ory-am/hydra

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oauth2/oauth2_auth_code_test.go

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// Copyright © 2022 Ory Corp
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

package oauth2_test

import (
    "bytes"
    "context"
    "encoding/base64"
    "encoding/json"
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "net/url"
    "strconv"
    "strings"
    "sync"
    "testing"
    "time"

    "github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3"
    "github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
    "github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
    "github.com/pborman/uuid"
    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
    "github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
    "github.com/tidwall/gjson"
    "golang.org/x/oauth2"
    "golang.org/x/oauth2/clientcredentials"

    "github.com/ory/fosite"
    hydra "github.com/ory/hydra-client-go/v2"
    "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/client"
    "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/driver"
    "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/driver/config"
    "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/flow"
    "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/internal"
    "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/internal/testhelpers"
    hydraoauth2 "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/oauth2"
    "github.com/ory/hydra/v2/x"
    "github.com/ory/x/assertx"
    "github.com/ory/x/contextx"
    "github.com/ory/x/httprouterx"
    "github.com/ory/x/httpx"
    "github.com/ory/x/ioutilx"
    "github.com/ory/x/josex"
    "github.com/ory/x/pointerx"
    "github.com/ory/x/requirex"
    "github.com/ory/x/snapshotx"
    "github.com/ory/x/stringsx"
)

func noopHandler(*testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
    return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotImplemented)
    }
}

type clientCreator interface {
    CreateClient(context.Context, *client.Client) error
}

// TestAuthCodeWithDefaultStrategy runs proper integration tests against in-memory and database connectors, specifically
// we test:
//
// - [x] If the flow - in general - works
// - [x] If `authenticatedAt` is properly managed across the lifecycle
//   - [x] The value `authenticatedAt` should be an old time if no user interaction wrt login was required
//   - [x] The value `authenticatedAt` should be a recent time if user interaction wrt login was required
//
// - [x] If `requestedAt` is properly managed across the lifecycle
//   - [x] The value of `requestedAt` must be the initial request time, not some other time (e.g. when accepting login)
//
// - [x] If `id_token_hint` is handled properly
//   - [x] What happens if `id_token_hint` does not match the value from the handled authentication request ("accept login")
func TestAuthCodeWithDefaultStrategy(t *testing.T) {
    ctx := context.Background()
    reg := internal.NewMockedRegistry(t, &contextx.Default{})
    reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "opaque")
    reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, "")
    publicTS, adminTS := testhelpers.NewOAuth2Server(ctx, t, reg)

    publicClient := hydra.NewAPIClient(hydra.NewConfiguration())
    publicClient.GetConfig().Servers = hydra.ServerConfigurations{{URL: publicTS.URL}}
    adminClient := hydra.NewAPIClient(hydra.NewConfiguration())
    adminClient.GetConfig().Servers = hydra.ServerConfigurations{{URL: adminTS.URL}}

    getAuthorizeCode := func(t *testing.T, conf *oauth2.Config, c *http.Client, params ...oauth2.AuthCodeOption) (string, *http.Response) {
        if c == nil {
            c = testhelpers.NewEmptyJarClient(t)
        }

        state := uuid.New()
        resp, err := c.Get(conf.AuthCodeURL(state, params...))
        require.NoError(t, err)
        defer resp.Body.Close()

        q := resp.Request.URL.Query()
        require.EqualValues(t, state, q.Get("state"))
        return q.Get("code"), resp
    }

    acceptLoginHandler := func(t *testing.T, c *client.Client, subject string, checkRequestPayload func(request *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest) http.HandlerFunc {
        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            rr, _, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.GetOAuth2LoginRequest(context.Background()).LoginChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("login_challenge")).Execute()
            require.NoError(t, err)

            assert.EqualValues(t, c.GetID(), pointerx.Deref(rr.Client.ClientId))
            assert.Empty(t, pointerx.Deref(rr.Client.ClientSecret))
            assert.EqualValues(t, c.GrantTypes, rr.Client.GrantTypes)
            assert.EqualValues(t, c.LogoURI, pointerx.Deref(rr.Client.LogoUri))
            assert.EqualValues(t, c.RedirectURIs, rr.Client.RedirectUris)
            assert.EqualValues(t, r.URL.Query().Get("login_challenge"), rr.Challenge)
            assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"hydra", "offline", "openid"}, rr.RequestedScope)
            assert.Contains(t, rr.RequestUrl, reg.Config().OAuth2AuthURL(ctx).String())

            acceptBody := hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest{
                Subject:  subject,
                Remember: pointerx.Ptr(!rr.Skip),
                Acr:      pointerx.Ptr("1"),
                Amr:      []string{"pwd"},
                Context:  map[string]interface{}{"context": "bar"},
            }
            if checkRequestPayload != nil {
                if b := checkRequestPayload(rr); b != nil {
                    acceptBody = *b
                }
            }

            v, _, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest(context.Background()).
                LoginChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("login_challenge")).
                AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest(acceptBody).
                Execute()
            require.NoError(t, err)
            require.NotEmpty(t, v.RedirectTo)
            http.Redirect(w, r, v.RedirectTo, http.StatusFound)
        }
    }

    acceptConsentHandler := func(t *testing.T, c *client.Client, subject string, checkRequestPayload func(*hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest)) http.HandlerFunc {
        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            rr, _, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.GetOAuth2ConsentRequest(context.Background()).ConsentChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("consent_challenge")).Execute()
            require.NoError(t, err)

