freqtrade/data/btanalysis.py
"""
Helpers when analyzing backtest data
"""
import logging
from copy import copy
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from freqtrade.constants import LAST_BT_RESULT_FN, IntOrInf
from freqtrade.exceptions import ConfigurationError, OperationalException
from freqtrade.misc import file_dump_json, json_load
from freqtrade.optimize.backtest_caching import get_backtest_metadata_filename
from freqtrade.persistence import LocalTrade, Trade, init_db
from freqtrade.types import BacktestHistoryEntryType, BacktestResultType
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Newest format
BT_DATA_COLUMNS = ['pair', 'stake_amount', 'max_stake_amount', 'amount',
'open_date', 'close_date', 'open_rate', 'close_rate',
'fee_open', 'fee_close', 'trade_duration',
'profit_ratio', 'profit_abs', 'exit_reason',
'initial_stop_loss_abs', 'initial_stop_loss_ratio', 'stop_loss_abs',
'stop_loss_ratio', 'min_rate', 'max_rate', 'is_open', 'enter_tag',
'leverage', 'is_short', 'open_timestamp', 'close_timestamp', 'orders'
]
def get_latest_optimize_filename(directory: Union[Path, str], variant: str) -> str:
"""
Get latest backtest export based on '.last_result.json'.
:param directory: Directory to search for last result
:param variant: 'backtest' or 'hyperopt' - the method to return
:return: string containing the filename of the latest backtest result
:raises: ValueError in the following cases:
* Directory does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` has the wrong content
"""
if isinstance(directory, str):
directory = Path(directory)
if not directory.is_dir():
raise ValueError(f"Directory '{directory}' does not exist.")
filename = directory / LAST_BT_RESULT_FN
if not filename.is_file():
raise ValueError(
f"Directory '{directory}' does not seem to contain backtest statistics yet.")
with filename.open() as file:
data = json_load(file)
if f'latest_{variant}' not in data:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid '{LAST_BT_RESULT_FN}' format.")
return data[f'latest_{variant}']
def get_latest_backtest_filename(directory: Union[Path, str]) -> str:
"""
Get latest backtest export based on '.last_result.json'.
:param directory: Directory to search for last result
:return: string containing the filename of the latest backtest result
:raises: ValueError in the following cases:
* Directory does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` has the wrong content
"""
return get_latest_optimize_filename(directory, 'backtest')
def get_latest_hyperopt_filename(directory: Union[Path, str]) -> str:
"""
Get latest hyperopt export based on '.last_result.json'.
:param directory: Directory to search for last result
:return: string containing the filename of the latest hyperopt result
:raises: ValueError in the following cases:
* Directory does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` has the wrong content
"""
try:
return get_latest_optimize_filename(directory, 'hyperopt')
except ValueError:
# Return default (legacy) pickle filename
return 'hyperopt_results.pickle'
def get_latest_hyperopt_file(
directory: Union[Path, str], predef_filename: Optional[str] = None) -> Path:
"""
Get latest hyperopt export based on '.last_result.json'.
:param directory: Directory to search for last result
:return: string containing the filename of the latest hyperopt result
:raises: ValueError in the following cases:
* Directory does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` does not exist
* `directory/.last_result.json` has the wrong content
"""
if isinstance(directory, str):
directory = Path(directory)
if predef_filename:
if Path(predef_filename).is_absolute():
raise ConfigurationError(
"--hyperopt-filename expects only the filename, not an absolute path.")
return directory / predef_filename
return directory / get_latest_hyperopt_filename(directory)
def load_backtest_metadata(filename: Union[Path, str]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Read metadata dictionary from backtest results file without reading and deserializing entire
file.
:param filename: path to backtest results file.
:return: metadata dict or None if metadata is not present.
"""
filename = get_backtest_metadata_filename(filename)
try:
with filename.open() as fp:
return json_load(fp)
except FileNotFoundError:
return {}
except Exception as e:
raise OperationalException('Unexpected error while loading backtest metadata.') from e
def load_backtest_stats(filename: Union[Path, str]) -> BacktestResultType:
"""
Load backtest statistics file.
:param filename: pathlib.Path object, or string pointing to the file.
:return: a dictionary containing the resulting file.
"""
if isinstance(filename, str):
filename = Path(filename)
if filename.is_dir():
filename = filename / get_latest_backtest_filename(filename)
if not filename.is_file():
raise ValueError(f"File {filename} does not exist.")
logger.info(f"Loading backtest result from {filename}")
with filename.open() as file:
data = json_load(file)
# Legacy list format does not contain metadata.
if isinstance(data, dict):
data['metadata'] = load_backtest_metadata(filename)
return data
def load_and_merge_backtest_result(strategy_name: str, filename: Path, results: Dict[str, Any]):
"""
Load one strategy from multi-strategy result and merge it with results
:param strategy_name: Name of the strategy contained in the result
:param filename: Backtest-result-filename to load
:param results: dict to merge the result to.
