Unprotected mass assignment Open
new_still_image = StillImage.create({ title: 'Child Image', basket_id: Basket.first }.merge(options))
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Mass assignment is a feature of Rails which allows an application to create a record from the values of a hash.
Example:
User.new(params[:user])
Unfortunately, if there is a user field called admin
which controls administrator access, now any user can make themselves an administrator.
attr_accessible
and attr_protected
can be used to limit mass assignment. However, Brakeman will warn unless attr_accessible
is used, or mass assignment is completely disabled.
There are two different mass assignment warnings which can arise. The first is when mass assignment actually occurs, such as the example above. This results in a warning like
Unprotected mass assignment near line 61: User.new(params[:user])
The other warning is raised whenever a model is found which does not use attr_accessible
. This produces generic warnings like
Mass assignment is not restricted using attr_accessible
with a list of affected models.
In Rails 3.1 and newer, mass assignment can easily be disabled:
config.active_record.whitelist_attributes = true
Unfortunately, it can also easily be bypassed:
User.new(params[:user], :without_protection => true)
Brakeman will warn on uses of without_protection
.
Assignment Branch Condition size for included is too high. [135.2/15] Open
def self.included(base)
base.class_eval do
if base.name == 'IndexPageControllerTest'
context 'The index page' do
setup do
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This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric
Method has too many lines. [114/10] Open
def self.included(base)
base.class_eval do
if base.name == 'IndexPageControllerTest'
context 'The index page' do
setup do
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Module has too many lines. [118/100] Open
module ImageSlideshowTestHelper
unless included_modules.include? ImageSlideshowTestHelper
def self.included(base)
base.class_eval do
if base.name == 'IndexPageControllerTest'
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length a module exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Block has too many lines. [112/25] Open
base.class_eval do
if base.name == 'IndexPageControllerTest'
context 'The index page' do
setup do
3.times { |i| create_new_still_image_with(title: "site basket image #{i + 1}") }
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a block exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable. The cop can be configured to ignore blocks passed to certain methods.
Assignment Branch Condition size for run_through_selected_images is too high. [45.5/15] Open
def run_through_selected_images(options = {})
options[:current] = options[:current].blank? ? 1 : options[:current].blank?
selected_image_params = options.delete(:selected_image_params)
if @topic
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric
Method included
has 114 lines of code (exceeds 25 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def self.included(base)
base.class_eval do
if base.name == 'IndexPageControllerTest'
context 'The index page' do
setup do
Assignment Branch Condition size for check_slideshow_values_correct is too high. [34.37/15] Open
def check_slideshow_values_correct(options = {})
assert_equal (options[:total] || 3), session['image_slideshow']['results'].size
assert_equal (options[:total] || 3), session['image_slideshow']['total']
assert_equal (options[:topic_id] || @topic.id), session['image_slideshow']['key']['slideshow_topic_id'] if options[:topic_id]
# we do not store a last requested if this is the last image in the slideshow
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric
Method has too many lines. [27/10] Open
def run_through_selected_images(options = {})
options[:current] = options[:current].blank? ? 1 : options[:current].blank?
selected_image_params = options.delete(:selected_image_params)
if @topic
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Perceived complexity for included is too high. [12/7] Open
def self.included(base)
base.class_eval do
if base.name == 'IndexPageControllerTest'
context 'The index page' do
setup do
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This cop tries to produce a complexity score that's a measure of the
complexity the reader experiences when looking at a method. For that
reason it considers when
nodes as something that doesn't add as much
complexity as an if
or a &&
. Except if it's one of those special
case
/when
constructs where there's no expression after case
. Then
the cop treats it as an if
/elsif
/elsif
... and lets all the when
nodes count. In contrast to the CyclomaticComplexity cop, this cop
considers else
nodes as adding complexity.
Example:
def my_method # 1
if cond # 1
case var # 2 (0.8 + 4 * 0.2, rounded)
when 1 then func_one
when 2 then func_two
when 3 then func_three
when 4..10 then func_other
end
else # 1
do_something until a && b # 2
end # ===
end # 7 complexity points
Cyclomatic complexity for included is too high. [10/6] Open
def self.included(base)
base.class_eval do
if base.name == 'IndexPageControllerTest'
context 'The index page' do
setup do
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the cyclomatic complexity of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The cyclomatic complexity is the number of linearly independent paths through a method. The algorithm counts decision points and adds one.
An if statement (or unless or ?:) increases the complexity by one. An else branch does not, since it doesn't add a decision point. The && operator (or keyword and) can be converted to a nested if statement, and ||/or is shorthand for a sequence of ifs, so they also add one. Loops can be said to have an exit condition, so they add one.