            assert.EqualValues(t, c.GetID(), pointerx.Deref(rr.Client.ClientId))
            assert.Empty(t, pointerx.Deref(rr.Client.ClientSecret))
            assert.EqualValues(t, c.GrantTypes, rr.Client.GrantTypes)
            assert.EqualValues(t, c.LogoURI, pointerx.Deref(rr.Client.LogoUri))
            assert.EqualValues(t, c.RedirectURIs, rr.Client.RedirectUris)
            assert.EqualValues(t, subject, pointerx.Deref(rr.Subject))
            assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"hydra", "offline", "openid"}, rr.RequestedScope)
            assert.EqualValues(t, r.URL.Query().Get("consent_challenge"), rr.Challenge)
            assert.Contains(t, *rr.RequestUrl, reg.Config().OAuth2AuthURL(ctx).String())
            if checkRequestPayload != nil {
                checkRequestPayload(rr)
            }

            assert.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{"context": "bar"}, rr.Context)
            v, _, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequest(context.Background()).
                ConsentChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("consent_challenge")).
                AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequest(hydra.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequest{
                    GrantScope: []string{"hydra", "offline", "openid"}, Remember: pointerx.Ptr(true), RememberFor: pointerx.Ptr[int64](0),
                    GrantAccessTokenAudience: rr.RequestedAccessTokenAudience,
                    Session: &hydra.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequestSession{
                        AccessToken: map[string]interface{}{"foo": "bar"},
                        IdToken:     map[string]interface{}{"bar": "baz", "email": "foo@bar.com"},
                    },
                }).
                Execute()
            require.NoError(t, err)
            require.NotEmpty(t, v.RedirectTo)
            http.Redirect(w, r, v.RedirectTo, http.StatusFound)
        }
    }

    assertRefreshToken := func(t *testing.T, token *oauth2.Token, c *oauth2.Config, expectedExp time.Time) {
        actualExp, err := strconv.ParseInt(testhelpers.IntrospectToken(t, c, token.RefreshToken, adminTS).Get("exp").String(), 10, 64)
        require.NoError(t, err)
        requirex.EqualTime(t, expectedExp, time.Unix(actualExp, 0), time.Second)
    }

    assertIDToken := func(t *testing.T, token *oauth2.Token, c *oauth2.Config, expectedSubject, expectedNonce string, expectedExp time.Time) gjson.Result {
        idt, ok := token.Extra("id_token").(string)
        require.True(t, ok)
        assert.NotEmpty(t, idt)

        body, err := x.DecodeSegment(strings.Split(idt, ".")[1])
        require.NoError(t, err)

        claims := gjson.ParseBytes(body)
        assert.True(t, time.Now().After(time.Unix(claims.Get("iat").Int(), 0)), "%s", claims)
        assert.True(t, time.Now().After(time.Unix(claims.Get("nbf").Int(), 0)), "%s", claims)
        assert.True(t, time.Now().Before(time.Unix(claims.Get("exp").Int(), 0)), "%s", claims)
        requirex.EqualTime(t, expectedExp, time.Unix(claims.Get("exp").Int(), 0), 2*time.Second)
        assert.NotEmpty(t, claims.Get("jti").String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.EqualValues(t, reg.Config().IssuerURL(ctx).String(), claims.Get("iss").String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.NotEmpty(t, claims.Get("sid").String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.Equal(t, "1", claims.Get("acr").String(), "%s", claims)
        require.Len(t, claims.Get("amr").Array(), 1, "%s", claims)
        assert.EqualValues(t, "pwd", claims.Get("amr").Array()[0].String(), "%s", claims)

        require.Len(t, claims.Get("aud").Array(), 1, "%s", claims)
        assert.EqualValues(t, c.ClientID, claims.Get("aud").Array()[0].String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.EqualValues(t, expectedSubject, claims.Get("sub").String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.EqualValues(t, expectedNonce, claims.Get("nonce").String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.EqualValues(t, `baz`, claims.Get("bar").String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.EqualValues(t, `foo@bar.com`, claims.Get("email").String(), "%s", claims)
        assert.NotEmpty(t, claims.Get("sid").String(), "%s", claims)

        return claims
    }

    introspectAccessToken := func(t *testing.T, conf *oauth2.Config, token *oauth2.Token, expectedSubject string) gjson.Result {
        require.NotEmpty(t, token.AccessToken)
        i := testhelpers.IntrospectToken(t, conf, token.AccessToken, adminTS)
        assert.True(t, i.Get("active").Bool(), "%s", i)
        assert.EqualValues(t, conf.ClientID, i.Get("client_id").String(), "%s", i)
        assert.EqualValues(t, expectedSubject, i.Get("sub").String(), "%s", i)
        assert.EqualValues(t, `bar`, i.Get("ext.foo").String(), "%s", i)
        return i
    }

    assertJWTAccessToken := func(t *testing.T, strat string, conf *oauth2.Config, token *oauth2.Token, expectedSubject string, expectedExp time.Time, scopes string) gjson.Result {
        require.NotEmpty(t, token.AccessToken)
        parts := strings.Split(token.AccessToken, ".")
        if strat != "jwt" {
            require.Len(t, parts, 2)
            return gjson.Parse("null")
        }
        require.Len(t, parts, 3)

        body, err := x.DecodeSegment(parts[1])
        require.NoError(t, err)

        i := gjson.ParseBytes(body)
        assert.NotEmpty(t, i.Get("jti").String())
        assert.EqualValues(t, conf.ClientID, i.Get("client_id").String(), "%s", i)
        assert.EqualValues(t, expectedSubject, i.Get("sub").String(), "%s", i)
        assert.EqualValues(t, reg.Config().IssuerURL(ctx).String(), i.Get("iss").String(), "%s", i)
        assert.True(t, time.Now().After(time.Unix(i.Get("iat").Int(), 0)), "%s", i)
        assert.True(t, time.Now().After(time.Unix(i.Get("nbf").Int(), 0)), "%s", i)
        assert.True(t, time.Now().Before(time.Unix(i.Get("exp").Int(), 0)), "%s", i)
        requirex.EqualTime(t, expectedExp, time.Unix(i.Get("exp").Int(), 0), time.Second)
        assert.EqualValues(t, `bar`, i.Get("ext.foo").String(), "%s", i)
        assert.EqualValues(t, scopes, i.Get("scp").Raw, "%s", i)
        return i
    }

