const Char> pattern,
Vector<const Char> subject, size_t index) {
const Char pattern_first_char = pattern[0];
const size_t max_n = (subject.length() - pattern.length() + 1);
// For speed, search for the more `rare` of the two bytes in pattern[0]
// using memchr / memrchr (which are much faster than a simple for loop).
const uint8_t search_byte = GetHighestValueByte(pattern_first_char);
size_t pos = index;
do {
const size_t bytes_to_search = (max_n - pos) * sizeof(Char);
const void* void_pos;
if (subject.forward()) {
// Assert that bytes_to_search won't overflow
CHECK_LE(pos, max_n);
CHECK_LE(max_n - pos, SIZE_MAX / sizeof(Char));
void_pos = memchr(subject.start() + pos, search_byte, bytes_to_search);
} else {
CHECK_LE(pos, subject.length());
CHECK_LE(subject.length() - pos, SIZE_MAX / sizeof(Char));
void_pos = MemrchrFill(subject.start() + pattern.length() - 1,
search_byte,
bytes_to_search);
}
const Char* char_pos = static_cast<const Char*>(void_pos);
if (char_pos == nullptr)
return subject.length();
// Then, for each match, verify that the full two bytes match pattern[0].
char_pos = AlignDown(char_pos, sizeof(Char));
size_t raw_pos = static_cast<size_t>(char_pos - subject.start());
pos = subject.forward() ? raw_pos : (subject.length() - raw_pos - 1);
if (subject[pos] == pattern_first_char) {
// Match found, hooray.
return pos;
}
// Search byte matched, but the other byte of pattern[0] didn't. Keep going.
} while (++pos < max_n);
return subject.length();
}
// Finds the first occurrence of the byte pattern[0] in string `subject`.
// Does not verify that the whole pattern matches.
template <>
inline size_t FindFirstCharacter(Vector<const uint8_t> pattern,
Vector<const uint8_t> subject,
size_t index) {
const uint8_t pattern_first_char = pattern[0];
const size_t subj_len = subject.length();
const size_t max_n = (subject.length() - pattern.length() + 1);
const void* pos;
if (subject.forward()) {
pos = memchr(subject.start() + index, pattern_first_char, max_n - index);
} else {
pos = MemrchrFill(subject.start() + pattern.length() - 1,
pattern_first_char,
max_n - index);
}
const uint8_t* char_pos = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(pos);
if (char_pos == nullptr) {
return subj_len;
}
size_t raw_pos = static_cast<size_t>(char_pos - subject.start());
return subject.forward() ? raw_pos : (subj_len - raw_pos - 1);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Single Character Pattern Search Strategy
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
template <typename Char>
size_t StringSearch<Char>::SingleCharSearch(
Vector subject,
size_t index) {
CHECK_EQ(1, pattern_.length());
return FindFirstCharacter(pattern_, subject, index);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Linear Search Strategy
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Simple linear search for short patterns. Never bails out.
template <typename Char>
size_t StringSearch<Char>::LinearSearch(
Vector subject,
size_t index) {
CHECK_GT(pattern_.length(), 1);
const size_t n = subject.length() - pattern_.length();
for (size_t i = index; i <= n; i++) {
i = FindFirstCharacter(pattern_, subject, i);
if (i == subject.length())
return subject.length();
CHECK_LE(i, n);
bool matches = true;
for (size_t j = 1; j < pattern_.length(); j++) {
if (pattern_[j] != subject[i + j]) {
matches = false;
break;
}
}
if (matches) {
return i;
}
}
return subject.length();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Boyer-Moore string search
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
template <typename Char>
size_t StringSearch<Char>::BoyerMooreSearch(
Vector subject,
size_t start_index) {
const size_t subject_length = subject.length();
const size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length();
// Only preprocess at most kBMMaxShift last characters of pattern.
size_t start = start_;
int* bad_char_occurrence = bad_char_shift_table_;
int* good_suffix_shift = good_suffix_shift_table_ - start_;
Char last_char = pattern_[pattern_length - 1];
size_t index = start_index;
// Continue search from i.
while (index <= subject_length - pattern_length) {
size_t j = pattern_length - 1;
int c;
while (last_char != (c = subject[index + j])) {
int shift = j - CharOccurrence(bad_char_occurrence, c);
index += shift;
if (index > subject_length - pattern_length) {
return subject.length();
}
}
while (pattern_[j] == (c = subject[index + j])) {
if (j == 0) {
return index;
}
j--;
}
if (j < start) {
// we have matched more than our tables allow us to be smart about.
