Possible SQL injection Open
conditions: "extended_content like \'%<user_reference xml_element_name=\"dc:identifier\">#{cleaned_up_accessno}</user_reference>%\' AND topic_type_id = #{@related_topic_type.id}"
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Injection is #1 on the 2013 OWASP Top Ten web security risks. SQL injection is when a user is able to manipulate a value which is used unsafely inside a SQL query. This can lead to data leaks, data loss, elevation of privilege, and other unpleasant outcomes.
Brakeman focuses on ActiveRecord methods dealing with building SQL statements.
A basic (Rails 2.x) example looks like this:
User.first(:conditions => "username = '#{params[:username]}'")
Brakeman would produce a warning like this:
Possible SQL injection near line 30: User.first(:conditions => ("username = '#{params[:username]}'"))
The safe way to do this query is to use a parameterized query:
User.first(:conditions => ["username = ?", params[:username]])
Brakeman also understands the new Rails 3.x way of doing things (and local variables and concatenation):
username = params[:user][:name].downcase
password = params[:user][:password]
User.first.where("username = '" + username + "' AND password = '" + password + "'")
This results in this kind of warning:
Possible SQL injection near line 37:
User.first.where((((("username = '" + params[:user][:name].downcase) + "' AND password = '") + params[:user][:password]) + "'"))
See the Ruby Security Guide for more information and Rails-SQLi.org for many examples of SQL injection in Rails.
Possible SQL injection Open
conditions: "filename = \'#{File.basename(path_to_file_to_grab)}\' and extended_content like \'%<user_reference xml_element_name=\"dc:identifier\">#{objectid}</user_reference>%\'"
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Injection is #1 on the 2013 OWASP Top Ten web security risks. SQL injection is when a user is able to manipulate a value which is used unsafely inside a SQL query. This can lead to data leaks, data loss, elevation of privilege, and other unpleasant outcomes.
Brakeman focuses on ActiveRecord methods dealing with building SQL statements.
A basic (Rails 2.x) example looks like this:
User.first(:conditions => "username = '#{params[:username]}'")
Brakeman would produce a warning like this:
Possible SQL injection near line 30: User.first(:conditions => ("username = '#{params[:username]}'"))
The safe way to do this query is to use a parameterized query:
User.first(:conditions => ["username = ?", params[:username]])
Brakeman also understands the new Rails 3.x way of doing things (and local variables and concatenation):
username = params[:user][:name].downcase
password = params[:user][:password]
User.first.where("username = '" + username + "' AND password = '" + password + "'")
This results in this kind of warning:
Possible SQL injection near line 37:
User.first.where((((("username = '" + params[:user][:name].downcase) + "' AND password = '") + params[:user][:password]) + "'"))
See the Ruby Security Guide for more information and Rails-SQLi.org for many examples of SQL injection in Rails.
Model attribute used in file name Open
@import_accessions_xml = REXML::Document.new File.open(@path_to_trimmed_accessions)
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Using user input when accessing files (local or remote) will raise a warning in Brakeman.
For example
File.open("/tmp/#{cookie[:file]}")
will raise an error like
Cookie value used in file name near line 4: File.open("/tmp/#{cookie[:file]}")
This type of vulnerability can be used to access arbitrary files on a server (including /etc/passwd
.
Possible SQL injection Open
conditions: "extended_content like \'%<user_reference xml_element_name=\"dc:identifier\">#{related_topic_pp4_objectid}</user_reference>%\' AND topic_type_id = #{@related_topic_type.id}"
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Injection is #1 on the 2013 OWASP Top Ten web security risks. SQL injection is when a user is able to manipulate a value which is used unsafely inside a SQL query. This can lead to data leaks, data loss, elevation of privilege, and other unpleasant outcomes.
Brakeman focuses on ActiveRecord methods dealing with building SQL statements.
