Flog calculates the ABC score for methods. The ABC score is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions.

You can read more about ABC metrics or the flog tool

Cognitive Complexity

Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

• Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
• Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
• Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

Further reading

• Cognitive Complexity docs
• Cognitive Complexity: A new way of measuring understandability

This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric

This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.

This cop checks that the cyclomatic complexity of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The cyclomatic complexity is the number of linearly independent paths through a method. The algorithm counts decision points and adds one.

An if statement (or unless or ?:) increases the complexity by one. An else branch does not, since it doesn't add a decision point. The && operator (or keyword and) can be converted to a nested if statement, and ||/or is shorthand for a sequence of ifs, so they also add one. Loops can be said to have an exit condition, so they add one.

This cop tries to produce a complexity score that's a measure of the complexity the reader experiences when looking at a method. For that reason it considers when nodes as something that doesn't add as much complexity as an if or a &&. Except if it's one of those special case/when constructs where there's no expression after case. Then the cop treats it as an if/elsif/elsif... and lets all the when nodes count. In contrast to the CyclomaticComplexity cop, this cop considers else nodes as adding complexity.

Example:

def my_method                   # 1
  if cond                       # 1
    case var                    # 2 (0.8 + 4 * 0.2, rounded)
    when 1 then func_one
    when 2 then func_two
    when 3 then func_three
    when 4..10 then func_other
    end
  else                          # 1
    do_something until a && b   # 2
  end                           # ===
end                             # 7 complexity points

A method with Too Many Statements is any method that has a large number of lines.

Too Many Statements warns about any method that has more than 5 statements. Reek's smell detector for Too Many Statements counts +1 for every simple statement in a method and +1 for every statement within a control structure (if, else, case, when, for, while, until, begin, rescue) but it doesn't count the control structure itself.

So the following method would score +6 in Reek's statement-counting algorithm:

def parse(arg, argv, &error)
  if !(val = arg) and (argv.empty? or /\A-/ =~ (val = argv[0]))
    return nil, block, nil                                         # +1
  end
  opt = (val = parse_arg(val, &error))[1]                          # +2
  val = conv_arg(*val)                                             # +3
  if opt and !arg
    argv.shift                                                     # +4
  else
    val[0] = nil                                                   # +5
  end
  val                                                              # +6
end

(You might argue that the two assigments within the first @if@ should count as statements, and that perhaps the nested assignment should count as +2.)

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Classes and modules are the units of reuse and release. It is therefore considered good practice to annotate every class and module with a brief comment outlining its responsibilities.

Example

Given

class Dummy
  # Do things...
end

Reek would emit the following warning:

test.rb -- 1 warning:
  [1]:Dummy has no descriptive comment (IrresponsibleModule)

Fixing this is simple - just an explaining comment:

# The Dummy class is responsible for ...
class Dummy
  # Do things...
end

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

Duplication occurs when two fragments of code look nearly identical, or when two fragments of code have nearly identical effects at some conceptual level.

Reek implements a check for Duplicate Method Call.

Example

Here's a very much simplified and contrived example. The following method will report a warning:

def double_thing()
  @other.thing + @other.thing
end

One quick approach to silence Reek would be to refactor the code thus:

def double_thing()
  thing = @other.thing
  thing + thing
end

A slightly different approach would be to replace all calls of double_thing by calls to @other.double_thing:

class Other
  def double_thing()
    thing + thing
  end
end

The approach you take will depend on balancing other factors in your code.

An Uncommunicative Variable Name is a variable name that doesn't communicate its intent well enough.

Poor names make it hard for the reader to build a mental picture of what's going on in the code. They can also be mis-interpreted; and they hurt the flow of reading, because the reader must slow down to interpret the names.

This cop checks whether the multiline do end blocks have a newline after the start of the block. Additionally, it checks whether the block arguments, if any, are on the same line as the start of the block.