// Fall back on BMH shift.
index += pattern_length - 1 -
CharOccurrence(bad_char_occurrence, last_char);
} else {
int gs_shift = good_suffix_shift[j + 1];
int bc_occ = CharOccurrence(bad_char_occurrence, c);
int shift = j - bc_occ;
if (gs_shift > shift) {
shift = gs_shift;
}
index += shift;
}
}
return subject.length();
}
template <typename Char>
void StringSearch<Char>::PopulateBoyerMooreTable() {
const size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length();
// Only look at the last kBMMaxShift characters of pattern (from start_
// to pattern_length).
const size_t start = start_;
const size_t length = pattern_length - start;
// Biased tables so that we can use pattern indices as table indices,
// even if we only cover the part of the pattern from offset start.
int* shift_table = good_suffix_shift_table_ - start_;
int* suffix_table = suffix_table_ - start_;
// Initialize table.
for (size_t i = start; i < pattern_length; i++) {
shift_table[i] = length;
}
shift_table[pattern_length] = 1;
suffix_table[pattern_length] = pattern_length + 1;
if (pattern_length <= start) {
return;
}
// Find suffixes.
Char last_char = pattern_[pattern_length - 1];
size_t suffix = pattern_length + 1;
{
size_t i = pattern_length;
while (i > start) {
Char c = pattern_[i - 1];
while (suffix <= pattern_length && c != pattern_[suffix - 1]) {
if (static_cast<size_t>(shift_table[suffix]) == length) {
shift_table[suffix] = suffix - i;
}
suffix = suffix_table[suffix];
}
suffix_table[--i] = --suffix;
if (suffix == pattern_length) {
// No suffix to extend, so we check against last_char only.
while ((i > start) && (pattern_[i - 1] != last_char)) {
if (static_cast<size_t>(shift_table[pattern_length]) == length) {
shift_table[pattern_length] = pattern_length - i;
}
suffix_table[--i] = pattern_length;
}
if (i > start) {
suffix_table[--i] = --suffix;
}
}
}
}
// Build shift table using suffixes.
if (suffix < pattern_length) {
for (size_t i = start; i <= pattern_length; i++) {
if (static_cast<size_t>(shift_table[i]) == length) {
shift_table[i] = suffix - start;
}
if (i == suffix) {
suffix = suffix_table[suffix];
}
}
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Boyer-Moore-Horspool string search.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
template <typename Char>
size_t StringSearch<Char>::BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch(
Vector subject,
size_t start_index) {
const size_t subject_length = subject.length();
const size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length();
int* char_occurrences = bad_char_shift_table_;
int64_t badness = -pattern_length;
// How bad we are doing without a good-suffix table.
Char last_char = pattern_[pattern_length - 1];
int last_char_shift =
pattern_length - 1 -
CharOccurrence(char_occurrences, last_char);
// Perform search
size_t index = start_index; // No matches found prior to this index.
while (index <= subject_length - pattern_length) {
size_t j = pattern_length - 1;
int subject_char;
while (last_char != (subject_char = subject[index + j])) {
int bc_occ = CharOccurrence(char_occurrences, subject_char);
int shift = j - bc_occ;
index += shift;
badness += 1 - shift; // at most zero, so badness cannot increase.
if (index > subject_length - pattern_length) {
return subject_length;
}
}
j--;
while (pattern_[j] == (subject[index + j])) {
if (j == 0) {
return index;
}
j--;
}
index += last_char_shift;
// Badness increases by the number of characters we have
// checked, and decreases by the number of characters we
// can skip by shifting. It's a measure of how we are doing
// compared to reading each character exactly once.
badness += (pattern_length - j) - last_char_shift;
if (badness > 0) {
PopulateBoyerMooreTable();
strategy_ = SearchStrategy::kBoyerMoore;
return BoyerMooreSearch(subject, index);
}
}
return subject.length();
}
template <typename Char>
void StringSearch<Char>::PopulateBoyerMooreHorspoolTable() {
const size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length();
int* bad_char_occurrence = bad_char_shift_table_;
// Only preprocess at most kBMMaxShift last characters of pattern.
const size_t start = start_;
// Run forwards to populate bad_char_table, so that *last* instance
// of character equivalence class is the one registered.
