docs/reference/in-use-encryption/client-side-encryption.txt
.. _client-side-encryption:
**********************
Client-Side Encryption
**********************
.. default-domain:: mongodb
.. contents:: On this page
:local:
:backlinks: none
:depth: 1
:class: singlecol
New in MongoDB 4.2, client-side encryption allows administrators and developers
to encrypt specific fields in MongoDB documents before inserting them into the
database.
With client-side encryption, developers can encrypt fields client-side without
any server-side configuration or directives. Client-side encryption supports
workloads where applications must guarantee that unauthorized parties,
including server administrators, cannot read the encrypted data.
.. warning::
Enabling Client Side Encryption reduces the maximum write batch size and may
have a negative performance impact.
Installation
============
Client-side encryption requires the installation of additional packages.
libmongocrypt
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Libmongocrypt is a C library used by the driver for client-side encryption.
To use client-side encryption, you must install the libmongocrypt library
on the machine running your Ruby program.
The easiest way to install this library is to install `libmongocrypt-helper
<https://rubygems.org/gems/libmongocrypt-helper>`_ as follows:
.. code-block:: bash
gem install libmongocrypt-helper --pre
The version number of libmongocrypt-helper is the version of included
libmongocrypt followed by the release number, e.g. 1.3.2.r1.
Because Ruby considers any letters in the version number to indicate a
pre-release version, the ``--pre`` flag is needed.
The driver will automatically load libmongocrypt-helper - no further
configuration is needed.
.. note::
libmongocrypt-helper currently only supports Linux operating systems.
Alternatively you can download a pre-built binary distribution of libmongocrypt
and manually place the required shared object on your computer, as follows:
- Download a tarball of all libmongocrypt variations `here <https://s3.amazonaws.com/mciuploads/libmongocrypt/all/master/latest/libmongocrypt-all.tar.gz>`_.
- Extract the file you downloaded. You will see a list of directories, each
corresponding to an operating system. Find the directory that matches your
operating system and open it.
- Inside that folder, open the folder called "nocrypto." In either the
lib or lb64 folder, you will find the libmongocrypt.so or
libmongocrypt.dylib or libmongocrypt.dll file, depending on your OS.
- Move that file to wherever you want to keep it on your machine. You may delete
the other files included in the tarball.
To build the binary from source:
- Follow the instructions in the README in the `libmongocrypt GitHub repo <https://github.com/mongodb/libmongocrypt>`_.
Once you have the libmongocrypt binary on your machine, specify the path to the
binary using the LIBMONGOCRYPT_PATH environment variable. It is recommended that
you add this variable to your rc files. For example:
.. code-block:: bash
export LIBMONGOCRYPT_PATH=/path/to/your/libmongocrypt.so
.. note::
The binary referenced in this section can be a pre-release version of
libmongocrypt which is not recommended for production environments.
Automatic Encryption Shared Library
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Automatic Encryption Shared Library is a dynamic library that enables your
client application to perform automatic encryption. It is only required for
automatic encryption, which is an enterprise-only feature.
If you only intend to use explicit encryption, you may skip this step.
The Automatic Encryption Shared Library provides the same functionality as
mongocryptd (see below), but does not require you to spawn another process
to perform automatic encryption.
For installation instructions, see
`the MongoDB manual <https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/core/queryable-encryption/reference/shared-library/#download-the-automatic-encryption-shared-library>`_.
When automatic encryption is enabled, libmongocrypt will look for the shared
library in the system library path, or try to load the library from a particular
place if ``:crypt_shared_lib_path`` option is provided when creating a client.
If the library can be loaded, then the driver will not try to spawn mongocryptd daemon.
The daemon will be still spawned if the shared library cannot be found.
It is also possible to require using the shared library by passing
``crypt_shared_lib_required: true`` option when creating a client. In this case,
an error will be raised if the shared library cannot be loaded.
.. note::
All ``Mongo::Client`` objects in the same process should use the same setting
``:crypt_shared_lib_path``, as it is an error to load more that one crypt_shared dynamic library simultaneously in a single operating system process.
mongocryptd
~~~~~~~~~~~
Mongocryptd is an alternative to the Automatic Encryption Shared Library.
Mongocryptd is a daemon that tells the driver which fields to encrypt in a
given operation. It is only required for automatic encryption, which is an
enterprise-only feature. If you only intend to use explicit encryption, you may
skip this step.
