lib/ipaddress_2/ipv4.rb
require 'ipaddress_2/prefix'
module IPAddress;
#
# =Name
#
# IPAddress::IPv4 - IP version 4 address manipulation library
#
# =Synopsis
#
# require 'ipaddress'
#
# =Description
#
# Class IPAddress::IPv4 is used to handle IPv4 type addresses.
#
class IPv4
include IPAddress
include Enumerable
include Comparable
#
# This Hash contains the prefix values for Classful networks
#
# Note that classes C, D and E will all have a default
# prefix of /24 or 255.255.255.0
#
CLASSFUL = {
/^0../ => 8, # Class A, from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
/^10./ => 16, # Class B, from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
/^110/ => 24 # Class C, D and E, from 192.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254
}
#
# Regular expression to match an IPv4 address
#
REGEXP = Regexp.new(/((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)/)
#
# Creates a new IPv4 address object.
#
# An IPv4 address can be expressed in any of the following forms:
#
# * "10.1.1.1/24": ip +address+ and +prefix+. This is the common and
# suggested way to create an object .
# * "10.1.1.1/255.255.255.0": ip +address+ and +netmask+. Although
# convenient sometimes, this format is less clear than the previous
# one.
# * "10.1.1.1": if the address alone is specified, the prefix will be
# set as default 32, also known as the host prefix
#
# Examples:
#
# # These two are the same
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("10.0.0.1/24")
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
#
# # These two are the same
# IPAddress::IPv4.new "10.0.0.1/8"
# IPAddress::IPv4.new "10.0.0.1/255.0.0.0"
#
def initialize(str)
raise ArgumentError, "Nil IP" unless str
ip, netmask = str.split("/")
# Check the ip and remove white space
if IPAddress.valid_ipv4?(ip)
@address = ip.strip
else
raise ArgumentError, "Invalid IP #{ip.inspect}"
end
# Check the netmask
if netmask # netmask is defined
netmask.strip!
if netmask =~ /^\d{1,2}$/ # netmask in cidr format
@prefix = Prefix32.new(netmask.to_i)
elsif IPAddress.valid_ipv4_netmask?(netmask) # netmask in IP format
@prefix = Prefix32.parse_netmask(netmask)
else # invalid netmask
raise ArgumentError, "Invalid netmask #{netmask}"
end
else # netmask is nil, reverting to defaul classful mask
@prefix = Prefix32.new(32)
end
# Array formed with the IP octets
@octets = @address.split(".").map{|i| i.to_i}
# 32 bits interger containing the address
@u32 = (@octets[0]<< 24) + (@octets[1]<< 16) + (@octets[2]<< 8) + (@octets[3])
@allocator = 0
end # def initialize
#
# Returns the address portion of the IPv4 object
# as a string.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
#
# ip.address
# #=> "172.16.100.4"
#
def address
@address
end
#
# When serializing to JSON format, just use the string representation
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
#
# ip.as_json
# #=> "172.16.100.4/22"
#
def as_json
to_string
end
#
# Returns the prefix portion of the IPv4 object
# as a IPAddress::Prefix32 object
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
#
# ip.prefix
# #=> 22
#
# ip.prefix.class
# #=> IPAddress::Prefix32
#
def prefix
@prefix
end
#
# Set a new prefix number for the object
#
# This is useful if you want to change the prefix
# to an object created with IPv4::parse_u32 or
# if the object was created using the classful
# mask.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4")
#
# puts ip
# #=> 172.16.100.4/16
#
# ip.prefix = 22
#
# puts ip
# #=> 172.16.100.4/22
#
def prefix=(num)
@prefix = Prefix32.new(num)
end
#
# Returns the address as an array of decimal values
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4")
#
# ip.octets
# #=> [172, 16, 100, 4]
#
def octets
@octets
end
#
# Returns a string with the address portion of
# the IPv4 object
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
#
# ip.to_s
# #=> "172.16.100.4"
#
def to_s
@address
end
#
# Returns a string with the IP address in canonical
# form.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
#
# ip.to_string
# #=> "172.16.100.4/22"
#
def to_string
"#@address/#@prefix"
end
#
# Returns the prefix as a string in IP format
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4/22")
#
# ip.netmask
# #=> "255.255.252.0"
#
def netmask
@prefix.to_ip
end
#
# Like IPv4#prefix=, this method allow you to
# change the prefix / netmask of an IP address
# object.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.4")
#
# puts ip
# #=> 172.16.100.4/16
#
# ip.netmask = "255.255.252.0"
#
# puts ip
# #=> 172.16.100.4/22
#
def netmask=(addr)
@prefix = Prefix32.parse_netmask(addr)
