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neuropsychology/NeuroKit.py

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neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py

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Maintainability
F
2 wks
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File bio_ecg.py has 680 lines of code (exceeds 250 allowed). Consider refactoring.
Open

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Subsubmodule for ecg processing.
"""
import numpy as np
Severity: Major
Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 1 day to fix

    Function ecg_EventRelated has a Cognitive Complexity of 66 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring.
    Open

    def ecg_EventRelated(epoch, event_length=1, window_post=0, features=["Heart_Rate", "Cardiac_Phase", "RR_Interval", "RSA", "HRV"]):
    """
    Extract event-related ECG changes.

    Parameters
    Severity: Minor
    Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 1 day to fix

    Cognitive Complexity

    Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

    A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

    • Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
    • Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
    • Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

    Further reading

    Function ecg_hrv has a Cognitive Complexity of 32 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring.
    Open

    def ecg_hrv(rpeaks=None, rri=None, sampling_rate=1000, hrv_features=["time", "frequency", "nonlinear"]):
    """
    Computes the Heart-Rate Variability (HRV). Shamelessly stolen from the `hrv <https://github.com/rhenanbartels/hrv/blob/develop/hrv>`_ package by Rhenan Bartels. All credits go to him.

    Parameters
    Severity: Minor
    Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 4 hrs to fix

    Cognitive Complexity

    Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

    A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

    • Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
    • Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
    • Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

    Further reading

    Function ecg_rsa has a Cognitive Complexity of 14 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring.
    Open

    def ecg_rsa(rpeaks, rsp, sampling_rate=1000):
    """
    Returns Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) features. Only the Peak-to-trough (P2T) algorithm is currently implemented (see details).

    Parameters
    Severity: Minor
    Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 1 hr to fix

    Cognitive Complexity

    Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

    A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

    • Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
    • Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
    • Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

    Further reading

    Function ecg_hrv_assessment has a Cognitive Complexity of 13 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring.
    Open

    def ecg_hrv_assessment(hrv, age=None, sex=None, position=None):
    """
    Correct HRV features based on normative data from Voss et al. (2015).

    Parameters
    Severity: Minor
    Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 1 hr to fix

    Cognitive Complexity

    Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

    A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

    • Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
    • Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
    • Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

    Further reading

    Function ecg_process has 12 arguments (exceeds 4 allowed). Consider refactoring.
    Open

    def ecg_process(ecg, rsp=None, sampling_rate=1000, filter_type="FIR", filter_band="bandpass", filter_frequency=[3, 45], segmenter="hamilton", quality_model="default", hrv_features=["time", "frequency"], age=None, sex=None, position=None):
    Severity: Major
    Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 1 hr to fix

      Function ecg_rsa has 31 lines of code (exceeds 25 allowed). Consider refactoring.
      Open

      def ecg_rsa(rpeaks, rsp, sampling_rate=1000):
    """
    Returns Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) features. Only the Peak-to-trough (P2T) algorithm is currently implemented (see details).

    Parameters
      Severity: Minor
      Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 1 hr to fix

        Function ecg_signal_quality has a Cognitive Complexity of 8 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring.
        Open

        def ecg_signal_quality(cardiac_cycles, sampling_rate, rpeaks=None, quality_model="default"):
    """
    Attempt to find the recording lead and the overall and individual quality of heartbeats signal. Although used as a routine, this feature is experimental.

    Parameters
        Severity: Minor
        Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 45 mins to fix

        Cognitive Complexity

        Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

        A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

        • Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
        • Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
        • Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

        Further reading

        Avoid deeply nested control flow statements.
        Open

                            if isinstance(hrv[key], float):  # Avoid storing series or dataframes
                        ECG_Response["ECG_HRV_" + key + "_Baseline"] = hrv[key]

                # Compute differences between features and baseline
                keys = [key for key in ECG_Response.keys() if '_Baseline' in key]  # Find keys
        Severity: Major
        Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 45 mins to fix

          Function ecg_process has a Cognitive Complexity of 8 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring.
          Open

          def ecg_process(ecg, rsp=None, sampling_rate=1000, filter_type="FIR", filter_band="bandpass", filter_frequency=[3, 45], segmenter="hamilton", quality_model="default", hrv_features=["time", "frequency"], age=None, sex=None, position=None):
    """
    Automated processing of ECG and RSP signals.

    Parameters
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py - About 45 mins to fix

          Cognitive Complexity

          Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

          A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

          • Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
          • Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
          • Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

          Further reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  if sex == "f":
            if age <= 49:
                hrv_adjusted["meanNN_Adjusted"] = (hrv["meanNN"]-901)/117
                hrv_adjusted["sdNN_Adjusted"] = (hrv["sdNN"]-44.9)/19.2
                hrv_adjusted["RMSSD_Adjusted"] = (hrv["RMSSD"]-36.5)/20.1
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 3 days to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 740..756

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 369.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  if sex == "m":
            if age <= 49:
                hrv_adjusted["meanNN_Adjusted"] = (hrv["meanNN"]-930)/133
                hrv_adjusted["sdNN_Adjusted"] = (hrv["sdNN"]-45.8)/18.8
                hrv_adjusted["RMSSD_Adjusted"] = (hrv["RMSSD"]-34.0)/18.3
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 3 days to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 757..773

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 369.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 3 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_MeanDiff"] = response[prefix + "_Mean"] - response[prefix + "_Baseline"]
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 2 other locations - About 1 hr to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 858..858
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 861..861

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 47.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 3 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_MinDiff"] = response[prefix + "_Min"] - response[prefix + "_Baseline"]
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 2 other locations - About 1 hr to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 861..861
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 864..864