Example:

# bad
blah do |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah do
  |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# good
blah do |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah { |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

# good
blah { |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

Checks that block braces have or don't have surrounding space inside them on configuration. For blocks taking parameters, it checks that the left brace has or doesn't have trailing space depending on configuration.

Example: EnforcedStyle: space (default)

# The `space` style enforces that block braces have
# surrounding space.

# bad
some_array.each {puts e}

# good
some_array.each { puts e }

Example: EnforcedStyle: no_space

# The `no_space` style enforces that block braces don't
# have surrounding space.

# bad
some_array.each { puts e }

# good
some_array.each {puts e}

Example: EnforcedStyleForEmptyBraces: no_space (default)

# The `no_space` EnforcedStyleForEmptyBraces style enforces that
# block braces don't have a space in between when empty.

# bad
some_array.each {   }
some_array.each {  }
some_array.each { }

# good
some_array.each {}

Example: EnforcedStyleForEmptyBraces: space

# The `space` EnforcedStyleForEmptyBraces style enforces that
# block braces have at least a spece in between when empty.

# bad
some_array.each {}

# good
some_array.each { }
some_array.each {  }
some_array.each {   }

Example: SpaceBeforeBlockParameters: true (default)

# The SpaceBeforeBlockParameters style set to `true` enforces that
# there is a space between `{` and `|`. Overrides `EnforcedStyle`
# if there is a conflict.

# bad
[1, 2, 3].each {|n| n * 2 }

# good
[1, 2, 3].each { |n| n * 2 }

Example: SpaceBeforeBlockParameters: true

# The SpaceBeforeBlockParameters style set to `false` enforces that
# there is no space between `{` and `|`. Overrides `EnforcedStyle`
# if there is a conflict.

# bad
[1, 2, 3].each { |n| n * 2 }

# good
[1, 2, 3].each {|n| n * 2 }

This cop checks for redundant uses of self.

The usage of self is only needed when:

• Sending a message to same object with zero arguments in presence of a method name clash with an argument or a local variable.

• Calling an attribute writer to prevent an local variable assignment.

Note, with using explicit self you can only send messages with public or protected scope, you cannot send private messages this way.

Note we allow uses of self with operators because it would be awkward otherwise.

Example:

# bad
def foo(bar)
  self.baz
end

# good
def foo(bar)
  self.bar  # Resolves name clash with the argument.
end

def foo
  bar = 1
  self.bar  # Resolves name clash with the local variable.
end

def foo
  %w[x y z].select do |bar|
    self.bar == bar  # Resolves name clash with argument of the block.
  end
end

Check for uses of braces or do/end around single line or multi-line blocks.

Example: EnforcedStyle: linecountbased (default)

# bad - single line block
items.each do |item| item / 5 end

# good - single line block
items.each { |item| item / 5 }

# bad - multi-line block
things.map { |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
}

# good - multi-line block
things.map do |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
end

Example: EnforcedStyle: semantic

# Prefer `do...end` over `{...}` for procedural blocks.

# return value is used/assigned
# bad
foo = map do |x|
  x
end
puts (map do |x|
  x
end)

# return value is not used out of scope
# good
map do |x|
  x
end

# Prefer `{...}` over `do...end` for functional blocks.

# return value is not used out of scope
# bad
each { |x|
  x
}

# return value is used/assigned
# good
foo = map { |x|
  x
}
map { |x|
  x
}.inspect

Example: EnforcedStyle: bracesforchaining

# bad
words.each do |word|
  word.flip.flop
end.join("-")

# good
words.each { |word|
  word.flip.flop
}.join("-")

Check that the keys, separators, and values of a multi-line hash literal are aligned according to configuration. The configuration options are:

- key (left align keys)
- separator (align hash rockets and colons, right align keys)
- table (left align keys, hash rockets, and values)

The treatment of hashes passed as the last argument to a method call can also be configured. The options are:

- always_inspect
- always_ignore
- ignore_implicit (without curly braces)
- ignore_explicit (with curly braces)

Example:

# EnforcedHashRocketStyle: key (default)
# EnforcedColonStyle: key (default)

# good
{
  foo: bar,
  ba: baz
}
{
  :foo => bar,
  :ba => baz
}

# bad
{
  foo: bar,
   ba: baz
}
{
  :foo => bar,
   :ba => baz
}

Example:

# EnforcedHashRocketStyle: separator
# EnforcedColonStyle: separator

#good
{
  foo: bar,
   ba: baz
}
{
  :foo => bar,
   :ba => baz
}

#bad
{
  foo: bar,
  ba: baz
}
{
  :foo => bar,
  :ba => baz
}
{
  :foo => bar,
  :ba  => baz
}

Example:

# EnforcedHashRocketStyle: table
# EnforcedColonStyle: table

#good
{
  foo: bar,
  ba:  baz
}
{
  :foo => bar,
  :ba  => baz
}

#bad
{
  foo: bar,
  ba: baz
}
{
  :foo => bar,
   :ba => baz
}

This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call if the last parameter is a hash. It supports braces, no_braces and context_dependent styles.

Example: EnforcedStyle: braces

# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.

# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)

# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})

Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)

# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.

# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})

# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)

Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent

# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.

# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)

# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})

Checks for uses of if/unless modifiers with multiple-lines bodies.

Example:

# bad
{
  result: 'this should not happen'
} unless cond

# good
{ result: 'ok' } if cond

Checks if uses of quotes match the configured preference.

Example: EnforcedStyle: single_quotes (default)

# bad
"No special symbols"
"No string interpolation"
"Just text"

# good
'No special symbols'
'No string interpolation'
'Just text'
"Wait! What's #{this}!"

Example: EnforcedStyle: double_quotes

# bad
'Just some text'
'No special chars or interpolation'

# good
"Just some text"
"No special chars or interpolation"
"Every string in #{project} uses double_quotes"

Checks if uses of quotes match the configured preference.

Example: EnforcedStyle: single_quotes (default)

# bad
"No special symbols"
"No string interpolation"
"Just text"

# good
'No special symbols'
'No string interpolation'
'Just text'
"Wait! What's #{this}!"

Example: EnforcedStyle: double_quotes

# bad
'Just some text'
'No special chars or interpolation'

# good
"Just some text"
"No special chars or interpolation"
"Every string in #{project} uses double_quotes"

This cops checks if empty lines around the bodies of blocks match the configuration.

Example: EnforcedStyle: empty_lines

# good

foo do |bar|

  # ...

end

Example: EnforcedStyle: noemptylines (default)

# good

foo do |bar|
  # ...
end

This cop checks for whitespace within string interpolations.

Example: EnforcedStyle: no_space (default)

# bad
   var = "This is the #{ space } example"

# good
   var = "This is the #{no_space} example"

Example: EnforcedStyle: space

# bad
   var = "This is the #{no_space} example"

# good
   var = "This is the #{ space } example"

Checks for uses of if/unless modifiers with multiple-lines bodies.

Example:

# bad
{
  result: 'this should not happen'
} unless cond

# good
{ result: 'ok' } if cond

This cop checks whether the multiline do end blocks have a newline after the start of the block. Additionally, it checks whether the block arguments, if any, are on the same line as the start of the block.

Example:

# bad
blah do |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah do
  |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# good
blah do |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah { |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

# good
blah { |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

This cop checks for unused block arguments.

Example:

# bad

do_something do |used, unused|
  puts used
end

do_something do |bar|
  puts :foo
end

define_method(:foo) do |bar|
  puts :baz
end

Example:

#good

do_something do |used, _unused|
  puts used
end

do_something do
  puts :foo
end

define_method(:foo) do |_bar|
  puts :baz
end

This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call if the last parameter is a hash. It supports braces, no_braces and context_dependent styles.

Example: EnforcedStyle: braces

# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.

# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)

# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})

Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)

# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.

# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})

# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)

Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent

# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.

# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)

# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})

This cop checks hash literal syntax.