Mongocryptd comes pre-packaged with enterprise builds of the MongoDB server
(versions 4.2 and newer). For installation instructions, see the
`MongoDB manual <https://mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/security-client-side-encryption-appendix/#installation>`_.
In order to configure mongocryptd (for example, which port it listens on or the
path used to spawn the daemon), it is necessary to pass different options to the
``Mongo::Client`` performing automatic encryption. See the :ref:`:extra_options <cse-extra-options>`
section of this tutorial for more information.
Automatic Encryption
====================
Automatic encryption is a feature that allows users to configure a
``Mongo::Client`` instance to always encrypt specific document fields when
performing database operations. Once the ``Mongo::Client`` is configured, it
will automatically encrypt any field that requires encryption before writing
it to the database, and it will automatically decrypt those fields when reading
them.
Client-side encryption implements envelope encryption, which is the practice of
encrypting data with a data key, which is in turn encrypted using a master key.
Thus, using client-side encryption with MongoDB involves three main steps:
1. Create a master key
2. Create a data key (and encrypt it using the master key)
3. Encrypt data using the data key
The example below demonstrates how to follow these steps with a local master key
in order to perform automatic encryption.
.. note::
Automatic encryption is an enterprise only feature that only applies to
operations on a collection. Automatic encryption is not supported for operations
on a database or view, and operations that are not bypassed will result in
error (see `Auto Encryption Allow-List <https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/client-side-encryption/client-side-encryption.rst#libmongocrypt-auto-encryption-allow-list>`_
). To bypass automatic encryption for all operations, set ``bypass_auto_encryption``
to true in ``auto_encryption_options``.
.. note::
Automatic encryption requires the authenticated user to have the listCollections privilege action.
.. note::
When using Automatic Encryption, and a ``Mongo::Client`` instance that is configured
with ``:auto_encryption_options`` has a limited connection pool size
(i.e a non-zero ``:max_pool_size``, which is the default setting), a separate
internal ``Mongo::Client`` instance is created if any of the following are true:
- ``auto_encryption_options[:key_vault_client]`` is not passed.
- ``auto_encryption_options[:bypass_automatic_encryption]`` is not passed or false.
If an internal ``Mongo::Client`` instance is created, it is configured with
the same options as the parent client except ``:min_pool_size`` is set to 0
and ``:auto_encryption_options`` is omitted.
.. code-block:: ruby
require 'mongo'
#####################################
# Step 1: Create a local master key #
#####################################
# A local master key is a 96-byte binary blob.
local_master_key = SecureRandom.random_bytes(96)
# => "\xB2\xBE\x8EN\xD4\x14\xC2\x13\xC3..."
#############################
# Step 2: Create a data key #
#############################
kms_providers = {
local: {
key: local_master_key
}
}
# The key vault client is a Mongo::Client instance connected to the collection
# that will store your data keys.
key_vault_client = Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017'])
# Use an instance of Mongo::ClientEncryption to create a new data key
client_encryption = Mongo::ClientEncryption.new(
key_vault_client,
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: kms_providers
)
data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key('local')
# => <BSON::Binary... type=ciphertext...>
#######################################################
# Step 3: Configure Mongo::Client for auto-encryption #
#######################################################
# Create a schema map, which tells the Mongo::Client which fields to encrypt
schema_map = {
'encryption_db.encryption_coll': {
properties: {
encrypted_field: {
encrypt: {
keyId: [data_key_id],
bsonType: "string",
algorithm: "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic"
}
}
},
bsonType: "object"
}
}
# Configure the client for automatic encryption
client = Mongo::Client.new(
['localhost:27017'],
auto_encryption_options: {
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: kms_providers,
schema_map: schema_map
},
database: 'encryption_db',
)
collection = client['encryption_coll']
collection.drop # Make sure there is no data in the collection
# The string "sensitive data" will be encrypted and stored in the database
# as ciphertext
collection.insert_one(encrypted_field: 'sensitive data')
# The data is decrypted before being returned to the user
collection.find(encrypted_field: 'sensitive data').first['encrypted_field']
# => "sensitive data"
# A client with no auto_encryption_options is unable to decrypt the data
client_no_encryption = Mongo::Client.new(
['localhost:27017'],
database: 'encryption_db',
)
client_no_encryption['encryption_coll'].find.first['encrypted_field']
# => <BSON::Binary... type=ciphertext...>
The example above demonstrates using automatic encryption with a local master key.