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 47.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 3 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_MaxDiff"] = response[prefix + "_Max"] - response[prefix + "_Baseline"]
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 2 other locations - About 1 hr to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 858..858
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 864..864

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 47.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  hrv["LFn"] = hrv["LF"]/(hrv["LF"]+hrv["HF"])
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 1 hr to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 645..645

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 41.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  hrv["HFn"] = hrv["HF"]/(hrv["LF"]+hrv["HF"])
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 1 hr to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 644..644

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 41.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                      power =  np.trapz(y=power[(freq >= band[0]) & (freq < band[1])], x=freq[(freq >= band[0]) & (freq < band[1])])
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 1 hr to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 633..633

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 39.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  if len(RRis) > 17:
            hrv["DFA_1"] = nolds.dfa(RRis, range(4, 17))
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 55 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 657..658

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 37.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  if len(RRis) > 66:
            hrv["DFA_2"] = nolds.dfa(RRis, range(16, 66))
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 55 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 655..656

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 37.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  try:
            processed_ecg["df"] = pd.concat([processed_ecg["df"], hrv.pop("df")], axis=1)
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 50 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 146..146

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 36.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  processed_ecg["df"] = pd.concat([processed_ecg["df"], quality["ECG_Signal_Quality"]], axis=1)
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 50 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 140..140

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 36.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  processed_ecg["df"] = pd.concat([processed_ecg["df"], rsa.pop("df")], axis=1)
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 50 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 127..128

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 36.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  processed_ecg["df"] = pd.concat([processed_ecg["df"], rsp["df"]], axis=1)
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 50 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 121..121

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 36.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                      ECG_Response["ECG_Phase_Systole_Completion"] = -1*systole_beg/(systole_end - systole_beg)*100
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 45 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_rsp.py on lines 320..320

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 35.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 5 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_Mean"] = epoch[variable][0:window_end].mean()
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 4 other locations - About 45 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 857..857
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 859..859
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 860..860
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 862..862

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 35.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 5 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_Max"] = epoch[variable][0:window_end].max()
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 4 other locations - About 45 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 857..857
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 859..859
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 862..862
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 863..863

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 35.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 5 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_Min"] = epoch[variable][0:window_end].min()
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 4 other locations - About 45 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 859..859
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 860..860
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 862..862
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 863..863

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 35.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 5 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_MaxTime"] = epoch[variable][0:window_end].idxmax()
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 4 other locations - About 45 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 857..857
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 859..859
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 860..860
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 863..863

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 35.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 5 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  response[prefix + "_MinTime"] = epoch[variable][0:window_end].idxmin()
          Severity: Major
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 4 other locations - About 45 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 857..857
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 860..860
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 862..862
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 863..863

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 35.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                      for i in epoch[0:window_end].index:
                if epoch["ECG_Systole"][i] != ECG_Response["ECG_Phase_Systole"]:
                    systole_end = i
                    break
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 40 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 891..894

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 34.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                      for i in epoch[:0].index[::-1]:
                if epoch["ECG_Systole"][i] != ECG_Response["ECG_Phase_Systole"]:
                    systole_beg = i
                    break
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 40 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 887..890

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 34.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 3 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

              if "Heart_Rate" in features:
        if "Heart_Rate" in epoch.columns:
            ECG_Response = compute_features("Heart_Rate", "ECG_Heart_Rate", ECG_Response)
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 2 other locations - About 35 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 902..904
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 909..911

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 33.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 3 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

              if "RR_Interval" in features:
        if "ECG_RR_Interval" in epoch.columns:
            ECG_Response = compute_features("ECG_RR_Interval", "ECG_RRi", ECG_Response)
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 2 other locations - About 35 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 874..876
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 909..911

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 33.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 3 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

              if "RSA" in features:
        if "RSA" in epoch.columns:
            ECG_Response = compute_features("RSA", "ECG_RSA", ECG_Response)
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 2 other locations - About 35 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 874..876
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 902..904

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 33.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                          bin_width = np.diff(np.histogram(RRi, bins=bin_number_current, density=True)[1])[0]
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 30 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 593..593

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 32.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                          if abs(8 - bin_width) < abs(8 - np.diff(np.histogram(RRi, bins=bin_number, density=True)[1])[0]):
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 30 mins to fix
          neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py on lines 592..592

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 32.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

          Similar blocks of code found in 2 locations. Consider refactoring.
          Open

                  cycles_rri.append(rpeaks[np.logical_and(rpeaks >= cycle_init,
                                                rpeaks < cycle_end)])
          Severity: Minor
          Found in neurokit/bio/bio_ecg.py and 1 other location - About 30 mins to fix
          neurokit/signal/complexity.py on lines 597..597

          Duplicated Code

          Duplicated code can lead to software that is hard to understand and difficult to change. The Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) principle states:

          Every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.

          When you violate DRY, bugs and maintenance problems are sure to follow. Duplicated code has a tendency to both continue to replicate and also to diverge (leaving bugs as two similar implementations differ in subtle ways).

          Tuning

          This issue has a mass of 32.

          We set useful threshold defaults for the languages we support but you may want to adjust these settings based on your project guidelines.

          The threshold configuration represents the minimum mass a code block must have to be analyzed for duplication. The lower the threshold, the more fine-grained the comparison.

          If the engine is too easily reporting duplication, try raising the threshold. If you suspect that the engine isn't catching enough duplication, try lowering the threshold. The best setting tends to differ from language to language.

          See codeclimate-duplication's documentation for more information about tuning the mass threshold in your .codeclimate.yml.

          Refactorings

          Further Reading

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