    waitForRefreshTokenExpiry := func() {
        time.Sleep(reg.Config().GetRefreshTokenLifespan(ctx) + time.Second)
    }

    t.Run("case=checks if request fails when audience does not match", func(t *testing.T) {
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(), testhelpers.HTTPServerNoExpectedCallHandler(t), testhelpers.HTTPServerNoExpectedCallHandler(t))
        _, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil, oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", "https://not-ory-api/"))
        require.Empty(t, code)
    })

    subject := "aeneas-rekkas"
    nonce := uuid.New()
    t.Run("case=perform authorize code flow with ID token and refresh tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
        run := func(t *testing.T, strategy string) {
            c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
            testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
                acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
            )

            code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil, oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
            require.NotEmpty(t, code)
            token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
            iat := time.Now()
            require.NoError(t, err)

            assert.Empty(t, token.Extra("c_nonce_draft_00"), "should not be set if not requested")
            assert.Empty(t, token.Extra("c_nonce_expires_in_draft_00"), "should not be set if not requested")
            introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)
            assertJWTAccessToken(t, strategy, conf, token, subject, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)), `["hydra","offline","openid"]`)
            assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, nonce, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))
            assertRefreshToken(t, token, conf, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetRefreshTokenLifespan(ctx)))

            t.Run("followup=successfully perform refresh token flow", func(t *testing.T) {
                require.NotEmpty(t, token.RefreshToken)
                token.Expiry = token.Expiry.Add(-time.Hour * 24)
                iat = time.Now()
                refreshedToken, err := conf.TokenSource(context.Background(), token).Token()
                require.NoError(t, err)

                require.NotEqual(t, token.AccessToken, refreshedToken.AccessToken)
                require.NotEqual(t, token.RefreshToken, refreshedToken.RefreshToken)
                require.NotEqual(t, token.Extra("id_token"), refreshedToken.Extra("id_token"))
                introspectAccessToken(t, conf, refreshedToken, subject)

                t.Run("followup=refreshed tokens contain valid tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
                    assertJWTAccessToken(t, strategy, conf, refreshedToken, subject, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)), `["hydra","offline","openid"]`)
                    assertIDToken(t, refreshedToken, conf, subject, nonce, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))
                    assertRefreshToken(t, refreshedToken, conf, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetRefreshTokenLifespan(ctx)))
                })

                t.Run("followup=original access token is no longer valid", func(t *testing.T) {
                    i := testhelpers.IntrospectToken(t, conf, token.AccessToken, adminTS)
                    assert.False(t, i.Get("active").Bool(), "%s", i)
                })

                t.Run("followup=original refresh token is no longer valid", func(t *testing.T) {
                    _, err := conf.TokenSource(context.Background(), token).Token()
                    assert.Error(t, err)
                })

                t.Run("followup=but fail subsequent refresh because expiry was reached", func(t *testing.T) {
                    waitForRefreshTokenExpiry()

                    // Force golang to refresh token
                    refreshedToken.Expiry = refreshedToken.Expiry.Add(-time.Hour * 24)
                    _, err := conf.TokenSource(context.Background(), refreshedToken).Token()
                    require.Error(t, err)
                })
            })
        }

        t.Run("strategy=jwt", func(t *testing.T) {
            reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "jwt")
            run(t, "jwt")
        })

        t.Run("strategy=opaque", func(t *testing.T) {
            reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "opaque")
            run(t, "opaque")
        })
    })

    t.Run("case=perform authorize code flow with verifable credentials", func(t *testing.T) {
        // Make sure we test against all crypto suites that we advertise.
        cfg, _, err := publicClient.OidcAPI.DiscoverOidcConfiguration(ctx).Execute()
        require.NoError(t, err)
        supportedCryptoSuites := cfg.CredentialsSupportedDraft00[0].CryptographicSuitesSupported

        run := func(t *testing.T, strategy string) {
            _, conf := newOAuth2Client(
                t,
                reg,
                testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler),
                withScope("openid userinfo_credential_draft_00"),
            )
            testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                    acceptBody := hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest{
                        Subject: subject,
                        Acr:     pointerx.Ptr("1"),
                        Amr:     []string{"pwd"},
                        Context: map[string]interface{}{"context": "bar"},
                    }
                    v, _, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest(context.Background()).
                        LoginChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("login_challenge")).
                        AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest(acceptBody).
                        Execute()
                    require.NoError(t, err)
                    require.NotEmpty(t, v.RedirectTo)
                    http.Redirect(w, r, v.RedirectTo, http.StatusFound)
                },
                func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                    rr, _, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.GetOAuth2ConsentRequest(context.Background()).ConsentChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("consent_challenge")).Execute()
                    require.NoError(t, err)

                    assert.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{"context": "bar"}, rr.Context)
                    v, _, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequest(context.Background()).
                        ConsentChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("consent_challenge")).
                        AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequest(hydra.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequest{
                            GrantScope:               []string{"openid", "userinfo_credential_draft_00"},
                            GrantAccessTokenAudience: rr.RequestedAccessTokenAudience,
                            Session: &hydra.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequestSession{
                                AccessToken: map[string]interface{}{"foo": "bar"},
                                IdToken:     map[string]interface{}{"email": "foo@bar.com", "bar": "baz"},
                            },
                        }).
                        Execute()
                    require.NoError(t, err)
                    require.NotEmpty(t, v.RedirectTo)
                    http.Redirect(w, r, v.RedirectTo, http.StatusFound)
                },
            )