end
#
# Returns the address portion in unsigned
# 32 bits integer format.
#
# This method is identical to the C function
# inet_pton to create a 32 bits address family
# structure.
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.0/8")
#
# ip.to_i
# #=> 167772160
#
def u32
@u32
end
alias_method :to_i, :u32
alias_method :to_u32, :u32
#
# Returns the address portion in
# hex
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.0")
#
# ip.to_h
# #=> 0a000000
#
def hex(space=true)
"%.4x%.4x" % [to_u32].pack("N").unpack("nn")
end
alias_method :to_h, :hex
alias_method :to_hex, :hex
#
# Returns the address portion of an IPv4 object
# in a network byte order format.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
#
# ip.data
# #=> "\254\020\n\001"
#
# It is usually used to include an IP address
# in a data packet to be sent over a socket
#
# a = Socket.open(params) # socket details here
# ip = IPAddress("10.1.1.0/24")
# binary_data = ["Address: "].pack("a*") + ip.data
#
# # Send binary data
# a.puts binary_data
#
def data
[@u32].pack("N")
end
#
# Returns the octet specified by index
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.50/24")
#
# ip[0]
# #=> 172
# ip[1]
# #=> 16
# ip[2]
# #=> 100
# ip[3]
# #=> 50
#
def [](index)
@octets[index]
end
alias_method :octet, :[]
#
# Updated the octet specified at index
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.50/24")
# ip[2] = 200
#
# #=> #<IPAddress::IPv4:0x00000000000000 @address="172.16.200.1",
# #=> @prefix=32, @octets=[172, 16, 200, 1], @u32=2886780929>
#
def []=(index, value)
@octets[index] = value.to_i
initialize("#{@octets.join('.')}/#{prefix}")
end
alias_method :octet=, :[]=
#
# Returns the address portion of an IP in binary format,
# as a string containing a sequence of 0 and 1
#
# ip = IPAddress("127.0.0.1")
#
# ip.bits
# #=> "01111111000000000000000000000001"
#
def bits
data.unpack("B*").first
end
#
# Returns the broadcast address for the given IP.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/24")
#
# ip.broadcast.to_s
# #=> "172.16.10.255"
#
def broadcast
case
when prefix <= 30
self.class.parse_u32(broadcast_u32, @prefix)
when prefix == 31
self.class.parse_u32(-1, @prefix)
when prefix == 32
return self
end
end
#
# Checks if the IP address is actually a network
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/24")
#
# ip.network?
# #=> false
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/26")
#
# ip.network?
# #=> true
#
def network?
(@prefix < 32) && (@u32 | @prefix.to_u32 == @prefix.to_u32)
end
#
# Returns a new IPv4 object with the network number
# for the given IP.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/24")
#
# ip.network.to_s
# #=> "172.16.10.0"
#
def network
self.class.parse_u32(network_u32, @prefix)
end
#
# Returns a new IPv4 object containing only the host part of this IP.
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.64/24")
#
# ip.hostpart.to_s
# #=> "0.0.0.64"
#
def hostpart
self.class.parse_u32(hostpart_u32, 32)
end
#
# Returns a new IPv4 object with the
# first host IP address in the range.
#
# Example: given the 192.168.100.0/24 network, the first
# host IP address is 192.168.100.1.
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.0/24")
#
# ip.first.to_s
# #=> "192.168.100.1"
#
# The object IP doesn't need to be a network: the method
# automatically gets the network number from it
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.50/24")
#
# ip.first.to_s
# #=> "192.168.100.1"
#
def first
case
when prefix <= 30
self.class.parse_u32(network_u32+1, @prefix)
when prefix == 31
self.class.parse_u32(network_u32, @prefix)