A basic (Rails 2.x) example looks like this:
User.first(:conditions => "username = '#{params[:username]}'")
Brakeman would produce a warning like this:
Possible SQL injection near line 30: User.first(:conditions => ("username = '#{params[:username]}'"))
The safe way to do this query is to use a parameterized query:
User.first(:conditions => ["username = ?", params[:username]])
Brakeman also understands the new Rails 3.x way of doing things (and local variables and concatenation):
username = params[:user][:name].downcase
password = params[:user][:password]
User.first.where("username = '" + username + "' AND password = '" + password + "'")
This results in this kind of warning:
Possible SQL injection near line 37:
User.first.where((((("username = '" + params[:user][:name].downcase) + "' AND password = '") + params[:user][:password]) + "'"))
See the Ruby Security Guide for more information and Rails-SQLi.org for many examples of SQL injection in Rails.
Model attribute used in file name Open
@import_photos_xml = REXML::Document.new File.open(@path_to_trimmed_photos)
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Using user input when accessing files (local or remote) will raise a warning in Brakeman.
For example
File.open("/tmp/#{cookie[:file]}")
will raise an error like
Cookie value used in file name near line 4: File.open("/tmp/#{cookie[:file]}")
This type of vulnerability can be used to access arbitrary files on a server (including /etc/passwd
.
Assignment Branch Condition size for create_new_item_from_record is too high. [217.7/15] Open
def create_new_item_from_record(record, zoom_class, options = {})
zoom_class_for_params = zoom_class.tableize.singularize
params = options[:params]
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric
Class has too many lines. [343/100] Open
class PastPerfect4ImporterWorker < BackgrounDRb::MetaWorker
set_worker_name :past_perfect4_importer_worker
set_no_auto_load true
# importer has the version of methods that will work in the context
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length a class exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Method has too many lines. [154/10] Open
def create_new_item_from_record(record, zoom_class, options = {})
zoom_class_for_params = zoom_class.tableize.singularize
params = options[:params]
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Assignment Branch Condition size for importer_process is too high. [139.6/15] Open
def importer_process(record, params)
current_record = @results[:records_processed] + 1
logger.info("starting record #{current_record}")
# clear this out so last related_topic
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric
Method has too many lines. [120/10] Open
def importer_process(record, params)
current_record = @results[:records_processed] + 1
logger.info("starting record #{current_record}")
# clear this out so last related_topic
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Method create_new_item_from_record
has a Cognitive Complexity of 80 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def create_new_item_from_record(record, zoom_class, options = {})
zoom_class_for_params = zoom_class.tableize.singularize
params = options[:params]
- Read upRead up
Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Method importer_process
has a Cognitive Complexity of 73 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def importer_process(record, params)
current_record = @results[:records_processed] + 1
logger.info("starting record #{current_record}")
# clear this out so last related_topic
- Read upRead up
Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Perceived complexity for create_new_item_from_record is too high. [51/7] Open
def create_new_item_from_record(record, zoom_class, options = {})
zoom_class_for_params = zoom_class.tableize.singularize
params = options[:params]
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop tries to produce a complexity score that's a measure of the
complexity the reader experiences when looking at a method. For that
reason it considers when
nodes as something that doesn't add as much
complexity as an if
or a &&
. Except if it's one of those special
case
/when
constructs where there's no expression after case
. Then
the cop treats it as an if
/elsif
/elsif
... and lets all the when
nodes count. In contrast to the CyclomaticComplexity cop, this cop
considers else
nodes as adding complexity.
Example:
def my_method # 1
if cond # 1
case var # 2 (0.8 + 4 * 0.2, rounded)
when 1 then func_one
when 2 then func_two
when 3 then func_three
when 4..10 then func_other
end
else # 1
do_something until a && b # 2
end # ===
end # 7 complexity points
Assignment Branch Condition size for do_work is too high. [55.98/15] Open
def do_work(args = nil)
logger.info('in worker')
begin
@zoom_class = args[:zoom_class]
@import = Import.find(args[:import])
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the ABC size of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The ABC size is based on assignments, branches (method calls), and conditions. See http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AbcMetric
Method create_new_item_from_record
has 154 lines of code (exceeds 25 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def create_new_item_from_record(record, zoom_class, options = {})
zoom_class_for_params = zoom_class.tableize.singularize
params = options[:params]
Cyclomatic complexity for create_new_item_from_record is too high. [43/6] Open
def create_new_item_from_record(record, zoom_class, options = {})
zoom_class_for_params = zoom_class.tableize.singularize
params = options[:params]
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the cyclomatic complexity of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The cyclomatic complexity is the number of linearly independent paths through a method. The algorithm counts decision points and adds one.