            code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil,
                oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce),
                oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("scope", "openid userinfo_credential_draft_00"),
            )
            require.NotEmpty(t, code)
            token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
            require.NoError(t, err)
            iat := time.Now()

            vcNonce := token.Extra("c_nonce_draft_00").(string)
            assert.NotEmpty(t, vcNonce)
            expiry := token.Extra("c_nonce_expires_in_draft_00")
            assert.NotEmpty(t, expiry)
            assert.NoError(t, reg.Persister().IsNonceValid(ctx, token.AccessToken, vcNonce))

            t.Run("followup=successfully create a verifiable credential", func(t *testing.T) {
                t.Parallel()

                for _, alg := range supportedCryptoSuites {
                    alg := alg
                    t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("alg=%s", alg), func(t *testing.T) {
                        t.Parallel()
                        assertCreateVerifiableCredential(t, reg, vcNonce, token, jose.SignatureAlgorithm(alg))
                    })
                }
            })

            t.Run("followup=get new nonce from priming request", func(t *testing.T) {
                t.Parallel()
                // Assert that we can fetch a verifiable credential with the nonce.
                res, err := doPrimingRequest(t, reg, token, &hydraoauth2.CreateVerifiableCredentialRequestBody{
                    Format: "jwt_vc_json",
                    Types:  []string{"VerifiableCredential", "UserInfoCredential"},
                })
                assert.NoError(t, err)

                t.Run("followup=successfully create a verifiable credential from fresh nonce", func(t *testing.T) {
                    assertCreateVerifiableCredential(t, reg, res.Nonce, token, jose.ES256)
                })
            })

            t.Run("followup=rejects proof signed by another key", func(t *testing.T) {
                t.Parallel()
                for _, tc := range []struct {
                    name      string
                    format    string
                    proofType string
                    proof     func() string
                }{
                    {
                        name: "proof=mismatching keys",
                        proof: func() string {
                            // Create mismatching public and private keys.
                            pubKey, _, err := josex.NewSigningKey(jose.ES256, 0)
                            require.NoError(t, err)
                            _, privKey, err := josex.NewSigningKey(jose.ES256, 0)
                            require.NoError(t, err)
                            pubKeyJWK := &jose.JSONWebKey{Key: pubKey, Algorithm: string(jose.ES256)}
                            return createVCProofJWT(t, pubKeyJWK, privKey, vcNonce)
                        },
                    },
                    {
                        name:   "proof=invalid format",
                        format: "invalid_format",
                        proof: func() string {
                            // Create mismatching public and private keys.
                            pubKey, privKey, err := josex.NewSigningKey(jose.ES256, 0)
                            require.NoError(t, err)
                            pubKeyJWK := &jose.JSONWebKey{Key: pubKey, Algorithm: string(jose.ES256)}
                            return createVCProofJWT(t, pubKeyJWK, privKey, vcNonce)
                        },
                    },
                    {
                        name:      "proof=invalid type",
                        proofType: "invalid",
                        proof: func() string {
                            // Create mismatching public and private keys.
                            pubKey, privKey, err := josex.NewSigningKey(jose.ES256, 0)
                            require.NoError(t, err)
                            pubKeyJWK := &jose.JSONWebKey{Key: pubKey, Algorithm: string(jose.ES256)}
                            return createVCProofJWT(t, pubKeyJWK, privKey, vcNonce)
                        },
                    },
                    {
                        name: "proof=invalid nonce",
                        proof: func() string {
                            // Create mismatching public and private keys.
                            pubKey, privKey, err := josex.NewSigningKey(jose.ES256, 0)
                            require.NoError(t, err)
                            pubKeyJWK := &jose.JSONWebKey{Key: pubKey, Algorithm: string(jose.ES256)}
                            return createVCProofJWT(t, pubKeyJWK, privKey, "invalid nonce")
                        },
                    },
                } {
                    tc := tc
                    t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
                        t.Parallel()
                        _, res := createVerifiableCredential(t, reg, token, &hydraoauth2.CreateVerifiableCredentialRequestBody{
                            Format: stringsx.Coalesce(tc.format, "jwt_vc_json"),
                            Types:  []string{"VerifiableCredential", "UserInfoCredential"},
                            Proof: &hydraoauth2.VerifiableCredentialProof{
                                ProofType: stringsx.Coalesce(tc.proofType, "jwt"),
                                JWT:       tc.proof(),
                            },
                        })
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        require.NotNil(t, res)
                        assert.Equal(t, "invalid_request", res.Error())
                    })
                }

            })

            t.Run("followup=access token and id token are valid", func(t *testing.T) {
                assertJWTAccessToken(t, strategy, conf, token, subject, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)), `["openid","userinfo_credential_draft_00"]`)
                assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, nonce, iat.Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))
            })
        }

        t.Run("strategy=jwt", func(t *testing.T) {
            reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "jwt")
            run(t, "jwt")
        })

        t.Run("strategy=opaque", func(t *testing.T) {
            reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "opaque")
            run(t, "opaque")
        })
    })

    t.Run("suite=invalid query params", func(t *testing.T) {
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        otherClient, _ := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
        )

        withWrongClientAfterLogin := &http.Client{
            Jar: testhelpers.NewEmptyCookieJar(t),
            CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, _ []*http.Request) error {
                if req.URL.Path != "/oauth2/auth" {
                    return nil
                }
                q := req.URL.Query()
                if !q.Has("login_verifier") {
                    return nil
                }
                q.Set("client_id", otherClient.GetID())
                req.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
                return nil
            },
        }
        withWrongClientAfterConsent := &http.Client{
            Jar: testhelpers.NewEmptyCookieJar(t),
            CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, _ []*http.Request) error {
                if req.URL.Path != "/oauth2/auth" {
                    return nil
                }
                q := req.URL.Query()
                if !q.Has("consent_verifier") {
                    return nil
                }
                q.Set("client_id", otherClient.GetID())
                req.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
                return nil
            },
        }

