iiitv/ChefLib

// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// ~~~~~~~© Aashutosh Rathi~~~~~~
// ~~~~~~~~aashutosh001~~~~~~~~~~
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// Use memcpy while copying array :D

// Answer Stauts : AC (100 pts) ** if ull not used it gives WA in ST#2

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;

#define mod(x)            x%1000000007;
#define MIN(n1, n2 )    ((n1) > (n2) ? (n2) : (n1))
#define MAX(n1, n2 )    ((n1) > (n2) ? (n1) : (n2))
#define MID(s, e)        (s+(e-s)/2)
#define FOR(i, a, b)    int i; for(i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define FORD(i, a, b)    int i; for(i=(a);i>(b);i--)
#define show(a)            for(i=0;i<sizeof(a);i++) cout<<a[i]<<" ";
#define get(a)            for(i=0;i<sizeof(a);i++) cin>>a[i];
#define scanint(a)        scanf("%d",&a)
#define scanLLD(a)        scanf("%lld",&a)
#define scanstr(s)        scanf("%s",s)
#define scanline(l)     scanf(" %[^\n]",l);

typedef long BIG;
typedef unsigned long long PAPA;

int main() {
    std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--) {
        PAPA u, v, i, j;
        cin >> u >> v;
        PAPA sum = ((u+v)*(u+v+1))/2 + 1;
        cout << sum + u << endl;

    }
    return 0;
}