An if statement (or unless or ?:) increases the complexity by one. An else branch does not, since it doesn't add a decision point. The && operator (or keyword and) can be converted to a nested if statement, and ||/or is shorthand for a sequence of ifs, so they also add one. Loops can be said to have an exit condition, so they add one.
Method has too many lines. [42/10] Open
def do_work(args = nil)
logger.info('in worker')
begin
@zoom_class = args[:zoom_class]
@import = Import.find(args[:import])
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Method importer_process
has 120 lines of code (exceeds 25 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def importer_process(record, params)
current_record = @results[:records_processed] + 1
logger.info("starting record #{current_record}")
# clear this out so last related_topic
Perceived complexity for importer_process is too high. [33/7] Open
def importer_process(record, params)
current_record = @results[:records_processed] + 1
logger.info("starting record #{current_record}")
# clear this out so last related_topic
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop tries to produce a complexity score that's a measure of the
complexity the reader experiences when looking at a method. For that
reason it considers when
nodes as something that doesn't add as much
complexity as an if
or a &&
. Except if it's one of those special
case
/when
constructs where there's no expression after case
. Then
the cop treats it as an if
/elsif
/elsif
... and lets all the when
nodes count. In contrast to the CyclomaticComplexity cop, this cop
considers else
nodes as adding complexity.
Example:
def my_method # 1
if cond # 1
case var # 2 (0.8 + 4 * 0.2, rounded)
when 1 then func_one
when 2 then func_two
when 3 then func_three
when 4..10 then func_other
end
else # 1
do_something until a && b # 2
end # ===
end # 7 complexity points
File past_perfect4_importer_worker.rb
has 348 lines of code (exceeds 250 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
require 'rexml/document'
require 'redcloth'
require 'importer'
# past perfect 4 xml output importer
# only handling photos for the moment
Cyclomatic complexity for importer_process is too high. [28/6] Open
def importer_process(record, params)
current_record = @results[:records_processed] + 1
logger.info("starting record #{current_record}")
# clear this out so last related_topic
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks that the cyclomatic complexity of methods is not higher than the configured maximum. The cyclomatic complexity is the number of linearly independent paths through a method. The algorithm counts decision points and adds one.
An if statement (or unless or ?:) increases the complexity by one. An else branch does not, since it doesn't add a decision point. The && operator (or keyword and) can be converted to a nested if statement, and ||/or is shorthand for a sequence of ifs, so they also add one. Loops can be said to have an exit condition, so they add one.
Block has too many lines. [55/25] Open
record_hash.keys.each do |record_field|
value = record_hash[record_field]
if !value.nil?
value = value.strip
# replace \r with \n
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a block exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable. The cop can be configured to ignore blocks passed to certain methods.
Method has too many lines. [11/10] Open
def determine_elements_used(in_file)
# assume original style root element and paths
@root_element_name = 'Root'
@record_element_path = 'Information/Record'
# this should tell us what we need to know by around the second line
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks if the length of a method exceeds some maximum value. Comment lines can optionally be ignored. The maximum allowed length is configurable.
Method do_work
has 42 lines of code (exceeds 25 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def do_work(args = nil)
logger.info('in worker')
begin
@zoom_class = args[:zoom_class]
@import = Import.find(args[:import])
Avoid deeply nested control flow statements. Open
if !related_accession_record.blank? && related_topic.nil?
accession_record_hash = importer_xml_record_to_hash(related_accession_record, true)
# create a new topic from related_accession_record
# prepare user_reference for extended_content
Avoid deeply nested control flow statements. Open
if related_accession_record.blank?
cleaned_accessno_array = related_topic_pp4_objectid.split('.')
cleaned_up_accessno = cleaned_accessno_array[0] + '.' + cleaned_accessno_array[1]
logger.info('looking for cleaned up accession: ' + cleaned_up_accessno)
Avoid more than 3 levels of block nesting. Open
description_end_template = text if !image_objectid.scan(pattern).blank?
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for excessive nesting of conditional and looping constructs.
You can configure if blocks are considered using the CountBlocks
option. When set to false
(the default) blocks are not counted
towards the nesting level. Set to true
to count blocks as well.