        withWrongScopeAfterLogin := &http.Client{
            Jar: testhelpers.NewEmptyCookieJar(t),
            CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, _ []*http.Request) error {
                if req.URL.Path != "/oauth2/auth" {
                    return nil
                }
                q := req.URL.Query()
                if !q.Has("login_verifier") {
                    return nil
                }
                q.Set("scope", "invalid scope")
                req.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
                return nil
            },
        }

        withWrongScopeAfterConsent := &http.Client{
            Jar: testhelpers.NewEmptyCookieJar(t),
            CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, _ []*http.Request) error {
                if req.URL.Path != "/oauth2/auth" {
                    return nil
                }
                q := req.URL.Query()
                if !q.Has("consent_verifier") {
                    return nil
                }
                q.Set("scope", "invalid scope")
                req.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
                return nil
            },
        }
        for _, tc := range []struct {
            name             string
            client           *http.Client
            expectedResponse string
        }{{
            name:             "fails with wrong client ID after login",
            client:           withWrongClientAfterLogin,
            expectedResponse: "invalid_client",
        }, {
            name:             "fails with wrong client ID after consent",
            client:           withWrongClientAfterConsent,
            expectedResponse: "invalid_client",
        }, {
            name:             "fails with wrong scopes after login",
            client:           withWrongScopeAfterLogin,
            expectedResponse: "invalid_scope",
        }, {
            name:             "fails with wrong scopes after consent",
            client:           withWrongScopeAfterConsent,
            expectedResponse: "invalid_scope",
        }} {
            t.Run("case="+tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
                state := uuid.New()
                resp, err := tc.client.Get(conf.AuthCodeURL(state))
                require.NoError(t, err)
                assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedResponse, resp.Request.URL.Query().Get("error"), "%s", resp.Request.URL.RawQuery)
                resp.Body.Close()
            })
        }
    })

    t.Run("case=checks if request fails when subject is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(), func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            _, res, err := adminClient.OAuth2API.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest(ctx).
                LoginChallenge(r.URL.Query().Get("login_challenge")).
                AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest(hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest{Subject: "", Remember: pointerx.Ptr(true)}).Execute()
            require.Error(t, err) // expects 400
            body := string(ioutilx.MustReadAll(res.Body))
            assert.Contains(t, body, "Field 'subject' must not be empty", "%s", body)
        }, testhelpers.HTTPServerNoExpectedCallHandler(t))
        _, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))

        _, err := testhelpers.NewEmptyJarClient(t).Get(conf.AuthCodeURL(uuid.New()))
        require.NoError(t, err)
    })

    t.Run("case=perform flow with prompt=registration", func(t *testing.T) {
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))

        regUI := httptest.NewServer(acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, nil))
        t.Cleanup(regUI.Close)
        reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRegistrationURL, regUI.URL)

        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            nil,
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil))

        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil,
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "registration"),
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
        require.NotEmpty(t, code)

        token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
        require.NoError(t, err)

        assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, nonce, time.Now().Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))
    })

    t.Run("case=perform flow with audience", func(t *testing.T) {
        expectAud := "https://api.ory.sh/"
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                assert.False(t, r.Skip)
                assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                return nil
            }),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest) {
                assert.False(t, *r.Skip)
                assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
            }))

        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil,
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", "https://api.ory.sh/"),
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
        require.NotEmpty(t, code)

        token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
        require.NoError(t, err)

        claims := introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)
        aud := claims.Get("aud").Array()
        require.Len(t, aud, 1)
        assert.EqualValues(t, aud[0].String(), expectAud)

        assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, nonce, time.Now().Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))
    })

    t.Run("case=respects client token lifespan configuration", func(t *testing.T) {
        run := func(t *testing.T, strategy string, c *client.Client, conf *oauth2.Config, expectedLifespans client.Lifespans) {
            testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
                acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
            )

            code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil, oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
            require.NotEmpty(t, code)
            token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
            iat := time.Now()
            require.NoError(t, err)

            body := introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)
            requirex.EqualTime(t, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.AuthorizationCodeGrantAccessTokenLifespan.Duration), time.Unix(body.Get("exp").Int(), 0), time.Second)

            assertJWTAccessToken(t, strategy, conf, token, subject, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.AuthorizationCodeGrantAccessTokenLifespan.Duration), `["hydra","offline","openid"]`)
            assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, nonce, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.AuthorizationCodeGrantIDTokenLifespan.Duration))
            assertRefreshToken(t, token, conf, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.AuthorizationCodeGrantRefreshTokenLifespan.Duration))

            t.Run("followup=successfully perform refresh token flow", func(t *testing.T) {
                require.NotEmpty(t, token.RefreshToken)
                token.Expiry = token.Expiry.Add(-time.Hour * 24)
                refreshedToken, err := conf.TokenSource(context.Background(), token).Token()
                iat = time.Now()
                require.NoError(t, err)
                assertRefreshToken(t, refreshedToken, conf, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.RefreshTokenGrantRefreshTokenLifespan.Duration))
                assertJWTAccessToken(t, strategy, conf, refreshedToken, subject, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.RefreshTokenGrantAccessTokenLifespan.Duration), `["hydra","offline","openid"]`)
                assertIDToken(t, refreshedToken, conf, subject, nonce, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.RefreshTokenGrantIDTokenLifespan.Duration))