For more information about using other key management services to create a
master key and create data keys, see the following sections of this tutorial:
- :ref:`Creating A Master Key <creating-a-master-key>`
- :ref:`Creating A Data Key <creating-a-data-key>`
Explicit Encryption
===================
Explicit encryption is a feature that allows users to encrypt and decrypt
individual pieces of data such as strings, integers, or symbols. Explicit
encryption is a community feature and does not require an enterprise build
of the MongoDB server to use. To perform all explicit encryption and decryption
operations, use an instance of the ClientEncryption class.
Client-side encryption implements envelope encryption, which is the practice of
encrypting data with a data key, which is in turn encrypted using a master key.
Thus, using client-side encryption with MongoDB involves three main steps:
1. Create a master key
2. Create a data key (and encrypt it using the master key)
3. Encrypt data using the data key
The example below demonstrates how to follow these steps with a local master key
in order to perform explicit encryption.
.. code-block:: ruby
require 'mongo'
#####################################
# Step 1: Create a local master key #
#####################################
# A local master key is a 96-byte binary blob.
local_master_key = SecureRandom.random_bytes(96)
# => "\xB2\xBE\x8EN\xD4\x14\xC2\x13\xC3..."
#############################
# Step 2: Create a data key #
#############################
kms_providers = {
local: {
key: local_master_key
}
}
# The key vault client is a Mongo::Client instance connected to the collection
# that will store your data keys.
key_vault_client = Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017'])
# Use an instance of Mongo::ClientEncryption to create a new data key
client_encryption = Mongo::ClientEncryption.new(
key_vault_client,
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: kms_providers
)
data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key('local')
# => <BSON::Binary... type=ciphertext...>
#####################################################
# Step 3: Encrypt a string with explicit encryption #
#####################################################
# The value to encrypt
value = 'sensitive data'
# Encrypt the value
encrypted_value = client_encryption.encrypt(
'sensitive data',
{
key_id: data_key_id,
algorithm: "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic"
}
)
# Create the client you will use to read and write the data to MongoDB
client = Mongo::Client.new(
['localhost:27017'],
database: 'encryption_db',
)
collection = client['encryption_coll']
collection.drop # Make sure there is no data in the collection
# Insert the encrypted value into the collection
collection.insert_one(encrypted_field: encrypted_value)
# Use the client to read the encrypted value from the database, then
# use the ClientEncryption object to decrypt it
find_result = collection.find(encrypted_field: encrypted_value).first['encrypted_field']
# => <BSON::Binary...> (the find result is encrypted)
unencrypted_result = client_encryption.decrypt(find_result)
# => "sensitive data"
The example above demonstrates using explicit encryption with a local master key.
For more information about using other key management services to create a
master key and create data keys, see the following sections of this tutorial:
- :ref:`Creating A Master Key <creating-a-master-key>`
- :ref:`Creating A Data Key <creating-a-data-key>`
.. _creating-a-master-key:
Creating a Master Key
=====================
Both automatic encryption and explicit encryption require an encryption master key.
This master key is used to encrypt data keys, which are in turn used to encrypt
user data. The master key can be generated in one of two ways: by creating a
local key, or by creating a key in a key management service. Currently
Ruby driver supports AWS Key Management Service (KMS), Azure Key Vault, and
Google Cloud Key Management (GCP KMS).
.. _local-master-key:
Local Master Key
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A local master key is a 96-byte binary string. It should be persisted
on your machine as an environment variable or in a text file.
.. warning::
Using a local master key is insecure and not recommended if you plan
to use client-side encryption in production.
Run the following code to generate a local master key using Ruby:
.. code-block:: ruby
local_master_key = SecureRandom.random_bytes(96)
# => "\xB2\xBE\x8EN\xD4\x14\xC2\x13\xC3..." (a binary blob)
.. _remote-master-key:
Remote Master Key
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is recommended that you use a remote Key Management Service to create and
store your master key. To do so, follow steps of the
`"Set up a Remote Master Key" <https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/core/csfle/tutorials/#set-up-a-remote-master-key>`_
in the MongoDB Client-Side Encryption documentation.
For more information about creating a master key, see the
`Create a Master Key <https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/core/csfle/#a.-create-a-master-key>`_
section of the MongoDB manual.