// Notice: Doesn't include the last character.
const size_t table_size = AlphabetSize();
if (start == 0) {
// All patterns less than kBMMaxShift in length.
memset(bad_char_occurrence, -1, table_size * sizeof(*bad_char_occurrence));
} else {
for (size_t i = 0; i < table_size; i++) {
bad_char_occurrence[i] = start - 1;
}
}
for (size_t i = start; i < pattern_length - 1; i++) {
Char c = pattern_[i];
int bucket = (sizeof(Char) == 1) ? c : c % AlphabetSize();
bad_char_occurrence[bucket] = i;
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Linear string search with bailout to BMH.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Simple linear search for short patterns, which bails out if the string
// isn't found very early in the subject. Upgrades to BoyerMooreHorspool.
template <typename Char>
size_t StringSearch<Char>::InitialSearch(
Vector subject,
size_t index) {
const size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length();
// Badness is a count of how much work we have done. When we have
// done enough work we decide it's probably worth switching to a better
// algorithm.
int64_t badness = -10 - (pattern_length << 2);
// We know our pattern is at least 2 characters, we cache the first so
// the common case of the first character not matching is faster.
for (size_t i = index, n = subject.length() - pattern_length; i <= n; i++) {
badness++;
if (badness <= 0) {
i = FindFirstCharacter(pattern_, subject, i);
if (i == subject.length())
return subject.length();
CHECK_LE(i, n);
size_t j = 1;
do {
if (pattern_[j] != subject[i + j]) {
break;
}
j++;
} while (j < pattern_length);
if (j == pattern_length) {
return i;
}
badness += j;
} else {
PopulateBoyerMooreHorspoolTable();
strategy_ = SearchStrategy::kBoyerMooreHorspool;
return BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch(subject, i);
}
}
return subject.length();
}
// Perform a single stand-alone search.
// If searching multiple times for the same pattern, a search
// object should be constructed once and the Search function then called
// for each search.
template <typename Char>
size_t SearchString(Vector<const Char> subject,
Vector<const Char> pattern,
size_t start_index) {
StringSearch<Char> search(pattern);
return search.Search(subject, start_index);
}
} // namespace stringsearch
} // namespace node
namespace node {
template <typename Char>
size_t SearchString(const Char* haystack,
size_t haystack_length,
const Char* needle,
size_t needle_length,
size_t start_index,
bool is_forward) {
if (haystack_length < needle_length) return haystack_length;
// To do a reverse search (lastIndexOf instead of indexOf) without redundant
// code, create two vectors that are reversed views into the input strings.
// For example, v_needle[0] would return the *last* character of the needle.
// So we're searching for the first instance of rev(needle) in rev(haystack)
stringsearch::Vector<const Char> v_needle(needle, needle_length, is_forward);
stringsearch::Vector<const Char> v_haystack(
haystack, haystack_length, is_forward);
size_t diff = haystack_length - needle_length;
size_t relative_start_index;
if (is_forward) {
relative_start_index = start_index;
} else if (diff < start_index) {
relative_start_index = 0;
} else {
relative_start_index = diff - start_index;
}
size_t pos = node::stringsearch::SearchString(
v_haystack, v_needle, relative_start_index);
if (pos == haystack_length) {
// not found
return pos;
}
return is_forward ? pos : (haystack_length - needle_length - pos);
}
template <size_t N>
size_t SearchString(const char* haystack, size_t haystack_length,
const char (&needle)[N]) {
return SearchString(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(haystack), haystack_length,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(needle), N - 1, 0, true);
}
} // namespace node
#endif // defined(NODE_WANT_INTERNALS) && NODE_WANT_INTERNALS
#endif // SRC_STRING_SEARCH_H_