                require.NotEqual(t, token.AccessToken, refreshedToken.AccessToken)
                require.NotEqual(t, token.RefreshToken, refreshedToken.RefreshToken)
                require.NotEqual(t, token.Extra("id_token"), refreshedToken.Extra("id_token"))

                body := introspectAccessToken(t, conf, refreshedToken, subject)
                requirex.EqualTime(t, iat.Add(expectedLifespans.RefreshTokenGrantAccessTokenLifespan.Duration), time.Unix(body.Get("exp").Int(), 0), time.Second)

                t.Run("followup=original access token is no longer valid", func(t *testing.T) {
                    i := testhelpers.IntrospectToken(t, conf, token.AccessToken, adminTS)
                    assert.False(t, i.Get("active").Bool(), "%s", i)
                })

                t.Run("followup=original refresh token is no longer valid", func(t *testing.T) {
                    _, err := conf.TokenSource(context.Background(), token).Token()
                    assert.Error(t, err)
                })
            })
        }

        t.Run("case=custom-lifespans-active-jwt", func(t *testing.T) {
            c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
            ls := testhelpers.TestLifespans
            ls.AuthorizationCodeGrantAccessTokenLifespan = x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: 6 * time.Second}
            testhelpers.UpdateClientTokenLifespans(
                t,
                &oauth2.Config{ClientID: c.GetID(), ClientSecret: conf.ClientSecret},
                c.GetID(),
                ls, adminTS,
            )
            reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "jwt")
            run(t, "jwt", c, conf, ls)
        })

        t.Run("case=custom-lifespans-active-opaque", func(t *testing.T) {
            c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
            ls := testhelpers.TestLifespans
            ls.AuthorizationCodeGrantAccessTokenLifespan = x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: 6 * time.Second}
            testhelpers.UpdateClientTokenLifespans(
                t,
                &oauth2.Config{ClientID: c.GetID(), ClientSecret: conf.ClientSecret},
                c.GetID(),
                ls, adminTS,
            )
            reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "opaque")
            run(t, "opaque", c, conf, ls)
        })

        t.Run("case=custom-lifespans-unset", func(t *testing.T) {
            c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
            testhelpers.UpdateClientTokenLifespans(t, &oauth2.Config{ClientID: c.GetID(), ClientSecret: conf.ClientSecret}, c.GetID(), testhelpers.TestLifespans, adminTS)
            testhelpers.UpdateClientTokenLifespans(t, &oauth2.Config{ClientID: c.GetID(), ClientSecret: conf.ClientSecret}, c.GetID(), client.Lifespans{}, adminTS)
            reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, "opaque")

            //goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
            expectedLifespans := client.Lifespans{
                AuthorizationCodeGrantAccessTokenLifespan:  x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                AuthorizationCodeGrantIDTokenLifespan:      x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                AuthorizationCodeGrantRefreshTokenLifespan: x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetRefreshTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                ClientCredentialsGrantAccessTokenLifespan:  x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                ImplicitGrantAccessTokenLifespan:           x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                ImplicitGrantIDTokenLifespan:               x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                JwtBearerGrantAccessTokenLifespan:          x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                PasswordGrantAccessTokenLifespan:           x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                PasswordGrantRefreshTokenLifespan:          x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetRefreshTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                RefreshTokenGrantIDTokenLifespan:           x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                RefreshTokenGrantAccessTokenLifespan:       x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)},
                RefreshTokenGrantRefreshTokenLifespan:      x.NullDuration{Valid: true, Duration: reg.Config().GetRefreshTokenLifespan(ctx)},
            }
            run(t, "opaque", c, conf, expectedLifespans)
        })
    })

    t.Run("case=use remember feature and prompt=none", func(t *testing.T) {
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
        )

        oc := testhelpers.NewEmptyJarClient(t)
        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc,
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce),
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "login consent"),
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("max_age", "1"),
        )
        require.NotEmpty(t, code)
        token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
        require.NoError(t, err)
        introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)

        // Reset UI to check for skip values
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                require.True(t, r.Skip)
                require.EqualValues(t, subject, r.Subject)
                return nil
            }),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest) {
                require.True(t, *r.Skip)
                require.EqualValues(t, subject, *r.Subject)
            }),
        )

        t.Run("followup=checks if authenticatedAt/requestedAt is properly forwarded across the lifecycle by checking if prompt=none works", func(t *testing.T) {
            // In order to check if authenticatedAt/requestedAt works, we'll sleep first in order to ensure that authenticatedAt is in the past
            // if handled correctly.
            time.Sleep(time.Second + time.Nanosecond)

            code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc,
                oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce),
                oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "none"),
                oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("max_age", "60"),
            )
            require.NotEmpty(t, code)
            token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
            require.NoError(t, err)
            original := introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)

            t.Run("followup=run the flow three more times", func(t *testing.T) {
                for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
                    t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("run=%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
                        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc,
                            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce),
                            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "none"),
                            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("max_age", "60"),
                        )
                        require.NotEmpty(t, code)
                        token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        followup := introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)
                        assert.Equal(t, original.Get("auth_time").Int(), followup.Get("auth_time").Int())
                    })
                }
            })

            t.Run("followup=fails when max age is reached and prompt is none", func(t *testing.T) {
                code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc,
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "none"),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("max_age", "1"),
                )
                require.Empty(t, code)
            })

            t.Run("followup=passes and resets skip when prompt=login", func(t *testing.T) {
                testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                    acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                        require.False(t, r.Skip)
                        require.Empty(t, r.Subject)
                        return nil
                    }),
                    acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest) {
                        require.True(t, *r.Skip)
                        require.EqualValues(t, subject, *r.Subject)
                    }),
                )
                code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc,
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "login"),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("max_age", "1"),
                )
                require.NotEmpty(t, code)
                token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
                require.NoError(t, err)
                introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)
                assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, nonce, time.Now().Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))
            })
        })
    })

    t.Run("case=should fail if prompt=none but no auth session given", func(t *testing.T) {
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
        )

        oc := testhelpers.NewEmptyJarClient(t)
        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc,
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "none"),
        )
        require.Empty(t, code)
    })

    t.Run("case=requires re-authentication when id_token_hint is set to a user 'patrik-neu' but the session is 'aeneas-rekkas' and then fails because the user id from the log in endpoint is 'aeneas-rekkas'", func(t *testing.T) {
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                require.False(t, r.Skip)
                require.Empty(t, r.Subject)
                return nil
            }),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
        )

        oc := testhelpers.NewEmptyJarClient(t)