.. _creating-a-data-key:
Creating a Data Key
===================
Once you have created a master key, create a data key by calling the
``#create_data_key`` method on an instance of the ``Mongo::ClientEncryption``
class. This method generates a new data key and inserts it into the key vault
collection, which is the MongoDB collection in which you choose to store your
data keys. The ``#create_data_key`` method returns id of the newly-created
data key in the form of a BSON::Binary object.
Create a Data Key Using a Local Master Key
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you have created a local master key, you may use it to generate a new data
key with the following code snippet:
.. warning::
Using a local master key is insecure and not recommended if you plan
to use client-side encryption in production.
.. code-block:: ruby
# A Mongo::Client instance that will be used to connect to the key vault
# collection. Replace the server address with the address of the MongoDB
# server where you would like to store your key vault collection.
key_vault_client = Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017'])
client_encryption = Mongo::ClientEncryption.new(
key_vault_client,
# Replace with the database and collection names for your key vault collection
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: {
local: {
key: local_master_key
}
}
)
data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key('local')
# => <BSON::Binary... type=ciphertext...>
See the :ref:`Local Master Key <local-master-key>` section for more information
about generating a new local master key.
Create a Data Key Using a Remote Master Key
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you have created an AWS KMS master key, note the access key ID and the secret access
key of the IAM user that has permissions to use the key. Additionally, note
the AWS region and the Amazon Resource Number (ARN) of your master key. You will
use that information to generate a data key.
If you have created an Azure master key, note the tenant id, the client id, and
the client secret of the application that has permissions to use the key.
Additionally, note the key name, key version (if any), and key vault endpoint
for your master key. You will use that information to generate a data key.
If you have created a GCP KMS master key, note the email and the private key,
and the client secret of the application that has permissions to use the key.
Additionally, note the project id, location, key ring, key name, and
key version (if any) for your master key. You will use that information to
generate a data key.
Please note that GCP private key can be in different formats. Ruby driver
supports DER encoded RSA private key as base64 encoded string. For MRI Ruby
the driver additionally support PEM encoded RSA private key.
If you have created a master key using a Key Management Interoperability
Protocol (KMIP) compatible key management server, note the server host and port,
and key id. You will use that information to generate a data key. You may also
need certificate authority certificate(s), as well as and your client
certificate and private key to authenticate to KMIP server.
.. code-block:: ruby
# A Mongo::Client instance that will be used to connect to the key vault
# collection. Replace the server address with the address of the MongoDB
# server where you would like to store your key vault collection.
key_vault_client = Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017'])
client_encryption = Mongo::ClientEncryption.new(
key_vault_client,
# Replace with the database and collection names for your key vault collection
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: {
aws: {
access_key_id: 'IAM-ACCESS-KEY-ID',
secret_access_key: 'IAM-SECRET-ACCESS-KEY'
},
azure: {
tenant_id: 'AZURE-TENANT-ID',
client_id: 'AZURE-CLIENT-ID',
client_secret: 'AZURE-CLIENT-SECRET'
},
gcp: {
email: 'GCP-EMAIL',
# :private_key value should be GCP private key as base64 encoded
# DER RSA private key, or PEM RSA private key, if you are using MRI Ruby.
private_key: 'GCP-PRIVATE-KEY',
},
kmip: {
# KMIP server endpoint may include port.
endpoint: 'KMIP-SERVER-HOST'
},
# TLS options to connect to KMIP server.
kms_tls_options: {
kmip: {
ssl_ca_cert: 'PATH-TO-CA-FILE',
ssl_cert: 'PATH-TO-CLIENT-CERT-FILE',
ssl_key: 'PATH-TO-CLIENT-KEY-FILE'
}
}
}
)
aws_data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key(
'aws',
{
master_key: {
region: 'REGION-OF-YOUR-MASTER-KEY',
key: 'ARN-OF-YOUR-MASTER-KEY'
}
}
)
# => <BSON::Binary... type=ciphertext...>
azure_data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key(
'azure',
{
master_key: {
key_vault_endpoint: 'AZURE-KEY-VAULT-ENDPOINT',
key_name: 'AZURE-KEY-NAME'
}
}
)
# => <BSON::Binary... type=ciphertext...>
gcp_data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key(
'gcp',
{
master_key: {
project_id: 'GCP-PROJECT-ID',
location: 'GCP-LOCATION',
key_ring: 'GCP-KEY-RING',
key_name: 'GCP-KEY-NAME',
}
}
)
# => <BSON::Binary... type=ciphertext...>
See the :ref:`Remote Master Key <remote-master-key>` section of this tutorial
for more information about generating a new remote master key and finding the
information you need to create data keys.