"""
bt_data = load_backtest_stats(filename)
k: Literal['metadata', 'strategy']
for k in ('metadata', 'strategy'): # type: ignore
results[k][strategy_name] = bt_data[k][strategy_name]
results['metadata'][strategy_name]['filename'] = filename.stem
comparison = bt_data['strategy_comparison']
for i in range(len(comparison)):
if comparison[i]['key'] == strategy_name:
results['strategy_comparison'].append(comparison[i])
break
def _get_backtest_files(dirname: Path) -> List[Path]:
# Weird glob expression here avoids including .meta.json files.
return list(reversed(sorted(dirname.glob('backtest-result-*-[0-9][0-9].json'))))
def _extract_backtest_result(filename: Path) -> List[BacktestHistoryEntryType]:
metadata = load_backtest_metadata(filename)
return [
{
'filename': filename.stem,
'strategy': s,
'run_id': v['run_id'],
'notes': v.get('notes', ''),
# Backtest "run" time
'backtest_start_time': v['backtest_start_time'],
# Backtest timerange
'backtest_start_ts': v.get('backtest_start_ts', None),
'backtest_end_ts': v.get('backtest_end_ts', None),
'timeframe': v.get('timeframe', None),
'timeframe_detail': v.get('timeframe_detail', None),
} for s, v in metadata.items()
]
def get_backtest_result(filename: Path) -> List[BacktestHistoryEntryType]:
"""
Get backtest result read from metadata file
"""
return _extract_backtest_result(filename)
def get_backtest_resultlist(dirname: Path) -> List[BacktestHistoryEntryType]:
"""
Get list of backtest results read from metadata files
"""
return [
result
for filename in _get_backtest_files(dirname)
for result in _extract_backtest_result(filename)
]
def delete_backtest_result(file_abs: Path):
"""
Delete backtest result file and corresponding metadata file.
"""
# *.meta.json
logger.info(f"Deleting backtest result file: {file_abs.name}")
file_abs_meta = file_abs.with_suffix('.meta.json')
file_abs.unlink()
file_abs_meta.unlink()
def update_backtest_metadata(filename: Path, strategy: str, content: Dict[str, Any]):
"""
Updates backtest metadata file with new content.
:raises: ValueError if metadata file does not exist, or strategy is not in this file.
"""
metadata = load_backtest_metadata(filename)
if not metadata:
raise ValueError("File does not exist.")
if strategy not in metadata:
raise ValueError("Strategy not in metadata.")
metadata[strategy].update(content)
# Write data again.
file_dump_json(get_backtest_metadata_filename(filename), metadata)
def get_backtest_market_change(filename: Path, include_ts: bool = True) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Read backtest market change file.
"""
df = pd.read_feather(filename)
if include_ts:
df.loc[:, '__date_ts'] = df.loc[:, 'date'].astype(np.int64) // 1000 // 1000
return df
def find_existing_backtest_stats(dirname: Union[Path, str], run_ids: Dict[str, str],
min_backtest_date: Optional[datetime] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Find existing backtest stats that match specified run IDs and load them.
:param dirname: pathlib.Path object, or string pointing to the file.
:param run_ids: {strategy_name: id_string} dictionary.
:param min_backtest_date: do not load a backtest older than specified date.
:return: results dict.
"""
# Copy so we can modify this dict without affecting parent scope.
run_ids = copy(run_ids)
dirname = Path(dirname)
results: Dict[str, Any] = {
'metadata': {},
'strategy': {},
'strategy_comparison': [],
}
for filename in _get_backtest_files(dirname):
metadata = load_backtest_metadata(filename)
if not metadata:
# Files are sorted from newest to oldest. When file without metadata is encountered it
# is safe to assume older files will also not have any metadata.
break
for strategy_name, run_id in list(run_ids.items()):
strategy_metadata = metadata.get(strategy_name, None)
if not strategy_metadata:
# This strategy is not present in analyzed backtest.
continue
if min_backtest_date is not None:
backtest_date = strategy_metadata['backtest_start_time']
backtest_date = datetime.fromtimestamp(backtest_date, tz=timezone.utc)
if backtest_date < min_backtest_date:
# Do not use a cached result for this strategy as first result is too old.
del run_ids[strategy_name]
continue
if strategy_metadata['run_id'] == run_id:
del run_ids[strategy_name]
load_and_merge_backtest_result(strategy_name, filename, results)
if len(run_ids) == 0:
break
return results
def _load_backtest_data_df_compatibility(df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Compatibility support for older backtest data.
"""
df['open_date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['open_date'], utc=True)
df['close_date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['close_date'], utc=True)
# Compatibility support for pre short Columns
if 'is_short' not in df.columns:
df['is_short'] = False
if 'leverage' not in df.columns:
df['leverage'] = 1.0
if 'enter_tag' not in df.columns:
df['enter_tag'] = df['buy_tag']
df = df.drop(['buy_tag'], axis=1)
if 'max_stake_amount' not in df.columns:
df['max_stake_amount'] = df['stake_amount']
if 'orders' not in df.columns:
df['orders'] = None
return df
def load_backtest_data(filename: Union[Path, str], strategy: Optional[str] = None) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Load backtest data file.