when prefix == 32
return self
end
end
#
# Like its sibling method IPv4#first, this method
# returns a new IPv4 object with the
# last host IP address in the range.
#
# Example: given the 192.168.100.0/24 network, the last
# host IP address is 192.168.100.254
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.0/24")
#
# ip.last.to_s
# #=> "192.168.100.254"
#
# The object IP doesn't need to be a network: the method
# automatically gets the network number from it
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.100.50/24")
#
# ip.last.to_s
# #=> "192.168.100.254"
#
def last
case
when prefix <= 30
self.class.parse_u32(broadcast_u32-1, @prefix)
when prefix == 31
self.class.parse_u32(broadcast_u32, @prefix)
when prefix == 32
return self
end
end
#
# Iterates over all the hosts IP addresses for the given
# network (or IP address).
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
#
# ip.each_host do |i|
# p i.to_s
# end
# #=> "10.0.0.1"
# #=> "10.0.0.2"
# #=> "10.0.0.3"
# #=> "10.0.0.4"
# #=> "10.0.0.5"
# #=> "10.0.0.6"
#
def each_host
(network_u32+1..broadcast_u32-1).each do |i|
yield self.class.parse_u32(i, @prefix)
end
end
#
# Iterates over all the IP addresses for the given
# network (or IP address).
#
# The object yielded is a new IPv4 object created
# from the iteration.
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
#
# ip.each do |i|
# p i.address
# end
# #=> "10.0.0.0"
# #=> "10.0.0.1"
# #=> "10.0.0.2"
# #=> "10.0.0.3"
# #=> "10.0.0.4"
# #=> "10.0.0.5"
# #=> "10.0.0.6"
# #=> "10.0.0.7"
#
def each
(network_u32..broadcast_u32).each do |i|
yield self.class.parse_u32(i, @prefix)
end
end
#
# Returns the successor to the IP address
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.45.23/16")
#
# ip.succ.to_string
# => "192.168.45.24/16"
#
def succ
self.class.new("#{IPAddress.ntoa(to_u32.succ % 0x100000000)}/#{prefix}")
end
alias_method :next, :succ
#
# Returns the predecessor to the IP address
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.45.23/16")
#
# ip.pred.to_string
# => "192.168.45.22/16"
#
def pred
self.class.new("#{IPAddress.ntoa(to_u32.pred % 0x100000000)}/#{prefix}")
end
#
# Spaceship operator to compare IPv4 objects
#
# Comparing IPv4 addresses is useful to ordinate
# them into lists that match our intuitive
# perception of ordered IP addresses.
#
# The first comparison criteria is the u32 value.
# For example, 10.100.100.1 will be considered
# to be less than 172.16.0.1, because, in a ordered list,
# we expect 10.100.100.1 to come before 172.16.0.1.
#
# The second criteria, in case two IPv4 objects
# have identical addresses, is the prefix. An higher
# prefix will be considered greater than a lower
# prefix. This is because we expect to see
# 10.100.100.0/24 come before 10.100.100.0/25.
#
# Example:
#
# ip1 = IPAddress "10.100.100.1/8"
# ip2 = IPAddress "172.16.0.1/16"
# ip3 = IPAddress "10.100.100.1/16"
#
# ip1 < ip2
# #=> true
# ip1 > ip3
# #=> false
#
# [ip1,ip2,ip3].sort.map{|i| i.to_string}
# #=> ["10.100.100.1/8","10.100.100.1/16","172.16.0.1/16"]
#
def <=>(oth)
return nil unless oth.is_a?(self.class)
return prefix <=> oth.prefix if to_u32 == oth.to_u32
to_u32 <=> oth.to_u32
end
#
# Returns the number of IP addresses included
# in the network. It also counts the network
# address and the broadcast address.
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
#
# ip.size
# #=> 8
#
def size
2 ** @prefix.host_prefix
end
#
# Returns an array with the IP addresses of
# all the hosts in the network.
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
#
# ip.hosts.map {|i| i.address}
# #=> ["10.0.0.1",
# #=> "10.0.0.2",
# #=> "10.0.0.3",
# #=> "10.0.0.4",
# #=> "10.0.0.5",
# #=> "10.0.0.6"]
#
def hosts
to_a[1..-2]
end
#
# Returns the network number in Unsigned 32bits format
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/29")
#
# ip.network_u32
# #=> 167772160
#
def network_u32
@u32 & @prefix.to_u32
end
#
# Returns this address' host part in unsigned 32bits format
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.42/24")