For more information about creating a data key, see the
`Create a Data Encryption Key <https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/core/csfle/#b.-create-a-data-encryption-key>`_
section of the MongoDB manual.
For a list of possible KMS TLS options
see :manual:`create client reference </reference/config-database/>`.
``Mongo::ClientEncryption`` constructor accepts same ``ssl_`` options as
``Mongo::Client``.
Auto-Encryption Options
=======================
Automatic encryption can be configured on a ``Mongo::Client`` using the
``auto_encryption_options`` option ``Hash``. This section provides an overview
of the fields inside ``auto_encryption_options`` and explains how to choose their
values.
``:key_vault_client``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The key vault client is a ``Mongo::Client`` instance that will be used to connect
to the MongoDB collection containing your encryption data keys. For example, if
your key vault was hosted on a MongoDB instance at ``localhost:30000``:
.. code-block:: ruby
key_vault_client = Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:30000'])
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
key_vault_client: key_vault_client,
# ... (Fill in other options here)
}
)
If your data keys are stored in the same MongoDB instance that stores your encrypted
data, you may leave this option blank, and the top-level client will be used
to insert and fetch data keys.
``:key_vault_namespace``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The key vault namespace is a ``String`` in the format ``"database_name.collection_name"``,
where ``database_name`` and ``collection_name`` are the name of the database and
collection in which you would like to store your data keys. For example, if your data
keys are stored in the ``encryption`` database in the ``__keyVault`` collection:
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
# ... (Fill in other options here)
}
)
There is no default key vault namespace, and this option must be provided.
``:kms_providers``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A Hash that contains KMS provider names as keys, and provider options as values.
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: {
aws: {
access_key_id: 'IAM-ACCESS-KEY-ID',
secret_access_key: 'IAM-SECRET-ACCESS-KEY'
},
azure: {
tenant_id: 'AZURE-TENANT-ID',
client_id: 'AZURE-CLIENT-ID',
client_secret: 'AZURE-CLIENT-SECRET'
},
gcp: {
email: 'GCP-EMAIL',
# :private_key value should be GCP private key as base64 encoded
# DER RSA private key, or PEM RSA private key, if you are using MRI Ruby.
private_key: 'GCP-PRIVATE-KEY',
},
kmip: {
# KMIP server endpoint may include port.
endpoint: 'KMIP-SERVER-HOST'
},
# TLS options to connect to KMIP server.
kms_tls_options: {
kmip: {
ssl_ca_cert: 'PATH-TO-CA-FILE',
ssl_cert: 'PATH-TO-CLIENT-CERT-FILE',
ssl_key: 'PATH-TO-CLIENT-KEY-FILE'
}
}
}
}
)
The client can retrieve AWS credentials from the environment or from EC2 or ECS
metadata endpoints. To retrieve credentials automatically, specify an empty Hash
as KMS provider options for AWS:
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017'],
auto_encryption_options: {
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: {
aws: {}
}
}
)
See :ref:`"Automatically Retrieving Credentials" <auto-retrieve-aws-credentials>`
for more detailed information about the credential retrieval.
The client can retrieve GCP credentials from the Google Compute Engine
metadata endpoints. To retrieve credentials automatically, specify an empty Hash
as KMS provider options for GCP:
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017'],
auto_encryption_options: {
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: {
gcp: {}
}
}
)
``:kms_tls_options``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A Hash that contains KMP provider names as keys, and TLS options to connect to
corresponding providers.
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
key_vault_namespace: 'encryption.__keyVault',
kms_providers: {
kmip: {
endpoint: 'KMIP-SERVER-HOST'
}
},
kms_tls_options: {
kmip: {
ssl_ca_cert: 'PATH-TO-CA-FILE',
ssl_cert: 'PATH-TO-CLIENT-CERT-FILE',
ssl_key: 'PATH-TO-CLIENT-KEY-FILE'
}
}
}
)
``:schema_map``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A schema map is a Hash with information about which fields to automatically
encrypt and decrypt.
The code snippet at the top of this tutorial demonstrates creating a schema
map using a Ruby ``Hash``. While this will work, schema maps can grow quite
large and it could be unweildy to include them in your Ruby code. Instead, it is
recommended that you store them in a separate JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
file.