It can enforce either the use of the class hash rocket syntax or the use of the newer Ruby 1.9 syntax (when applicable).

A separate offense is registered for each problematic pair.

The supported styles are:

• ruby19 - forces use of the 1.9 syntax (e.g. {a: 1}) when hashes have all symbols for keys
• hash_rockets - forces use of hash rockets for all hashes
• nomixedkeys - simply checks for hashes with mixed syntaxes
• ruby19nomixed_keys - forces use of ruby 1.9 syntax and forbids mixed syntax hashes

Example: EnforcedStyle: ruby19 (default)

# bad
{:a => 2}
{b: 1, :c => 2}

# good
{a: 2, b: 1}
{:c => 2, 'd' => 2} # acceptable since 'd' isn't a symbol
{d: 1, 'e' => 2} # technically not forbidden

Example: EnforcedStyle: hash_rockets

# bad
{a: 1, b: 2}
{c: 1, 'd' => 5}

# good
{:a => 1, :b => 2}

Example: EnforcedStyle: nomixedkeys

# bad
{:a => 1, b: 2}
{c: 1, 'd' => 2}

# good
{:a => 1, :b => 2}
{c: 1, d: 2}

Example: EnforcedStyle: ruby19nomixed_keys

# bad
{:a => 1, :b => 2}
{c: 2, 'd' => 3} # should just use hash rockets

# good
{a: 1, b: 2}
{:c => 3, 'd' => 4}

This cop checks for redundant uses of self.

The usage of self is only needed when:

• Sending a message to same object with zero arguments in presence of a method name clash with an argument or a local variable.

• Calling an attribute writer to prevent an local variable assignment.

Note, with using explicit self you can only send messages with public or protected scope, you cannot send private messages this way.

Note we allow uses of self with operators because it would be awkward otherwise.

Example:

# bad
def foo(bar)
  self.baz
end

# good
def foo(bar)
  self.bar  # Resolves name clash with the argument.
end

def foo
  bar = 1
  self.bar  # Resolves name clash with the local variable.
end

def foo
  %w[x y z].select do |bar|
    self.bar == bar  # Resolves name clash with argument of the block.
  end
end

This cop checks whether the multiline do end blocks have a newline after the start of the block. Additionally, it checks whether the block arguments, if any, are on the same line as the start of the block.

Example:

# bad
blah do |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah do
  |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# good
blah do |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah { |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

# good
blah { |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

This cop checks whether the end keywords are aligned properly for do end blocks.

Three modes are supported through the EnforcedStyleAlignWith configuration parameter:

start_of_block : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the do appeared.

start_of_line : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the expression started.

either (which is the default) : the end is allowed to be in either location. The autofixer will default to start_of_line.

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: either (default)

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

variable = lambda do |i|
  i
end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofblock

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
   end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofline

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
end

Check for uses of braces or do/end around single line or multi-line blocks.

Example: EnforcedStyle: linecountbased (default)

# bad - single line block
items.each do |item| item / 5 end

# good - single line block
items.each { |item| item / 5 }

# bad - multi-line block
things.map { |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
}

# good - multi-line block
things.map do |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
end

Example: EnforcedStyle: semantic

# Prefer `do...end` over `{...}` for procedural blocks.

# return value is used/assigned
# bad
foo = map do |x|
  x
end
puts (map do |x|
  x
end)

# return value is not used out of scope
# good
map do |x|
  x
end

# Prefer `{...}` over `do...end` for functional blocks.

# return value is not used out of scope
# bad
each { |x|
  x
}

# return value is used/assigned
# good
foo = map { |x|
  x
}
map { |x|
  x
}.inspect

Example: EnforcedStyle: bracesforchaining

# bad
words.each do |word|
  word.flip.flop
end.join("-")

# good
words.each { |word|
  word.flip.flop
}.join("-")

Check for uses of braces or do/end around single line or multi-line blocks.