#
# ip.host_u32
# #=> 42
#
def hostpart_u32
@u32 & ~@prefix.to_u32
end
#
# Returns the broadcast address in Unsigned 32bits format
#
# ip = IPaddress("10.0.0.1/29")
#
# ip.broadcast_u32
# #=> 167772167
#
def broadcast_u32
network_u32 + size - 1
end
#
# Checks whether a subnet includes the given IP address.
#
# Accepts an IPAddress::IPv4 object or a string.
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.10.100/24")
#
# addr = IPAddress("192.168.10.102/24")
#
# ip.include? addr
# #=> true
#
# ip.include? IPAddress("172.16.0.48/16")
# #=> false
#
# ip.include? "192.168.10.50"
# #=> true
#
def include?(oth)
unless oth.is_a? IPAddress::IPv4
oth = IPv4.new(oth)
end
@prefix <= oth.prefix and network_u32 == (oth.to_u32 & @prefix.to_u32)
end
#
# Checks whether a subnet includes all the
# given IPv4 objects or strings.
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.10.100/24")
#
# addr1 = IPAddress("192.168.10.102/24")
# addr2 = IPAddress("192.168.10.103/24")
#
# ip.include_all?(addr1,addr2)
# #=> true
#
# ip.include_all?("192.168.10.102/24", "192.168.10.103/24")
# #=> true
#
def include_all?(*others)
others.all? {|oth| include?(oth)}
end
#
# Checks if an IPv4 address objects belongs
# to a private network RFC1918
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress "10.1.1.1/24"
# ip.private?
# #=> true
#
def private?
[self.class.new("10.0.0.0/8"),
self.class.new("172.16.0.0/12"),
self.class.new("192.168.0.0/16")].any? {|i| i.include? self}
end
#
# Checks if an IPv4 address objects belongs
# to a multicast network RFC3171
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress "224.0.0.0/4"
# ip.multicast?
# #=> true
#
def multicast?
[self.class.new("224.0.0.0/4")].any? {|i| i.include? self}
end
#
# Checks if an IPv4 address objects belongs
# to a loopback network RFC1122
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress "127.0.0.1"
# ip.loopback?
# #=> true
#
def loopback?
[self.class.new("127.0.0.0/8")].any? {|i| i.include? self}
end
#
# Checks if an IPv4 address objects belongs
# to a link-local network RFC3927
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress "169.254.0.1"
# ip.link_local?
# #=> true
#
def link_local?
[self.class.new("169.254.0.0/16")].any? {|i| i.include? self}
end
#
# Returns the IP address in in-addr.arpa format
# for DNS lookups
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.50/24")
#
# ip.reverse
# #=> "50.100.16.172.in-addr.arpa"
#
def reverse
@octets.reverse.join(".") + ".in-addr.arpa"
end
alias_method :arpa, :reverse
#
# Return a list of IP's between @address
# and the supplied IP
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.100.51/32")
#
# ip.to("172.16.100.100")
# #=> ["172.16.100.51",
# #=> "172.16.100.52",
# #=> ...
# #=> "172.16.100.99",
# #=> "172.16.100.100"]
#
def to(e)
unless e.is_a? IPAddress::IPv4
e = IPv4.new(e)