Before creating the JSON file, Base64-encode the UUID of the your data key.
.. code-block:: ruby
Base64.encode64(data_key_id.data)
# => "sr6OTtQUwhPD..." (a base64-encoded string)
Then, create a new JSON file containing your schema map in the format defined by
the JSON Schema Draft 4 standard syntax. You can read more about formatting
your schema map in the :manual:`Automatic Encryption Rules</reference/security-client-side-automatic-json-schema/>`
section of the MongoDB manual.
.. code-block:: json
{
"encryption_db.encryption_coll": {
"properties": {
"encrypted_field": {
"encrypt": {
"keyId": [{
"$binary": {
"base64": "YOUR-BASE64-ENCODED-DATA-KEY-ID",
"subType": "04"
}
}],
"bsonType": "string",
"algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic"
}
}
},
"bsonType": "object"
}
}
When you intend to use your schema map, convert it to a Ruby ``Hash`` using the
``BSON::ExtJSON`` module in the ``bson`` Ruby gem.
.. code-block:: ruby
schema_map = BSON::ExtJSON.parse(File.read('/path/to/your/file.json'))
# => { 'encryption_db.encryption_coll' => { ... } }
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
schema_map: schema_map,
# ... (Fill in other options here)
}
)
.. note::
It is also possible to supply a schema map as a validator on a MongoDB collection.
This is referred to as a "remote schema map," while providing the schema map as
an option on the ``Mongo::Client`` is called a "local schema map."
Supplying a local schema map provides more security than relying on JSON schemas
obtained from the server. It protects against a malicious server advertising
a false JSON schema, which could trick the client into sending unencrypted
data that should be encrypted.
See :manual:`Server-Side Field Level Encryption Enforcement</core/security-automatic-client-side-encryption/#server-side-field-level-encryption-enforcement>`
in the MongoDB manual for more information about using the schema map to
create a JSON schema validator on your collection.
.. seealso::
`Specify Encrypted Fields Using JSON Schema <https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/core/csfle/#c-specify-encrypted-fields-using-json-schema>`_,
:manual:`Automatic Encryption Rules</reference/security-client-side-automatic-json-schema/>`
.. _schema-map-path:
``:schema_map_path``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is also possible to load schema map from a file. Prepare the schema map as
described above, save it to file, and then pass path to the file using
``:schema_map_path`` option.
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
schema_map_path: '/path/to/your/file.json',
# ... (Fill in other options here)
}
)
``:bypass_auto_encryption``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The ``:bypass_auto_encryption`` option is a ``Boolean`` that specifies whether the
``Mongo::Client`` should skip encryption when writing to the database. If
``:bypass_auto_encryption`` is ``true``, the client will still perform automatic
decryption of any previously-encrypted data.
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
bypass_auto_encryption: true,
# ... (Fill in other options here)
}
)
.. _cse-extra-options:
``:extra_options``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``:extra_options`` is a ``Hash`` of options related to spawning mongocryptd.
Every option in this ``Hash`` has a default value, so it is only necessary to
provide the options whose defaults you want to override.
- ``:mongocryptd_spawn_args`` - This is an ``Array<String>`` containing arguments
for spawning mongocryptd. The Ruby driver will pass these arguments to
mongocryptd on spawning the daemon. Possible arguments are:
- ``"--idleShutdownTimeoutSecs"`` - The number of seconds mongocryptd must remain
idle before it shuts itself down. The default value is 60.
- ``"--port"`` - The port at which mongocryptd will listen for connections. The
default is 27020.
- ``:mongocryptd_uri`` - The URI that the driver will use to connect to mongocryptd.
By default, this is ``"mongodb://localhost:27020"``.
- ``:mongocryptd_spawn_path`` - The path to the mongocryptd executable. The default
is ``"mongocryptd"``.
- ``:mongocryptd_bypass_spawn`` - A ``Boolean`` indicating whether the driver should
skip spawning mongocryptd.
For example, if you would like to run mongocryptd on port 30000, provide
``extra_options`` as follows:
.. code-block:: ruby
Mongo::Client.new(['localhost:27017],
auto_encryption_options: {
extra_options: {
mongocryptd_spawn_args: ['--port=30000'],
mongocryptd_uri: 'mongodb://localhost:30000',
}
# ... (Fill in other options here)
}
)
.. warning::
The contents of ``:extra_options`` is subject to change in future versions
of the client-side encryption API.