The maximum level of nesting allowed is configurable.
Avoid more than 3 levels of block nesting. Open
if @last_related_topic.nil? || (related_topic.id != @last_related_topic.id)
# update the last topic, since we are done adding things to it for now
related_topic.prepare_and_save_to_zoom
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for excessive nesting of conditional and looping constructs.
You can configure if blocks are considered using the CountBlocks
option. When set to false
(the default) blocks are not counted
towards the nesting level. Set to true
to count blocks as well.
The maximum level of nesting allowed is configurable.
Avoid more than 3 levels of block nesting. Open
if params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] = value
else
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] += "\n" + value
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for excessive nesting of conditional and looping constructs.
You can configure if blocks are considered using the CountBlocks
option. When set to false
(the default) blocks are not counted
towards the nesting level. Set to true
to count blocks as well.
The maximum level of nesting allowed is configurable.
Avoid more than 3 levels of block nesting. Open
if !@collections_to_skip.include?(record_hash['COLLECTION'])
# file may time out
related_accession_record = nil
related_accession_record = @import_accessions_xml_root.elements["#{@record_element_path}[@ACCESSNO=\'#{related_topic_pp4_objectid}\']"]
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for excessive nesting of conditional and looping constructs.
You can configure if blocks are considered using the CountBlocks
option. When set to false
(the default) blocks are not counted
towards the nesting level. Set to true
to count blocks as well.
The maximum level of nesting allowed is configurable.
Avoid more than 3 levels of block nesting. Open
if !names_array[1].nil?
first_names = names_array[1].split('(')[0].strip
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for excessive nesting of conditional and looping constructs.
You can configure if blocks are considered using the CountBlocks
option. When set to false
(the default) blocks are not counted
towards the nesting level. Set to true
to count blocks as well.
The maximum level of nesting allowed is configurable.
Use each_key
instead of keys.each
. Open
record_hash.keys.each do |record_field|
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for uses of each_key
and each_value
Hash methods.
Note: If you have an array of two-element arrays, you can put parentheses around the block arguments to indicate that you're not working with a hash, and suppress RuboCop offenses.
Example:
# bad
hash.keys.each { |k| p k }
hash.values.each { |v| p v }
hash.each { |k, _v| p k }
hash.each { |_k, v| p v }
# good
hash.each_key { |k| p k }
hash.each_value { |v| p v }
Use each_key
instead of keys.each
. Open
record_hash.keys.each do |record_field|
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for uses of each_key
and each_value
Hash methods.
Note: If you have an array of two-element arrays, you can put parentheses around the block arguments to indicate that you're not working with a hash, and suppress RuboCop offenses.
Example:
# bad
hash.keys.each { |k| p k }
hash.values.each { |v| p v }
hash.each { |k, _v| p k }
hash.each { |_k, v| p v }
# good
hash.each_key { |k| p k }
hash.each_value { |v| p v }
HACK found Open
# HACK: to go down one more level
- Exclude checks
TODO found Open
# TODO: test what happens when there isn't an accessions.xml file
- Exclude checks
TODO found Open
# TODO: if there is an object with a matching exactly user_reference,
- Exclude checks
TODO found Open
# TODO: add check to see if image_file has a, b, c, versions associated with it
- Exclude checks
Identical blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring. Open
if !@import.description_beginning_template.blank?
# append the citation to the description field
if !params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] = @import.description_beginning_template + "\n\n" + params[zoom_class_for_params][:description]
else
- Read upRead up
Duplicated Code
Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:
Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.
When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).
Tuning
This issue has a mass of 70.
We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.
The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.
If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.
See codeclimate-duplication
's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml
.
Refactorings
- Extract Method
- Extract Class
- Form Template Method
- Introduce Null Object
- Pull Up Method
- Pull Up Field
- Substitute Algorithm
Further Reading
- Don't Repeat Yourself on the C2 Wiki
- Duplicated Code on SourceMaking
- Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler. Duplicated Code, p76
Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring. Open
if zoom_class == 'Topic'
params[zoom_class_for_params][:topic_type_id] = @related_topic_type.id
@fields = @related_topic_type.topic_type_to_field_mappings
- Read upRead up
Duplicated Code
Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:
Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.