end
Range.new(@u32, e.to_u32).map{|i| IPAddress.ntoa(i) }
end
#
# Splits a network into different subnets
#
# If the IP Address is a network, it can be divided into
# multiple networks. If +self+ is not a network, this
# method will calculate the network from the IP and then
# subnet it.
#
# If +subnets+ is an power of two number, the resulting
# networks will be divided evenly from the supernet.
#
# network = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
#
# network / 4 # implies map{|i| i.to_string}
# #=> ["172.16.10.0/26",
# #=> "172.16.10.64/26",
# #=> "172.16.10.128/26",
# #=> "172.16.10.192/26"]
#
# If +num+ is any other number, the supernet will be
# divided into some networks with a even number of hosts and
# other networks with the remaining addresses.
#
# network = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
#
# network / 3 # implies map{|i| i.to_string}
# #=> ["172.16.10.0/26",
# #=> "172.16.10.64/26",
# #=> "172.16.10.128/25"]
#
# Returns an array of IPv4 objects
#
def split(subnets=2)
unless (1..(2**@prefix.host_prefix)).include? subnets
raise ArgumentError, "Value #{subnets} out of range"
end
networks = subnet(newprefix(subnets))
until networks.size == subnets
networks = sum_first_found(networks)
end
return networks
end
alias_method :/, :split
#
# Returns a new IPv4 object from the supernetting
# of the instance network.
#
# Supernetting is similar to subnetting, except
# that you getting as a result a network with a
# smaller prefix (bigger host space). For example,
# given the network
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
#
# you can supernet it with a new /23 prefix
#
# ip.supernet(23).to_string
# #=> "172.16.10.0/23"
#
# However if you supernet it with a /22 prefix, the
# network address will change:
#
# ip.supernet(22).to_string
# #=> "172.16.8.0/22"
#
# If +new_prefix+ is less than 1, returns 0.0.0.0/0
#
def supernet(new_prefix)
raise ArgumentError, "New prefix must be smaller than existing prefix" if new_prefix >= @prefix.to_i
return self.class.new("0.0.0.0/0") if new_prefix < 1
return self.class.new(@address+"/#{new_prefix}").network
end
#
# This method implements the subnetting function
# similar to the one described in RFC3531.
#
# By specifying a new prefix, the method calculates
# the network number for the given IPv4 object
# and calculates the subnets associated to the new
# prefix.
#
# For example, given the following network:
#
# ip = IPAddress "172.16.10.0/24"
#
# we can calculate the subnets with a /26 prefix
#
# ip.subnet(26).map{&:to_string)
# #=> ["172.16.10.0/26", "172.16.10.64/26",
# "172.16.10.128/26", "172.16.10.192/26"]
#
# The resulting number of subnets will of course always be
# a power of two.
#
def subnet(subprefix)
unless ((@prefix.to_i)..32).include? subprefix
raise ArgumentError, "New prefix must be between #@prefix and 32"
end
Array.new(2**(subprefix-@prefix.to_i)) do |i|
self.class.parse_u32(network_u32+(i*(2**(32-subprefix))), subprefix)
end
end
#
# Returns the difference between two IP addresses
# in unsigned int 32 bits format
#
# Example:
#
# ip1 = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
# ip2 = IPAddress("172.16.11.0/24")
#
# puts ip1 - ip2
# #=> 256
#
def -(oth)
return (to_u32 - oth.to_u32).abs
end
#
# Returns a new IPv4 object which is the result
# of the summarization, if possible, of the two
# objects
#
# Example:
#
# ip1 = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
# ip2 = IPAddress("172.16.11.2/24")
#
# p (ip1 + ip2).map {|i| i.to_string}
# #=> ["172.16.10.0/23"]
#
# If the networks are not contiguous, returns
# the two network numbers from the objects
#
# ip1 = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
# ip2 = IPAddress("10.0.2.1/24")
#
# p (ip1 + ip2).map {|i| i.to_string}
# #=> ["10.0.0.0/24","10.0.2.0/24"]
#
def +(oth)
aggregate(*[self,oth].sort.map{|i| i.network})
end
#
# Returns a new IPv4 object which is the result
# of advancing this IP address by a given value.
# In other words, this arithmetically adds IP addresses.
#
# Will raise an error if the resulting address is in a different subnet,
# except validating is set to false.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("172.16.10.1/24")
# ip.add(5).to_string
# #=> "172.16.10.6/24"
def add(oth, validating=true)
oth = oth.to_i if oth.kind_of? IPAddress::IPv4 # oth shall be integer
new_obj = self.class.parse_u32(self.to_i + oth, prefix)
if validating and self.network_u32 != new_obj.network_u32
raise RuntimeError, "Subnet (/#{@prefix}) is not large enough."