Example: EnforcedStyle: linecountbased (default)

# bad - single line block
items.each do |item| item / 5 end

# good - single line block
items.each { |item| item / 5 }

# bad - multi-line block
things.map { |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
}

# good - multi-line block
things.map do |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
end

Example: EnforcedStyle: semantic

# Prefer `do...end` over `{...}` for procedural blocks.

# return value is used/assigned
# bad
foo = map do |x|
  x
end
puts (map do |x|
  x
end)

# return value is not used out of scope
# good
map do |x|
  x
end

# Prefer `{...}` over `do...end` for functional blocks.

# return value is not used out of scope
# bad
each { |x|
  x
}

# return value is used/assigned
# good
foo = map { |x|
  x
}
map { |x|
  x
}.inspect

Example: EnforcedStyle: bracesforchaining

# bad
words.each do |word|
  word.flip.flop
end.join("-")

# good
words.each { |word|
  word.flip.flop
}.join("-")

Checks for uses of if/unless modifiers with multiple-lines bodies.

Example:

# bad
{
  result: 'this should not happen'
} unless cond

# good
{ result: 'ok' } if cond

Checks for uses of if/unless modifiers with multiple-lines bodies.

Example:

# bad
{
  result: 'this should not happen'
} unless cond

# good
{ result: 'ok' } if cond

This cop checks whether the end keywords are aligned properly for do end blocks.

Three modes are supported through the EnforcedStyleAlignWith configuration parameter:

start_of_block : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the do appeared.

start_of_line : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the expression started.

either (which is the default) : the end is allowed to be in either location. The autofixer will default to start_of_line.

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: either (default)

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

variable = lambda do |i|
  i
end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofblock

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
   end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofline

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
end

Checks if uses of quotes match the configured preference.

Example: EnforcedStyle: single_quotes (default)

# bad
"No special symbols"
"No string interpolation"
"Just text"

# good
'No special symbols'
'No string interpolation'
'Just text'
"Wait! What's #{this}!"

Example: EnforcedStyle: double_quotes

# bad
'Just some text'
'No special chars or interpolation'

# good
"Just some text"
"No special chars or interpolation"
"Every string in #{project} uses double_quotes"

This cop checks for whitespace within string interpolations.

Example: EnforcedStyle: no_space (default)

# bad
   var = "This is the #{ space } example"

# good
   var = "This is the #{no_space} example"

Example: EnforcedStyle: space

# bad
   var = "This is the #{no_space} example"

# good
   var = "This is the #{ space } example"

This cop checks for missing top-level documentation of classes and modules. Classes with no body are exempt from the check and so are namespace modules - modules that have nothing in their bodies except classes, other modules, or constant definitions.

The documentation requirement is annulled if the class or module has a "#:nodoc:" comment next to it. Likewise, "#:nodoc: all" does the same for all its children.

Example:

# bad
class Person
  # ...
end

# good
# Description/Explanation of Person class
class Person
  # ...
end

This cop (by default) checks for uses of the lambda literal syntax for single line lambdas, and the method call syntax for multiline lambdas. It is configurable to enforce one of the styles for both single line and multiline lambdas as well.

Example: EnforcedStyle: linecountdependent (default)

# bad
f = lambda { |x| x }
f = ->(x) do
      x
    end

# good
f = ->(x) { x }
f = lambda do |x|
      x
    end

Example: EnforcedStyle: lambda

# bad
f = ->(x) { x }
f = ->(x) do
      x
    end

# good
f = lambda { |x| x }
f = lambda do |x|
      x
    end

Example: EnforcedStyle: literal

# bad
f = lambda { |x| x }
f = lambda do |x|
      x
    end

# good
f = ->(x) { x }
f = ->(x) do
      x
    end

This cop checks for redundant uses of self.

The usage of self is only needed when:

• Sending a message to same object with zero arguments in presence of a method name clash with an argument or a local variable.

• Calling an attribute writer to prevent an local variable assignment.

Note, with using explicit self you can only send messages with public or protected scope, you cannot send private messages this way.