When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).
Tuning
This issue has a mass of 42.
We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.
The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.
If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.
See codeclimate-duplication
's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml
.
Refactorings
- Extract Method
- Extract Class
- Form Template Method
- Introduce Null Object
- Pull Up Method
- Pull Up Field
- Substitute Algorithm
Further Reading
- Don't Repeat Yourself on the C2 Wiki
- Duplicated Code on SourceMaking
- Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler. Duplicated Code, p76
Identical blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring. Open
if !options[:description_end_template].nil?
# append the description_end_template to the description field
if !params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] += "\n\n" + options[:description_end_template]
else
- Read upRead up
Duplicated Code
Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:
Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.
When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).
Tuning
This issue has a mass of 33.
We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.
The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.
If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.
See codeclimate-duplication
's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml
.
Refactorings
- Extract Method
- Extract Class
- Form Template Method
- Introduce Null Object
- Pull Up Method
- Pull Up Field
- Substitute Algorithm
Further Reading
- Don't Repeat Yourself on the C2 Wiki
- Duplicated Code on SourceMaking
- Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler. Duplicated Code, p76
Useless assignment to variable - record
. Open
record = nil
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for every useless assignment to local variable in every
scope.
The basic idea for this cop was from the warning of ruby -cw
:
assigned but unused variable - foo
Currently this cop has advanced logic that detects unreferenced reassignments and properly handles varied cases such as branch, loop, rescue, ensure, etc.
Example:
# bad
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something
end
Example:
# good
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something(some_var)
end
Redundant curly braces around a hash parameter. Open
new_record = create_new_item_from_record(record, @zoom_class, { params: params, record_hash: record_hash, description_end_template: description_end_template })
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for braces around the last parameter in a method call
if the last parameter is a hash.
It supports braces
, no_braces
and context_dependent
styles.
Example: EnforcedStyle: braces
# The `braces` style enforces braces around all method
# parameters that are hashes.
# bad
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
Example: EnforcedStyle: no_braces (default)
# The `no_braces` style checks that the last parameter doesn't
# have braces around it.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
Example: EnforcedStyle: context_dependent
# The `context_dependent` style checks that the last parameter
# doesn't have braces around it, but requires braces if the
# second to last parameter is also a hash literal.
# bad
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2})
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, a: 1, b: 2)
# good
some_method(x, y, a: 1, b: 2)
some_method(x, y, {a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 1, b: 2})
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
description = RedCloth.new params[zoom_class_for_params][:description]
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] = description.to_html
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !description.blank?
params[zoom_class_for_params][:short_summary] = importer_prepare_short_summary(description)
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Use @record_interval.positive?
instead of @record_interval > 0
. Open
sleep(@record_interval) if @record_interval > 0
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for usage of comparison operators (==
,
>
, <
) to test numbers as zero, positive, or negative.
These can be replaced by their respective predicate methods.
The cop can also be configured to do the reverse.
The cop disregards #nonzero?
as it its value is truthy or falsey,
but not true
and false
, and thus not always interchangeable with
!= 0
.
The cop ignores comparisons to global variables, since they are often
populated with objects which can be compared with integers, but are
not themselves Interger
polymorphic.
Example: EnforcedStyle: predicate (default)
# bad
foo == 0
0 > foo
bar.baz > 0
# good
foo.zero?
foo.negative?
bar.baz.positive?
Example: EnforcedStyle: comparison
# bad
foo.zero?
foo.negative?
bar.baz.positive?
# good
foo == 0
0 > foo
bar.baz > 0
Use safe navigation (&.
) instead of checking if an object exists before calling the method. Open
new_image_file.destroy unless new_image_file.nil?
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop transforms usages of a method call safeguarded by a non nil
check for the variable whose method is being called to
safe navigation (&.
).
Configuration option: ConvertCodeThatCanStartToReturnNil
The default for this is false
. When configured to true
, this will
check for code in the format !foo.nil? && foo.bar
. As it is written,
the return of this code is limited to false
and whatever the return
of the method is. If this is converted to safe navigation,
foo&.bar
can start returning nil
as well as what the method
returns.