end
new_obj
end
#
# Returns a new IPv4 object which is the result
# of decreasing this IP address by a given value.
# In other words, this arithmetically subtracts IP addresses.
#
# Will raise an error if the resulting address is in a different subnet,
# except validating is set to false.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("172.16.10.10/24")
# ip.subtract(5).to_string
# #=> "172.16.10.5/24"
def subtract(oth, validating=true)
oth = oth.to_i if oth.kind_of? IPAddress::IPv4 # oth shall be integer
add(-oth, validating)
end
#
# Returns the network address of the n-th network succeeding this one.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("172.16.10.0/24")
# ip.advance_network(24).to_string
# #=> "172.16.52.0/24"
def advance_network(amount)
IPAddress::IPv4.parse_u32(self.network.u32 + amount*self.size, @prefix)
end
#
# Returns the network address of the network succeeding this one.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("172.16.10.0/24")
# ip.next_network.to_string
# #=> "172.16.11.0/24"
def next_network
advance_network 1
end
#
# Returns the network address of the n-th network preceeding this one.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("172.16.10.0/24")
# ip.regress_network(5).to_string
# #=> "172.16.5.0/24"
def regress_network(amount)
advance_network(-amount)
end
#
# Returns the network address of the network preceeding this one.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.new("172.16.10.0/24")
# ip.previous_network.to_string
# #=> "172.16.9.0/24"
def previous_network
regress_network 1
end
#
# Checks whether the ip address belongs to a
# RFC 791 CLASS A network, no matter
# what the subnet mask is.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
#
# ip.a?
# #=> true
#
def a?
CLASSFUL.key(8) === bits
end
#
# Checks whether the ip address belongs to a
# RFC 791 CLASS B network, no matter
# what the subnet mask is.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
#
# ip.b?
# #=> true
#
def b?
CLASSFUL.key(16) === bits
end
#
# Checks whether the ip address belongs to a
# RFC 791 CLASS C network, no matter
# what the subnet mask is.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("192.168.1.1/30")
#
# ip.c?
# #=> true
#
def c?
CLASSFUL.key(24) === bits
end
#
# Return the ip address in a format compatible
# with the IPv6 Mapped IPv4 addresses
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
#
# ip.to_ipv6
# #=> "ac10:0a01"
#
def to_ipv6
"%.4x:%.4x" % [to_u32].pack("N").unpack("nn")
end
#
# Creates a new IPv4 object from an
# unsigned 32bits integer.
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4::parse_u32(167772160)
#
# ip.prefix = 8
# ip.to_string
# #=> "10.0.0.0/8"
#
# The +prefix+ parameter is optional:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4::parse_u32(167772160, 8)
#
# ip.to_string
# #=> "10.0.0.0/8"
#
def self.parse_u32(u32, prefix=32)
self.new([u32].pack("N").unpack("C4").join(".")+"/#{prefix}")
end
#
# Creates a new IPv4 object from binary data,
# like the one you get from a network stream.
#
# For example, on a network stream the IP 172.16.0.1
# is represented with the binary "\254\020\n\001".
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4::parse_data "\254\020\n\001"
# ip.prefix = 24
#
# ip.to_string
# #=> "172.16.10.1/24"
#
def self.parse_data(str, prefix=32)
self.new(str.unpack("C4").join(".")+"/#{prefix}")
end
#
# Extract an IPv4 address from a string and
# returns a new object
#
# Example:
#
# str = "foobar172.16.10.1barbaz"
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4::extract str
#
# ip.to_s
# #=> "172.16.10.1"
#
def self.extract(str)
