Cognitive Complexity

Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

• Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
• Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
• Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

Further reading

• Cognitive Complexity docs
• Cognitive Complexity: A new way of measuring understandability

Disallow Unused Variables (no-unused-vars)

Variables that are declared and not used anywhere in the code are most likely an error due to incomplete refactoring. Such variables take up space in the code and can lead to confusion by readers.

Rule Details

This rule is aimed at eliminating unused variables, functions, and parameters of functions.

A variable is considered to be used if any of the following are true:

• It represents a function that is called (doSomething())
• It is read (var y = x)
• It is passed into a function as an argument (doSomething(x))
• It is read inside of a function that is passed to another function (doSomething(function() { foo(); }))

A variable is not considered to be used if it is only ever assigned to (var x = 5) or declared.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: "error"*/
/*global some_unused_var*/

// It checks variables you have defined as global
some_unused_var = 42;

var x;

// Write-only variables are not considered as used.
var y = 10;
y = 5;

// A read for a modification of itself is not considered as used.
var z = 0;
z = z + 1;

// By default, unused arguments cause warnings.
(function(foo) {
    return 5;
})();

// Unused recursive functions also cause warnings.
function fact(n) {
    if (n < 2) return 1;
    return n * fact(n - 1);
}

// When a function definition destructures an array, unused entries from the array also cause warnings.
function getY([x, y]) {
    return y;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: "error"*/

var x = 10;
alert(x);

// foo is considered used here
myFunc(function foo() {
    // ...
}.bind(this));

(function(foo) {
    return foo;
})();

var myFunc;
myFunc = setTimeout(function() {
    // myFunc is considered used
    myFunc();
}, 50);

// Only the second argument from the descructured array is used.
function getY([, y]) {
    return y;
}

exported

In environments outside of CommonJS or ECMAScript modules, you may use var to create a global variable that may be used by other scripts. You can use the /* exported variableName */ comment block to indicate that this variable is being exported and therefore should not be considered unused.

Note that /* exported */ has no effect for any of the following:

• when the environment is node or commonjs
• when parserOptions.sourceType is module
• when ecmaFeatures.globalReturn is true

The line comment // exported variableName will not work as exported is not line-specific.

Examples of correct code for /* exported variableName */ operation:

/* exported global_var */

var global_var = 42;

Options

This rule takes one argument which can be a string or an object. The string settings are the same as those of the vars property (explained below).

By default this rule is enabled with all option for variables and after-used for arguments.

{
    "rules": {
        "no-unused-vars": ["error", { "vars": "all", "args": "after-used", "ignoreRestSiblings": false }]
    }
}

vars

The vars option has two settings:

• all checks all variables for usage, including those in the global scope. This is the default setting.
• local checks only that locally-declared variables are used but will allow global variables to be unused.

vars: local

Examples of correct code for the { "vars": "local" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "vars": "local" }]*/
/*global some_unused_var */

some_unused_var = 42;

varsIgnorePattern

The varsIgnorePattern option specifies exceptions not to check for usage: variables whose names match a regexp pattern. For example, variables whose names contain ignored or Ignored.

Examples of correct code for the { "varsIgnorePattern": "[iI]gnored" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "varsIgnorePattern": "[iI]gnored" }]*/

var firstVarIgnored = 1;
var secondVar = 2;
console.log(secondVar);

args

The args option has three settings:

• after-used - only the last argument must be used. This allows you, for instance, to have two named parameters to a function and as long as you use the second argument, ESLint will not warn you about the first. This is the default setting.
• all - all named arguments must be used.
• none - do not check arguments.

args: after-used

Examples of incorrect code for the default { "args": "after-used" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "args": "after-used" }]*/

// 1 error
// "baz" is defined but never used
(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return bar;
})();

Examples of correct code for the default { "args": "after-used" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", {"args": "after-used"}]*/

(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return baz;
})();

args: all

Examples of incorrect code for the { "args": "all" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "args": "all" }]*/

// 2 errors
// "foo" is defined but never used
// "baz" is defined but never used
(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return bar;
})();

args: none

Examples of correct code for the { "args": "none" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "args": "none" }]*/

(function(foo, bar, baz) {
    return bar;
})();

ignoreRestSiblings

The ignoreRestSiblings option is a boolean (default: false). Using a Rest Property it is possible to "omit" properties from an object, but by default the sibling properties are marked as "unused". With this option enabled the rest property's siblings are ignored.

Examples of correct code for the { "ignoreRestSiblings": true } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "ignoreRestSiblings": true }]*/
// 'type' is ignored because it has a rest property sibling.
var { type, ...coords } = data;

argsIgnorePattern

The argsIgnorePattern option specifies exceptions not to check for usage: arguments whose names match a regexp pattern. For example, variables whose names begin with an underscore.

Examples of correct code for the { "argsIgnorePattern": "^_" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "argsIgnorePattern": "^_" }]*/

function foo(x, _y) {
    return x + 1;
}
foo();

caughtErrors

The caughtErrors option is used for catch block arguments validation.

