telegram/ext/_handlers/commandhandler.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# A library that provides a Python interface to the Telegram Bot API
# Copyright (C) 2015-2024
# Leandro Toledo de Souza <devs@python-telegram-bot.org>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Lesser Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser Public License
# along with this program. If not, see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/].
"""This module contains the CommandHandler class."""
import re
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, FrozenSet, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
from telegram import MessageEntity, Update
from telegram._utils.defaultvalue import DEFAULT_TRUE
from telegram._utils.types import SCT, DVType
from telegram.ext import filters as filters_module
from telegram.ext._handlers.basehandler import BaseHandler
from telegram.ext._utils.types import CCT, FilterDataDict, HandlerCallback
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from telegram.ext import Application
RT = TypeVar("RT")
class CommandHandler(BaseHandler[Update, CCT]):
"""Handler class to handle Telegram commands.
Commands are Telegram messages that start with ``/``, optionally followed by an ``@`` and the
bot's name and/or some additional text. The handler will add a :obj:`list` to the
:class:`CallbackContext` named :attr:`CallbackContext.args`. It will contain a list of strings,
which is the text following the command split on single or consecutive whitespace characters.
By default, the handler listens to messages as well as edited messages. To change this behavior
use :attr:`~filters.UpdateType.EDITED_MESSAGE <telegram.ext.filters.UpdateType.EDITED_MESSAGE>`
in the filter argument.
Note:
:class:`CommandHandler` does *not* handle (edited) channel posts and does *not* handle
commands that are part of a caption. Please use :class:`~telegram.ext.MessageHandler`
with a suitable combination of filters (e.g.
:attr:`telegram.ext.filters.UpdateType.CHANNEL_POSTS`,
:attr:`telegram.ext.filters.CAPTION` and :class:`telegram.ext.filters.Regex`) to handle
those messages.
Warning:
When setting :paramref:`block` to :obj:`False`, you cannot rely on adding custom
attributes to :class:`telegram.ext.CallbackContext`. See its docs for more info.
Examples:
* :any:`Timer Bot <examples.timerbot>`
* :any:`Error Handler Bot <examples.errorhandlerbot>`
.. versionchanged:: 20.0
* Renamed the attribute ``command`` to :attr:`commands`, which now is always a
:class:`frozenset`
* Updating the commands this handler listens to is no longer possible.
Args:
command (:obj:`str` | Collection[:obj:`str`]):
The command or list of commands this handler should listen for. Case-insensitive.
Limitations are the same as for :attr:`telegram.BotCommand.command`.
callback (:term:`coroutine function`): The callback function for this handler. Will be
called when :meth:`check_update` has determined that an update should be processed by
this handler. Callback signature::
async def callback(update: Update, context: CallbackContext)
The return value of the callback is usually ignored except for the special case of
:class:`telegram.ext.ConversationHandler`.
filters (:class:`telegram.ext.filters.BaseFilter`, optional): A filter inheriting from
:class:`telegram.ext.filters.BaseFilter`. Standard filters can be found in
:mod:`telegram.ext.filters`. Filters can be combined using bitwise
operators (``&`` for :keyword:`and`, ``|`` for :keyword:`or`, ``~`` for :keyword:`not`)
block (:obj:`bool`, optional): Determines whether the return value of the callback should
be awaited before processing the next handler in
:meth:`telegram.ext.Application.process_update`. Defaults to :obj:`True`.
.. seealso:: :wiki:`Concurrency`
has_args (:obj:`bool` | :obj:`int`, optional):
Determines whether the command handler should process the update or not.
If :obj:`True`, the handler will process any non-zero number of args.
If :obj:`False`, the handler will only process if there are no args.
if :obj:`int`, the handler will only process if there are exactly that many args.
Defaults to :obj:`None`, which means the handler will process any or no args.
.. versionadded:: 20.5
Raises:
:exc:`ValueError`: When the command is too long or has illegal chars.
Attributes:
commands (FrozenSet[:obj:`str`]): The set of commands this handler should listen for.
callback (:term:`coroutine function`): The callback function for this handler.
filters (:class:`telegram.ext.filters.BaseFilter`): Optional. Only allow updates with these
filters.
block (:obj:`bool`): Determines whether the return value of the callback should be
awaited before processing the next handler in
:meth:`telegram.ext.Application.process_update`.
has_args (:obj:`bool` | :obj:`int` | None):
Optional argument, otherwise all implementations of :class:`CommandHandler` will break.
Defaults to :obj:`None`, which means the handler will process any args or no args.
.. versionadded:: 20.5
"""
__slots__ = ("commands", "filters", "has_args")
def __init__(
self,
command: SCT[str],
callback: HandlerCallback[Update, CCT, RT],
filters: Optional[filters_module.BaseFilter] = None,
block: DVType[bool] = DEFAULT_TRUE,
has_args: Optional[Union[bool, int]] = None,
):
super().__init__(callback, block=block)
if isinstance(command, str):
commands = frozenset({command.lower()})
else:
commands = frozenset(x.lower() for x in command)
for comm in commands:
if not re.match(r"^[\da-z_]{1,32}$", comm):
raise ValueError(f"Command `{comm}` is not a valid bot command")
self.commands: FrozenSet[str] = commands
self.filters: filters_module.BaseFilter = (
filters if filters is not None else filters_module.UpdateType.MESSAGES
)
self.has_args: Optional[Union[bool, int]] = has_args
if (isinstance(self.has_args, int)) and (self.has_args < 0):
raise ValueError("CommandHandler argument has_args cannot be a negative integer")
def _check_correct_args(self, args: List[str]) -> Optional[bool]:
"""Determines whether the args are correct for this handler. Implemented in check_update().
Args:
args (:obj:`list`): The args for the handler.
Returns:
:obj:`bool`: Whether the args are valid for this handler.
"""
return bool(
(self.has_args is None)
or (self.has_args is True and args)
or (self.has_args is False and not args)
or (isinstance(self.has_args, int) and len(args) == self.has_args)
)
def check_update(
self, update: object
) -> Optional[Union[bool, Tuple[List[str], Optional[Union[bool, FilterDataDict]]]]]:
"""Determines whether an update should be passed to this handler's :attr:`callback`.
Args:
update (:class:`telegram.Update` | :obj:`object`): Incoming update.
Returns:
:obj:`list`: The list of args for the handler.
"""
if isinstance(update, Update) and update.effective_message:
message = update.effective_message
if (
message.entities
and message.entities[0].type == MessageEntity.BOT_COMMAND
and message.entities[0].offset == 0
and message.text
and message.get_bot()
):
command = message.text[1 : message.entities[0].length]
args = message.text.split()[1:]
command_parts = command.split("@")
command_parts.append(message.get_bot().username)
if not (
command_parts[0].lower() in self.commands
and command_parts[1].lower() == message.get_bot().username.lower()
):
return None
if not self._check_correct_args(args):
return None
filter_result = self.filters.check_update(update)
if filter_result:
return args, filter_result
return False
return None
def collect_additional_context(
self,
context: CCT,
update: Update,
application: "Application[Any, CCT, Any, Any, Any, Any]",
check_result: Optional[Union[bool, Tuple[List[str], Optional[bool]]]],
) -> None:
"""Add text after the command to :attr:`CallbackContext.args` as list, split on single
whitespaces and add output of data filters to :attr:`CallbackContext` as well.
"""
if isinstance(check_result, tuple):
context.args = check_result[0]
if isinstance(check_result[1], dict):
context.update(check_result[1])