self.new REGEXP.match(str).to_s
end
#
# Summarization (or aggregation) is the process when two or more
# networks are taken together to check if a supernet, including all
# and only these networks, exists. If it exists then this supernet
# is called the summarized (or aggregated) network.
#
# It is very important to understand that summarization can only
# occur if there are no holes in the aggregated network, or, in other
# words, if the given networks fill completely the address space
# of the supernet. So the two rules are:
#
# 1) The aggregate network must contain +all+ the IP addresses of the
# original networks;
# 2) The aggregate network must contain +only+ the IP addresses of the
# original networks;
#
# A few examples will help clarify the above. Let's consider for
# instance the following two networks:
#
# ip1 = IPAddress("172.16.10.0/24")
# ip2 = IPAddress("172.16.11.0/24")
#
# These two networks can be expressed using only one IP address
# network if we change the prefix. Let Ruby do the work:
#
# IPAddress::IPv4::summarize(ip1,ip2).to_s
# #=> "172.16.10.0/23"
#
# We note how the network "172.16.10.0/23" includes all the addresses
# specified in the above networks, and (more important) includes
# ONLY those addresses.
#
# If we summarized +ip1+ and +ip2+ with the following network:
#
# "172.16.0.0/16"
#
# we would have satisfied rule #1 above, but not rule #2. So "172.16.0.0/16"
# is not an aggregate network for +ip1+ and +ip2+.
#
# If it's not possible to compute a single aggregated network for all the
# original networks, the method returns an array with all the aggregate
# networks found. For example, the following four networks can be
# aggregated in a single /22:
#
# ip1 = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
# ip2 = IPAddress("10.0.1.1/24")
# ip3 = IPAddress("10.0.2.1/24")
# ip4 = IPAddress("10.0.3.1/24")
#
# IPAddress::IPv4::summarize(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4).to_string
# #=> "10.0.0.0/22",
#
# But the following networks can't be summarized in a single network:
#
# ip1 = IPAddress("10.0.1.1/24")
# ip2 = IPAddress("10.0.2.1/24")
# ip3 = IPAddress("10.0.3.1/24")
# ip4 = IPAddress("10.0.4.1/24")
#
# IPAddress::IPv4::summarize(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4).map{|i| i.to_string}
# #=> ["10.0.1.0/24","10.0.2.0/23","10.0.4.0/24"]
#
def self.summarize(*args)
# one network? no need to summarize
return [args.first.network] if args.size == 1
i = 0
result = args.dup.sort.map{|ip| ip.network}
while i < result.size-1
sum = result[i] + result[i+1]
result[i..i+1] = sum.first if sum.size == 1
i += 1
end
result.flatten!
if result.size == args.size
# nothing more to summarize
return result
else
# keep on summarizing
return self.summarize(*result)
end
end
#
# Creates a new IPv4 address object by parsing the
# address in a classful way.
#
# Classful addresses have a fixed netmask based on the
# class they belong to:
#
# * Class A, from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
# * Class B, from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
# * Class C, D and E, from 192.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress::IPv4.parse_classful "10.0.0.1"
#
# ip.netmask
# #=> "255.0.0.0"
# ip.a?
# #=> true
#
# Note that classes C, D and E will all have a default
# prefix of /24 or 255.255.255.0
#
def self.parse_classful(ip)
if IPAddress.valid_ipv4?(ip)
address = ip.strip
else
raise ArgumentError, "Invalid IP #{ip.inspect}"
end
prefix = CLASSFUL.find{|h,k| h === ("%.8b" % address.to_i)}.last
self.new "#{address}/#{prefix}"
end
#
# Allocates a new ip from the current subnet. Optional skip parameter
# can be used to skip addresses.
#
# Will raise StopIteration exception when all addresses have been allocated
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.0/24")
# ip.allocate
# #=> "10.0.0.1/24"
# ip.allocate
# #=> "10.0.0.2/24"
# ip.allocate(2)
# #=> "10.0.0.5/24"
#
#
# Uses an internal @allocator which tracks the state of allocated
# addresses.
#
def allocate(skip=0)
@allocator += 1 + skip
next_ip = network_u32+@allocator
if next_ip > broadcast_u32+1
raise StopIteration
end
self.class.parse_u32(network_u32+@allocator, @prefix)
end
#
# Finds the adjacent block to a subnet.
#
# Example:
#
# ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.0/24")
# ip.find_adjacent_subnet
# #=> "10.0.1.0/24"
#
def find_adjacent_subnet
return false if prefix == 0
current_subnet = to_string
self.prefix = @prefix - 1
adjacent_subnet = (split.map{|i| i.to_string} - [current_subnet])[0]
self.prefix = @prefix + 1
return adjacent_subnet
end
#
# private methods
#
private
# Tweaked to remove the #upto(32)
def newprefix(num)
return @prefix + (Math::log2(num).ceil )
end
def sum_first_found(arr)
dup = arr.dup.reverse
dup.each_with_index do |obj,i|
a = [self.class.summarize(obj,dup[i+1])].flatten
if a.size == 1
dup[i..i+1] = a
return dup.reverse
end
end
return dup.reverse
end
def aggregate(ip1,ip2)
return [ip1] if ip1.include? ip2
snet = ip1.supernet(ip1.prefix-1)
if snet.include_all?(ip1, ip2) && ((ip1.size + ip2.size) == snet.size)
return [snet]
else
return [ip1, ip2]
end
end
end # class IPv4
end # module IPAddress