        // Create login session for aeneas-rekkas
        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc)
        require.NotEmpty(t, code)

        // Perform authentication for aeneas-rekkas which fails because id_token_hint is patrik-neu
        code, _ = getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, oc,
            oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("id_token_hint", testhelpers.NewIDToken(t, reg, "patrik-neu")),
        )
        require.Empty(t, code)
    })

    t.Run("case=should not cause issues if max_age is very low and consent takes a long time", func(t *testing.T) {
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                time.Sleep(time.Second * 2)
                return nil
            }),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
        )

        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil)
        require.NotEmpty(t, code)
    })

    t.Run("case=ensure consistent claims returned for userinfo", func(t *testing.T) {
        c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
        testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
            acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
            acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, nil),
        )

        code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil)
        require.NotEmpty(t, code)

        token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
        require.NoError(t, err)

        idClaims := assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, "", time.Now().Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))

        time.Sleep(time.Second)
        uiClaims := testhelpers.Userinfo(t, token, publicTS)

        for _, f := range []string{
            "sub",
            "iss",
            "aud",
            "bar",
            "auth_time",
        } {
            assert.NotEmpty(t, uiClaims.Get(f).Raw, "%s: %s", f, uiClaims)
            assert.EqualValues(t, idClaims.Get(f).Raw, uiClaims.Get(f).Raw, "%s\nuserinfo: %s\nidtoken: %s", f, uiClaims, idClaims)
        }

        for _, f := range []string{
            "at_hash",
            "c_hash",
            "nonce",
            "sid",
            "jti",
        } {
            assert.Empty(t, uiClaims.Get(f).Raw, "%s: %s", f, uiClaims)
        }
    })

    t.Run("case=add ext claims from hook if configured", func(t *testing.T) {
        run := func(strategy string) func(t *testing.T) {
            return func(t *testing.T) {
                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                    assert.Equal(t, r.Header.Get("Content-Type"), "application/json; charset=UTF-8")
                    assert.Equal(t, r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer secret value")

                    var hookReq hydraoauth2.TokenHookRequest
                    require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&hookReq))
                    require.NotEmpty(t, hookReq.Session)
                    require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{"foo": "bar"}, hookReq.Session.Extra)
                    require.NotEmpty(t, hookReq.Request)
                    require.ElementsMatch(t, []string{}, hookReq.Request.GrantedAudience)
                    require.Equal(t, map[string][]string{"grant_type": {"authorization_code"}}, hookReq.Request.Payload)

                    claims := map[string]interface{}{
                        "hooked": true,
                    }

                    hookResp := hydraoauth2.TokenHookResponse{
                        Session: flow.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequestSession{
                            AccessToken: claims,
                            IDToken:     claims,
                        },
                    }

                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
                    require.NoError(t, json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&hookResp))
                }))
                defer hs.Close()

                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, strategy)
                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, &config.HookConfig{
                    URL: hs.URL,
                    Auth: &config.Auth{
                        Type: "api_key",
                        Config: config.AuthConfig{
                            In:    "header",
                            Name:  "Authorization",
                            Value: "Bearer secret value",
                        },
                    },
                })

                defer reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)

                expectAud := "https://api.ory.sh/"
                c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
                testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                    acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                        assert.False(t, r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                        return nil
                    }),
                    acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest) {
                        assert.False(t, *r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                    }))

                code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil,
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", "https://api.ory.sh/"),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
                require.NotEmpty(t, code)

                token, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
                require.NoError(t, err)

                assertJWTAccessToken(t, strategy, conf, token, subject, time.Now().Add(reg.Config().GetAccessTokenLifespan(ctx)), `["hydra","offline","openid"]`)

                // NOTE: using introspect to cover both jwt and opaque strategies
                accessTokenClaims := introspectAccessToken(t, conf, token, subject)
                require.True(t, accessTokenClaims.Get("ext.hooked").Bool())

                idTokenClaims := assertIDToken(t, token, conf, subject, nonce, time.Now().Add(reg.Config().GetIDTokenLifespan(ctx)))
                require.True(t, idTokenClaims.Get("hooked").Bool())
            }
        }

        t.Run("strategy=opaque", run("opaque"))
        t.Run("strategy=jwt", run("jwt"))
    })

    t.Run("case=fail token exchange if hook fails", func(t *testing.T) {
        run := func(strategy string) func(t *testing.T) {
            return func(t *testing.T) {
                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
                }))
                defer hs.Close()

                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, strategy)
                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)

                defer reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)

                expectAud := "https://api.ory.sh/"
                c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
                testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                    acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                        assert.False(t, r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                        return nil
                    }),
                    acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest) {
                        assert.False(t, *r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                    }))

                code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil,
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", "https://api.ory.sh/"),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
                require.NotEmpty(t, code)