It has two settings:

• none - do not check error objects. This is the default setting.
• all - all named arguments must be used.

caughtErrors: none

Not specifying this rule is equivalent of assigning it to none.

Examples of correct code for the { "caughtErrors": "none" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "caughtErrors": "none" }]*/

try {
    //...
} catch (err) {
    console.error("errors");
}

caughtErrors: all

Examples of incorrect code for the { "caughtErrors": "all" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "caughtErrors": "all" }]*/

// 1 error
// "err" is defined but never used
try {
    //...
} catch (err) {
    console.error("errors");
}

caughtErrorsIgnorePattern

The caughtErrorsIgnorePattern option specifies exceptions not to check for usage: catch arguments whose names match a regexp pattern. For example, variables whose names begin with a string 'ignore'.

Examples of correct code for the { "caughtErrorsIgnorePattern": "^ignore" } option:

/*eslint no-unused-vars: ["error", { "caughtErrorsIgnorePattern": "^ignore" }]*/

try {
    //...
} catch (ignoreErr) {
    console.error("errors");
}

When Not To Use It

If you don't want to be notified about unused variables or function arguments, you can safely turn this rule off. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Disallow Reassignment of Function Parameters (no-param-reassign)

Assignment to variables declared as function parameters can be misleading and lead to confusing behavior, as modifying function parameters will also mutate the arguments object. Often, assignment to function parameters is unintended and indicative of a mistake or programmer error.

This rule can be also configured to fail when function parameters are modified. Side effects on parameters can cause counter-intuitive execution flow and make errors difficult to track down.

Rule Details

This rule aims to prevent unintended behavior caused by modification or reassignment of function parameters.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar = 13;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar++;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    var baz = bar;
}

Options

This rule takes one option, an object, with a boolean property "props" and an array "ignorePropertyModificationsFor". "props" is false by default. If "props" is set to true, this rule warns against the modification of parameter properties unless they're included in "ignorePropertyModificationsFor", which is an empty array by default.

props

Examples of correct code for the default { "props": false } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": false }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of incorrect code for the { "props": true } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of correct code for the { "props": true } option with "ignorePropertyModificationsFor" set:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true, "ignorePropertyModificationsFor": ["bar"] }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

When Not To Use It

If you want to allow assignment to function parameters, then you can safely disable this rule.

Further Reading

• JavaScript: Don’t Reassign Your Function Arguments Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Disallow Reassignment of Function Parameters (no-param-reassign)

Assignment to variables declared as function parameters can be misleading and lead to confusing behavior, as modifying function parameters will also mutate the arguments object. Often, assignment to function parameters is unintended and indicative of a mistake or programmer error.

This rule can be also configured to fail when function parameters are modified. Side effects on parameters can cause counter-intuitive execution flow and make errors difficult to track down.

Rule Details

This rule aims to prevent unintended behavior caused by modification or reassignment of function parameters.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar = 13;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar++;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    var baz = bar;
}

Options

This rule takes one option, an object, with a boolean property "props" and an array "ignorePropertyModificationsFor". "props" is false by default. If "props" is set to true, this rule warns against the modification of parameter properties unless they're included in "ignorePropertyModificationsFor", which is an empty array by default.

props

Examples of correct code for the default { "props": false } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": false }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of incorrect code for the { "props": true } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of correct code for the { "props": true } option with "ignorePropertyModificationsFor" set:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true, "ignorePropertyModificationsFor": ["bar"] }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

When Not To Use It

If you want to allow assignment to function parameters, then you can safely disable this rule.

Further Reading

• JavaScript: Don’t Reassign Your Function Arguments Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Disallow Reassignment of Function Parameters (no-param-reassign)

Assignment to variables declared as function parameters can be misleading and lead to confusing behavior, as modifying function parameters will also mutate the arguments object. Often, assignment to function parameters is unintended and indicative of a mistake or programmer error.

This rule can be also configured to fail when function parameters are modified. Side effects on parameters can cause counter-intuitive execution flow and make errors difficult to track down.

Rule Details

This rule aims to prevent unintended behavior caused by modification or reassignment of function parameters.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar = 13;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar++;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    var baz = bar;
}

Options

This rule takes one option, an object, with a boolean property "props" and an array "ignorePropertyModificationsFor". "props" is false by default. If "props" is set to true, this rule warns against the modification of parameter properties unless they're included in "ignorePropertyModificationsFor", which is an empty array by default.

props

Examples of correct code for the default { "props": false } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": false }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of incorrect code for the { "props": true } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of correct code for the { "props": true } option with "ignorePropertyModificationsFor" set:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true, "ignorePropertyModificationsFor": ["bar"] }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

When Not To Use It

If you want to allow assignment to function parameters, then you can safely disable this rule.