:param filename: pathlib.Path object, or string pointing to a file or directory
:param strategy: Strategy to load - mainly relevant for multi-strategy backtests
Can also serve as protection to load the correct result.
:return: a dataframe with the analysis results
:raise: ValueError if loading goes wrong.
"""
data = load_backtest_stats(filename)
if not isinstance(data, list):
# new, nested format
if 'strategy' not in data:
raise ValueError("Unknown dataformat.")
if not strategy:
if len(data['strategy']) == 1:
strategy = list(data['strategy'].keys())[0]
else:
raise ValueError("Detected backtest result with more than one strategy. "
"Please specify a strategy.")
if strategy not in data['strategy']:
raise ValueError(
f"Strategy {strategy} not available in the backtest result. "
f"Available strategies are '{','.join(data['strategy'].keys())}'"
)
data = data['strategy'][strategy]['trades']
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
if not df.empty:
df = _load_backtest_data_df_compatibility(df)
else:
# old format - only with lists.
raise OperationalException(
"Backtest-results with only trades data are no longer supported.")
if not df.empty:
df = df.sort_values("open_date").reset_index(drop=True)
return df
def analyze_trade_parallelism(results: pd.DataFrame, timeframe: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Find overlapping trades by expanding each trade once per period it was open
and then counting overlaps.
:param results: Results Dataframe - can be loaded
:param timeframe: Timeframe used for backtest
:return: dataframe with open-counts per time-period in timeframe
"""
from freqtrade.exchange import timeframe_to_resample_freq
timeframe_freq = timeframe_to_resample_freq(timeframe)
dates = [pd.Series(pd.date_range(row[1]['open_date'], row[1]['close_date'],
freq=timeframe_freq))
for row in results[['open_date', 'close_date']].iterrows()]
deltas = [len(x) for x in dates]
dates = pd.Series(pd.concat(dates).values, name='date')
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.repeat(results.values, deltas, axis=0), columns=results.columns)
df2 = pd.concat([dates, df2], axis=1)
df2 = df2.set_index('date')
df_final = df2.resample(timeframe_freq)[['pair']].count()
df_final = df_final.rename({'pair': 'open_trades'}, axis=1)
return df_final
def evaluate_result_multi(results: pd.DataFrame, timeframe: str,
max_open_trades: IntOrInf) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Find overlapping trades by expanding each trade once per period it was open
and then counting overlaps
:param results: Results Dataframe - can be loaded
:param timeframe: Frequency used for the backtest
:param max_open_trades: parameter max_open_trades used during backtest run
:return: dataframe with open-counts per time-period in freq
"""
df_final = analyze_trade_parallelism(results, timeframe)
return df_final[df_final['open_trades'] > max_open_trades]
def trade_list_to_dataframe(trades: Union[List[Trade], List[LocalTrade]]) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Convert list of Trade objects to pandas Dataframe
:param trades: List of trade objects
:return: Dataframe with BT_DATA_COLUMNS
"""
df = pd.DataFrame.from_records([t.to_json(True) for t in trades], columns=BT_DATA_COLUMNS)
if len(df) > 0:
df['close_date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['close_date'], utc=True)
df['open_date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['open_date'], utc=True)
df['close_rate'] = df['close_rate'].astype('float64')
return df
def load_trades_from_db(db_url: str, strategy: Optional[str] = None) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Load trades from a DB (using dburl)
:param db_url: Sqlite url (default format sqlite:///tradesv3.dry-run.sqlite)
:param strategy: Strategy to load - mainly relevant for multi-strategy backtests
Can also serve as protection to load the correct result.
:return: Dataframe containing Trades
"""
init_db(db_url)
filters = []
if strategy:
filters.append(Trade.strategy == strategy)
trades = trade_list_to_dataframe(list(Trade.get_trades(filters).all()))
return trades
def load_trades(source: str, db_url: str, exportfilename: Path,
no_trades: bool = False, strategy: Optional[str] = None) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Based on configuration option 'trade_source':
* loads data from DB (using `db_url`)
* loads data from backtestfile (using `exportfilename`)
:param source: "DB" or "file" - specify source to load from
:param db_url: sqlalchemy formatted url to a database
:param exportfilename: Json file generated by backtesting
:param no_trades: Skip using trades, only return backtesting data columns
:return: DataFrame containing trades
"""
if no_trades:
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=BT_DATA_COLUMNS)
return df
if source == "DB":
return load_trades_from_db(db_url)
elif source == "file":
return load_backtest_data(exportfilename, strategy)
def extract_trades_of_period(dataframe: pd.DataFrame, trades: pd.DataFrame,
date_index=False) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
Compare trades and backtested pair DataFrames to get trades performed on backtested period
:return: the DataFrame of a trades of period
"""
if date_index:
trades_start = dataframe.index[0]
trades_stop = dataframe.index[-1]
else:
trades_start = dataframe.iloc[0]['date']
trades_stop = dataframe.iloc[-1]['date']
trades = trades.loc[(trades['open_date'] >= trades_start) &
(trades['close_date'] <= trades_stop)]
return trades