Note we allow uses of self with operators because it would be awkward otherwise.

Example:

# bad
def foo(bar)
  self.baz
end

# good
def foo(bar)
  self.bar  # Resolves name clash with the argument.
end

def foo
  bar = 1
  self.bar  # Resolves name clash with the local variable.
end

def foo
  %w[x y z].select do |bar|
    self.bar == bar  # Resolves name clash with argument of the block.
  end
end

This cop checks for :true and :false symbols. In most cases it would be a typo.

Example:

# bad
:true

# good
true

Example:

# bad
:false

# good
false

This cop checks whether the multiline do end blocks have a newline after the start of the block. Additionally, it checks whether the block arguments, if any, are on the same line as the start of the block.

Example:

# bad
blah do |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah do
  |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# good
blah do |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
end

# bad
blah { |i| foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

# good
blah { |i|
  foo(i)
  bar(i)
}

This cop checks for whitespace within string interpolations.

Example: EnforcedStyle: no_space (default)

# bad
   var = "This is the #{ space } example"

# good
   var = "This is the #{no_space} example"

Example: EnforcedStyle: space

# bad
   var = "This is the #{no_space} example"

# good
   var = "This is the #{ space } example"

This cop checks whether the end keywords are aligned properly for do end blocks.

Three modes are supported through the EnforcedStyleAlignWith configuration parameter:

start_of_block : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the do appeared.

start_of_line : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the expression started.

either (which is the default) : the end is allowed to be in either location. The autofixer will default to start_of_line.

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: either (default)

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

variable = lambda do |i|
  i
end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofblock

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
   end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofline

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
end

This cop checks whether the end keywords are aligned properly for do end blocks.

Three modes are supported through the EnforcedStyleAlignWith configuration parameter:

start_of_block : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the do appeared.

start_of_line : the end shall be aligned with the start of the line where the expression started.

either (which is the default) : the end is allowed to be in either location. The autofixer will default to start_of_line.

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: either (default)

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

variable = lambda do |i|
  i
end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofblock

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
   end

Example: EnforcedStyleAlignWith: startofline

# bad

foo.bar
   .each do
     baz
       end

# good

foo.bar
  .each do
     baz
end

Check for uses of braces or do/end around single line or multi-line blocks.

Example: EnforcedStyle: linecountbased (default)

# bad - single line block
items.each do |item| item / 5 end

# good - single line block
items.each { |item| item / 5 }

# bad - multi-line block
things.map { |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
}

# good - multi-line block
things.map do |thing|
  something = thing.some_method
  process(something)
end

Example: EnforcedStyle: semantic

# Prefer `do...end` over `{...}` for procedural blocks.

# return value is used/assigned
# bad
foo = map do |x|
  x
end
puts (map do |x|
  x
end)

# return value is not used out of scope
# good
map do |x|
  x
end

# Prefer `{...}` over `do...end` for functional blocks.

# return value is not used out of scope
# bad
each { |x|
  x
}

# return value is used/assigned
# good
foo = map { |x|
  x
}
map { |x|
  x
}.inspect

Example: EnforcedStyle: bracesforchaining

# bad
words.each do |word|
  word.flip.flop
end.join("-")

# good
words.each { |word|
  word.flip.flop
}.join("-")

This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call if the last parameter is a hash. It supports braces, no_braces and context_dependent styles.

Example: EnforcedStyle: braces

# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.

# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)

# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})

Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)

# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.

# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})

# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)

Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent

# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.

# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)

# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})

Checks if uses of quotes match the configured preference.

Example: EnforcedStyle: single_quotes (default)

# bad
"No special symbols"
"No string interpolation"
"Just text"

# good
'No special symbols'
'No string interpolation'
'Just text'
"Wait! What's #{this}!"

Example: EnforcedStyle: double_quotes

# bad
'Just some text'
'No special chars or interpolation'

# good
"Just some text"
"No special chars or interpolation"
"Every string in #{project} uses double_quotes"