Further Reading

• JavaScript: Don’t Reassign Your Function Arguments Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

disallow the unary operators ++ and -- (no-plusplus)

Because the unary ++ and -- operators are subject to automatic semicolon insertion, differences in whitespace can change semantics of source code.

var i = 10;
var j = 20;

i ++
j
// i = 11, j = 20

var i = 10;
var j = 20;

i
++
j
// i = 10, j = 21

Rule Details

This rule disallows the unary operators ++ and --.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-plusplus: "error"*/

var foo = 0;
foo++;

var bar = 42;
bar--;

for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    return;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-plusplus: "error"*/

var foo = 0;
foo += 1;

var bar = 42;
bar -= 1;

for (i = 0; i < l; i += 1) {
    return;
}

Options

This rule has an object option.

• "allowForLoopAfterthoughts": true allows unary operators ++ and -- in the afterthought (final expression) of a for loop.

allowForLoopAfterthoughts

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "allowForLoopAfterthoughts": true } option:

/*eslint no-plusplus: ["error", { "allowForLoopAfterthoughts": true }]*/

for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    return;
}

for (i = 0; i < l; i--) {
    return;
}

Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Disallow Reassignment of Function Parameters (no-param-reassign)

Assignment to variables declared as function parameters can be misleading and lead to confusing behavior, as modifying function parameters will also mutate the arguments object. Often, assignment to function parameters is unintended and indicative of a mistake or programmer error.

This rule can be also configured to fail when function parameters are modified. Side effects on parameters can cause counter-intuitive execution flow and make errors difficult to track down.

Rule Details

This rule aims to prevent unintended behavior caused by modification or reassignment of function parameters.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar = 13;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar++;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    var baz = bar;
}

Options

This rule takes one option, an object, with a boolean property "props" and an array "ignorePropertyModificationsFor". "props" is false by default. If "props" is set to true, this rule warns against the modification of parameter properties unless they're included in "ignorePropertyModificationsFor", which is an empty array by default.

props

Examples of correct code for the default { "props": false } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": false }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of incorrect code for the { "props": true } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of correct code for the { "props": true } option with "ignorePropertyModificationsFor" set:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true, "ignorePropertyModificationsFor": ["bar"] }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

When Not To Use It

If you want to allow assignment to function parameters, then you can safely disable this rule.

Further Reading

• JavaScript: Don’t Reassign Your Function Arguments Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Disallow Reassignment of Function Parameters (no-param-reassign)

Assignment to variables declared as function parameters can be misleading and lead to confusing behavior, as modifying function parameters will also mutate the arguments object. Often, assignment to function parameters is unintended and indicative of a mistake or programmer error.

This rule can be also configured to fail when function parameters are modified. Side effects on parameters can cause counter-intuitive execution flow and make errors difficult to track down.

Rule Details

This rule aims to prevent unintended behavior caused by modification or reassignment of function parameters.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar = 13;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar++;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    var baz = bar;
}

Options

This rule takes one option, an object, with a boolean property "props" and an array "ignorePropertyModificationsFor". "props" is false by default. If "props" is set to true, this rule warns against the modification of parameter properties unless they're included in "ignorePropertyModificationsFor", which is an empty array by default.

props

Examples of correct code for the default { "props": false } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": false }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of incorrect code for the { "props": true } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of correct code for the { "props": true } option with "ignorePropertyModificationsFor" set:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true, "ignorePropertyModificationsFor": ["bar"] }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

When Not To Use It

If you want to allow assignment to function parameters, then you can safely disable this rule.

Further Reading

• JavaScript: Don’t Reassign Your Function Arguments Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Disallow Reassignment of Function Parameters (no-param-reassign)

Assignment to variables declared as function parameters can be misleading and lead to confusing behavior, as modifying function parameters will also mutate the arguments object. Often, assignment to function parameters is unintended and indicative of a mistake or programmer error.

This rule can be also configured to fail when function parameters are modified. Side effects on parameters can cause counter-intuitive execution flow and make errors difficult to track down.

Rule Details

This rule aims to prevent unintended behavior caused by modification or reassignment of function parameters.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar = 13;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar++;
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: "error"*/

function foo(bar) {
    var baz = bar;
}

Options

This rule takes one option, an object, with a boolean property "props" and an array "ignorePropertyModificationsFor". "props" is false by default. If "props" is set to true, this rule warns against the modification of parameter properties unless they're included in "ignorePropertyModificationsFor", which is an empty array by default.

props

Examples of correct code for the default { "props": false } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": false }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of incorrect code for the { "props": true } option:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

Examples of correct code for the { "props": true } option with "ignorePropertyModificationsFor" set:

/*eslint no-param-reassign: ["error", { "props": true, "ignorePropertyModificationsFor": ["bar"] }]*/

function foo(bar) {
    bar.prop = "value";
}

function foo(bar) {
    delete bar.aaa;
}

function foo(bar) {
    bar.aaa++;
}

When Not To Use It

If you want to allow assignment to function parameters, then you can safely disable this rule.

Further Reading

• JavaScript: Don’t Reassign Your Function Arguments Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/