Method run_through_selected_images
has a Cognitive Complexity of 11 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def run_through_selected_images(options = {})
options[:current] = options[:current].blank? ? 1 : options[:current].blank?
selected_image_params = options.delete(:selected_image_params)
if @topic
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Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Method check_slideshow_values_correct
has a Cognitive Complexity of 9 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def check_slideshow_values_correct(options = {})
assert_equal (options[:total] || 3), session['image_slideshow']['results'].size
assert_equal (options[:total] || 3), session['image_slideshow']['total']
assert_equal (options[:topic_id] || @topic.id), session['image_slideshow']['key']['slideshow_topic_id'] if options[:topic_id]
# we do not store a last requested if this is the last image in the slideshow
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Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Block has too many lines. [29/25] Open
context 'The topic related image slideshow' do
context 'when several images are related to a topic' do
setup do
@non_site_basket_1 = create_new_basket({ name: 'basket 1' })
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a block exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable. The cop can be configured to ignore blocks passed to certain methods.
Block has too many lines. [27/25] Open
context 'when several images are related to a topic' do
setup do
@non_site_basket_1 = create_new_basket({ name: 'basket 1' })
@topic = Topic.create(title: 'Parent Topic', topic_type_id: TopicType.first, basket_id: @non_site_basket_1.id)
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a block exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable. The cop can be configured to ignore blocks passed to certain methods.
Unused method argument - topic
. If it's necessary, use _
or _topic
as an argument name to indicate that it won't be used. Open
def create_new_image_relation_to(topic, options = {})
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This cop checks for unused method arguments.
Example:
# bad
def some_method(used, unused, _unused_but_allowed)
puts used
end
Example:
# good
def some_method(used, _unused, _unused_but_allowed)
puts used
end
Redundant curly braces around a hash parameter. Open
check_slideshow_values_correct(options.merge({ current: nil }))
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This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call
if the last parameter is a hash.
It supports braces
, no_braces
and context_dependent
styles.
Example: EnforcedStyle: braces
# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.
# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)
# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent
# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})
Redundant curly braces around a hash parameter. Open
check_slideshow_values_correct(options.merge({ current: 0 }))
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call
if the last parameter is a hash.
It supports braces
, no_braces
and context_dependent
styles.
Example: EnforcedStyle: braces
# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.
# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)
# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent
# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})
Redundant curly braces around a hash parameter. Open
@different_basket = create_new_basket({ name: 'different basket' })
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call
if the last parameter is a hash.
It supports braces
, no_braces
and context_dependent
styles.
Example: EnforcedStyle: braces
# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.
# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)
# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent
# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})
Redundant curly braces around a hash parameter. Open
@non_site_basket_1 = create_new_basket({ name: 'basket 1' })
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call
if the last parameter is a hash.
It supports braces
, no_braces
and context_dependent
styles.
Example: EnforcedStyle: braces
# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.
# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)
# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent
# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})
Redundant curly braces around a hash parameter. Open
basket_id: create_new_basket({ name: "basket #{i + 1}" }).id,
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call
if the last parameter is a hash.
It supports braces
, no_braces
and context_dependent
styles.
Example: EnforcedStyle: braces
# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.
# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)
# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent
# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})
Redundant curly braces around a hash parameter. Open
check_slideshow_values_correct(options.merge({ current: 0 }))
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call
if the last parameter is a hash.
It supports braces
, no_braces
and context_dependent
styles.
Example: EnforcedStyle: braces
# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.
# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)
# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent
# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})
Use normalcase for variable numbers. Open
@non_site_basket_1 = create_new_basket({ name: 'basket 1' })
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- Exclude checks
This cop makes sure that all numbered variables use the configured style, snakecase, normalcase or noninteger, for their numbering.
Example: EnforcedStyle: snake_case
# bad
variable1 = 1
# good
variable_1 = 1
Example: EnforcedStyle: normalcase (default)
# bad
variable_1 = 1
# good
variable1 = 1
Example: EnforcedStyle: non_integer
# bad
variable1 = 1
variable_1 = 1
# good
variableone = 1
variable_one = 1
Useless assignment to variable - new_image_file
. Open
new_image_file = ImageFile.create(uploaded_data: @@documentdata, still_image_id: new_still_image.id)
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks for every useless assignment to local variable in every
scope.
The basic idea for this cop was from the warning of ruby -cw
:
assigned but unused variable - foo
Currently this cop has advanced logic that detects unreferenced reassignments and properly handles varied cases such as branch, loop, rescue, ensure, etc.
Example:
# bad
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something
end
Example:
# good
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something(some_var)
end
Replace class var @@documentdata with a class instance var. Open
@@documentdata ||= fixture_file_upload('/files/white.jpg', 'image/jpeg')
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- Exclude checks
This cop checks for uses of class variables. Offenses are signaled only on assignment to class variables to reduce the number of offenses that would be reported.
Do not use unless
with else
. Rewrite these with the positive case first. Open
unless options[:current].blank?
assert_equal session['image_slideshow']['results'][options[:current]], session['image_slideshow']['last_requested']
else
assert_equal nil, session['image_slideshow']['last_requested']
end
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- Exclude checks
This cop looks for unless expressions with else clauses.
Example:
# bad
unless foo_bar.nil?
# do something...
else
# do a different thing...
end
# good
if foo_bar.present?
# do something...
else
# do a different thing...
end