Example:
# bad
foo.bar if foo
foo.bar(param1, param2) if foo
foo.bar { |e| e.something } if foo
foo.bar(param) { |e| e.something } if foo
foo.bar if !foo.nil?
foo.bar unless !foo
foo.bar unless foo.nil?
foo && foo.bar
foo && foo.bar(param1, param2)
foo && foo.bar { |e| e.something }
foo && foo.bar(param) { |e| e.something }
# good
foo&.bar
foo&.bar(param1, param2)
foo&.bar { |e| e.something }
foo&.bar(param) { |e| e.something }
foo.nil? || foo.bar
!foo || foo.bar
# Methods that `nil` will `respond_to?` should not be converted to
# use safe navigation
foo.to_i if foo
Convert if
nested inside else
to elsif
. Open
if params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
If the else
branch of a conditional consists solely of an if
node,
it can be combined with the else
to become an elsif
.
This helps to keep the nesting level from getting too deep.
Example:
# bad
if condition_a
action_a
else
if condition_b
action_b
else
action_c
end
end
# good
if condition_a
action_a
elsif condition_b
action_b
else
action_c
end
Use !empty?
instead of size > 0
. Open
if @fields.size > 0
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for numeric comparisons that can be replaced by a predicate method, such as receiver.length == 0, receiver.length > 0, receiver.length != 0, receiver.length < 1 and receiver.size == 0 that can be replaced by receiver.empty? and !receiver.empty.
Example:
# bad
[1, 2, 3].length == 0
0 == "foobar".length
array.length < 1
{a: 1, b: 2}.length != 0
string.length > 0
hash.size > 0
# good
[1, 2, 3].empty?
"foobar".empty?
array.empty?
!{a: 1, b: 2}.empty?
!string.empty?
!hash.empty?
Useless assignment to variable - related_accession_record
. Open
related_accession_record = nil
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for every useless assignment to local variable in every
scope.
The basic idea for this cop was from the warning of ruby -cw
:
assigned but unused variable - foo
Currently this cop has advanced logic that detects unreferenced reassignments and properly handles varied cases such as branch, loop, rescue, ensure, etc.
Example:
# bad
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something
end
Example:
# good
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something(some_var)
end
Use the return of the conditional for variable assignment and comparison. Open
if !params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] = SystemSetting.description_template + "\n\n" + params[zoom_class_for_params][:description]
else
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] = SystemSetting.description_template
end
- Exclude checks
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !options[:description_end_template].nil?
# append the description_end_template to the description field
if !params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] += "\n\n" + options[:description_end_template]
else
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Use @record_interval.positive?
instead of @record_interval > 0
. Open
sleep(@record_interval) if @record_interval > 0
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for usage of comparison operators (==
,
>
, <
) to test numbers as zero, positive, or negative.
These can be replaced by their respective predicate methods.
The cop can also be configured to do the reverse.
The cop disregards #nonzero?
as it its value is truthy or falsey,
but not true
and false
, and thus not always interchangeable with
!= 0
.
The cop ignores comparisons to global variables, since they are often
populated with objects which can be compared with integers, but are
not themselves Interger
polymorphic.
Example: EnforcedStyle: predicate (default)
# bad
foo == 0
0 > foo
bar.baz > 0
# good
foo.zero?
foo.negative?
bar.baz.positive?
Example: EnforcedStyle: comparison
# bad
foo.zero?
foo.negative?
bar.baz.positive?
# good
foo == 0
0 > foo
bar.baz > 0
Do not use unless
with else
. Rewrite these with the positive case first. Open
unless zoom_class == 'StillImage'
new_record_added = new_record.save
else
new_record_added = new_record.save unless new_image_file.nil?
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop looks for unless expressions with else clauses.
Example:
# bad
unless foo_bar.nil?
# do something...
else
# do a different thing...
end
# good
if foo_bar.present?
# do something...
else
# do a different thing...
end
Use the return of the conditional for variable assignment and comparison. Open
if !@last_related_topic_pp4_objectid.nil? && (related_topic_pp4_objectid == @last_related_topic_pp4_objectid)
related_topic = @last_related_topic
else
related_topic = Topic.find(
:first,
- Exclude checks
Avoid rescuing without specifying an error class. Open
rescue
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for rescuing StandardError
. There are two supported
styles implicit
and explicit
. This cop will not register an offense
if any error other than StandardError
is specified.
Example: EnforcedStyle: implicit
# `implicit` will enforce using `rescue` instead of
# `rescue StandardError`.
# bad
begin
foo
rescue StandardError
bar
end
# good
begin
foo
rescue
bar
end
# good
begin
foo
rescue OtherError
bar
end
# good
begin
foo
rescue StandardError, SecurityError
bar
end
Example: EnforcedStyle: explicit (default)
# `explicit` will enforce using `rescue StandardError`
# instead of `rescue`.
# bad
begin
foo
rescue
bar
end
# good
begin
foo
rescue StandardError
bar
end
# good
begin
foo
rescue OtherError
bar
end
# good
begin
foo
rescue StandardError, SecurityError
bar
end
Use self-assignment shorthand +=
. Open
@fields = @fields + ancestor.topic_type_to_field_mappings
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop enforces the use the shorthand for self-assignment.
Example:
# bad
x = x + 1
# good
x += 1
Non-local exit from iterator, without return value. next
, break
, Array#find
, Array#any?
, etc. is preferred. Open
return if line.include?('<Record>')
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for non-local exits from iterators without a return value. It registers an offense under these conditions:
- No value is returned,
- the block is preceded by a method chain,
- the block has arguments,
- the method which receives the block is not
define_method
ordefine_singleton_method
, - the return is not contained in an inner scope, e.g. a lambda or a method definition.
Example:
class ItemApi
rescue_from ValidationError do |e| # non-iteration block with arg
return { message: 'validation error' } unless e.errors # allowed
error_array = e.errors.map do |error| # block with method chain
return if error.suppress? # warned
return "#{error.param}: invalid" unless error.message # allowed
"#{error.param}: #{error.message}"
end
{ message: 'validation error', errors: error_array }
end
def update_items
transaction do # block without arguments
return unless update_necessary? # allowed
find_each do |item| # block without method chain
return if item.stock == 0 # false-negative...
item.update!(foobar: true)
end
end
end
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !@collections_to_skip.include?(record_hash['COLLECTION'])
# file may time out
related_accession_record = nil
related_accession_record = @import_accessions_xml_root.elements["#{@record_element_path}[@ACCESSNO=\'#{related_topic_pp4_objectid}\']"]
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Use @fields.size.positive?
instead of @fields.size > 0
. Open
if @fields.size > 0
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for usage of comparison operators (==
,
>
, <
) to test numbers as zero, positive, or negative.
These can be replaced by their respective predicate methods.
The cop can also be configured to do the reverse.
The cop disregards #nonzero?
as it its value is truthy or falsey,
but not true
and false
, and thus not always interchangeable with
!= 0
.
The cop ignores comparisons to global variables, since they are often
populated with objects which can be compared with integers, but are
not themselves Interger
polymorphic.
Example: EnforcedStyle: predicate (default)
# bad
foo == 0
0 > foo
bar.baz > 0
# good
foo.zero?
foo.negative?
bar.baz.positive?
Example: EnforcedStyle: comparison
# bad
foo.zero?
foo.negative?
bar.baz.positive?
# good
foo == 0
0 > foo
bar.baz > 0
Favor modifier if
usage when having a single-line body. Another good alternative is the usage of control flow &&
/||
. Open
if zoom_class == 'Topic'
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for if and unless statements that would fit on one line
if written as a modifier if/unless. The maximum line length is
configured in the Metrics/LineLength
cop.
Example:
# bad
if condition
do_stuff(bar)
end
unless qux.empty?
Foo.do_something
end
# good
do_stuff(bar) if condition
Foo.do_something unless qux.empty?
Unused method argument - args
. If it's necessary, use _
or _args
as an argument name to indicate that it won't be used. You can also write as create(*)
if you want the method to accept any arguments but don't care about them. Open
def create(args = nil)
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for unused method arguments.
Example:
# bad
def some_method(used, unused, _unused_but_allowed)
puts used
end
Example:
# good
def some_method(used, _unused, _unused_but_allowed)
puts used
end
Convert if
nested inside else
to elsif
. Open
return if line.include?('<Record>')
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
If the else
branch of a conditional consists solely of an if
node,
it can be combined with the else
to become an elsif
.
This helps to keep the nesting level from getting too deep.
Example:
# bad
if condition_a
action_a
else
if condition_b
action_b
else
action_c
end
end
# good
if condition_a
action_a
elsif condition_b
action_b
else
action_c
end
Non-local exit from iterator, without return value. next
, break
, Array#find
, Array#any?
, etc. is preferred. Open
return
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for non-local exits from iterators without a return value. It registers an offense under these conditions:
- No value is returned,
- the block is preceded by a method chain,
- the block has arguments,
- the method which receives the block is not
define_method
ordefine_singleton_method
, - the return is not contained in an inner scope, e.g. a lambda or a method definition.
Example:
class ItemApi
rescue_from ValidationError do |e| # non-iteration block with arg
return { message: 'validation error' } unless e.errors # allowed
error_array = e.errors.map do |error| # block with method chain
return if error.suppress? # warned
return "#{error.param}: invalid" unless error.message # allowed
"#{error.param}: #{error.message}"
end
{ message: 'validation error', errors: error_array }
end
def update_items
transaction do # block without arguments
return unless update_necessary? # allowed
find_each do |item| # block without method chain
return if item.stock == 0 # false-negative...
item.update!(foobar: true)
end
end
end
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
params[zoom_class_for_params][:license_id] = @import.license.id if !@import.license.blank?
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Use the return of the conditional for variable assignment and comparison. Open
if !params[zoom_class_for_params][:description].nil?
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] = @import.description_beginning_template + "\n\n" + params[zoom_class_for_params][:description]
else
params[zoom_class_for_params][:description] = @import.description_beginning_template
end
- Exclude checks
Useless assignment to variable - objectid
. Did you mean objectid_parts
? Open
objectid = nil
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for every useless assignment to local variable in every
scope.
The basic idea for this cop was from the warning of ruby -cw
:
assigned but unused variable - foo
Currently this cop has advanced logic that detects unreferenced reassignments and properly handles varied cases such as branch, loop, rescue, ensure, etc.
Example:
# bad
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something
end
Example:
# good
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something(some_var)
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !@import_request[:host].scan('horowhenua').blank?
@description_end_templates['default'] = 'Any use of this image must be accompanied by the credit "Horowhenua Historical Society Inc."'
@description_end_templates[/^f\d/] = 'Any use of this image must be accompanied by the credit "Foxton Historical Society"'
@description_end_templates["2000\.000\."] = 'Any use of this image must be accompanied by the credit "Horowhenua District Council"'
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !reason_skipped.blank?
importer_log_to_skipped_records(image_file, reason_skipped)
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Useless assignment to variable - image_file
. Open
image_file = nil
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
This cop checks for every useless assignment to local variable in every
scope.
The basic idea for this cop was from the warning of ruby -cw
:
assigned but unused variable - foo
Currently this cop has advanced logic that detects unreferenced reassignments and properly handles varied cases such as branch, loop, rescue, ensure, etc.
Example:
# bad
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something
end
Example:
# good
def some_method
some_var = 1
do_something(some_var)
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !value.blank?
case record_field
when 'TITLE'
params[zoom_class_for_params][:title] = value
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
description_end_template = text if !image_objectid.scan(pattern).blank?
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !value.nil?
value = value.strip
# replace \r with \n
value.tr("\r", "\n")
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
if !names_array[1].nil?
first_names = names_array[1].split('(')[0].strip
end
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end
Favor unless
over if
for negative conditions. Open
tag_list_array = @import.base_tags.split(',') if !@import.base_tags.blank?
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Checks for uses of if with a negated condition. Only ifs without else are considered. There are three different styles:
- both
- prefix
- postfix
Example: EnforcedStyle: both (default)
# enforces `unless` for `prefix` and `postfix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: prefix
# enforces `unless` for just `prefix` conditionals
# bad
if !foo
bar
end
# good
unless foo
bar
end
# good
bar if !foo
Example: EnforcedStyle: postfix
# enforces `unless` for just `postfix` conditionals
# bad
bar if !foo
# good
bar unless foo
# good
if !foo
bar
end