                _, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
                require.Error(t, err)
            }
        }

        t.Run("strategy=opaque", run("opaque"))
        t.Run("strategy=jwt", run("jwt"))
    })

    t.Run("case=fail token exchange if hook denies the request", func(t *testing.T) {
        run := func(strategy string) func(t *testing.T) {
            return func(t *testing.T) {
                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
                }))
                defer hs.Close()

                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, strategy)
                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)

                defer reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)

                expectAud := "https://api.ory.sh/"
                c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
                testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                    acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                        assert.False(t, r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                        return nil
                    }),
                    acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest) {
                        assert.False(t, *r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                    }))

                code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil,
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", "https://api.ory.sh/"),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
                require.NotEmpty(t, code)

                _, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
                require.Error(t, err)
            }
        }

        t.Run("strategy=opaque", run("opaque"))
        t.Run("strategy=jwt", run("jwt"))
    })

    t.Run("case=fail token exchange if hook response is malformed", func(t *testing.T) {
        run := func(strategy string) func(t *testing.T) {
            return func(t *testing.T) {
                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
                }))
                defer hs.Close()

                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, strategy)
                reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)

                defer reg.Config().MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)

                expectAud := "https://api.ory.sh/"
                c, conf := newOAuth2Client(t, reg, testhelpers.NewCallbackURL(t, "callback", testhelpers.HTTPServerNotImplementedHandler))
                testhelpers.NewLoginConsentUI(t, reg.Config(),
                    acceptLoginHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2LoginRequest) *hydra.AcceptOAuth2LoginRequest {
                        assert.False(t, r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                        return nil
                    }),
                    acceptConsentHandler(t, c, subject, func(r *hydra.OAuth2ConsentRequest) {
                        assert.False(t, *r.Skip)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []string{expectAud}, r.RequestedAccessTokenAudience)
                    }))

                code, _ := getAuthorizeCode(t, conf, nil,
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", "https://api.ory.sh/"),
                    oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("nonce", nonce))
                require.NotEmpty(t, code)

                _, err := conf.Exchange(context.Background(), code)
                require.Error(t, err)
            }
        }

        t.Run("strategy=opaque", run("opaque"))
        t.Run("strategy=jwt", run("jwt"))
    })
}

func assertCreateVerifiableCredential(t *testing.T, reg driver.Registry, nonce string, accessToken *oauth2.Token, alg jose.SignatureAlgorithm) {
    // Build a proof from the nonce.
    pubKey, privKey, err := josex.NewSigningKey(alg, 0)
    require.NoError(t, err)
    pubKeyJWK := &jose.JSONWebKey{Key: pubKey, Algorithm: string(alg)}
    proofJWT := createVCProofJWT(t, pubKeyJWK, privKey, nonce)

    // Assert that we can fetch a verifiable credential with the nonce.
    verifiableCredential, _ := createVerifiableCredential(t, reg, accessToken, &hydraoauth2.CreateVerifiableCredentialRequestBody{
        Format: "jwt_vc_json",
        Types:  []string{"VerifiableCredential", "UserInfoCredential"},
        Proof: &hydraoauth2.VerifiableCredentialProof{
            ProofType: "jwt",
            JWT:       proofJWT,
        },
    })
    require.NoError(t, err)
    require.NotNil(t, verifiableCredential)

    _, claims := claimsFromVCResponse(t, reg, verifiableCredential)
    assertClaimsContainPublicKey(t, claims, pubKeyJWK)
}

func claimsFromVCResponse(t *testing.T, reg driver.Registry, vc *hydraoauth2.VerifiableCredentialResponse) (*jwt.Token, *hydraoauth2.VerifableCredentialClaims) {
    ctx := context.Background()
    token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(vc.Credential, new(hydraoauth2.VerifableCredentialClaims), func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
        kid, found := token.Header["kid"]
        if !found {
            return nil, errors.New("missing kid header")
        }
        openIDKey, err := reg.OpenIDJWTStrategy().GetPublicKeyID(ctx)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
        if kid != openIDKey {
            return nil, errors.New("invalid kid header")
        }

        return x.Must(reg.OpenIDJWTStrategy().GetPublicKey(ctx)).Key, nil
    })
    require.NoError(t, err)

    return token, token.Claims.(*hydraoauth2.VerifableCredentialClaims)
}

func assertClaimsContainPublicKey(t *testing.T, claims *hydraoauth2.VerifableCredentialClaims, pubKeyJWK *jose.JSONWebKey) {
    pubKeyRaw, err := pubKeyJWK.MarshalJSON()
    require.NoError(t, err)
    expectedID := fmt.Sprintf("did:jwk:%s", base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(pubKeyRaw))
    require.Equal(t, expectedID, claims.VerifiableCredential.Subject["id"])
}

func createVerifiableCredential(
    t *testing.T,
    reg driver.Registry,
    token *oauth2.Token,
    createVerifiableCredentialReq *hydraoauth2.CreateVerifiableCredentialRequestBody,
) (vcRes *hydraoauth2.VerifiableCredentialResponse, vcErr *fosite.RFC6749Error) {
    var (
        ctx  = context.Background()
        body bytes.Buffer
    )
    require.NoError(t, json.NewEncoder(&body).Encode(createVerifiableCredentialReq))
    req := httpx.MustNewRequest("POST", reg.Config().CredentialsEndpointURL(ctx).String(), &body, "application/json")
    req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token.AccessToken)
    res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
    require.NoError(t, err)
    defer res.Body.Close()

    if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
        var errRes fosite.RFC6749Error
        require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&errRes))
        return nil, &errRes
    }
    require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, res.StatusCode)
    var vc hydraoauth2.VerifiableCredentialResponse
    require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&vc))

    return &vc, vcErr
}

func doPrimingRequest(
    t *testing.T,
    reg driver.Registry,
    token *oauth2.Token,
    createVerifiableCredentialReq *hydraoauth2.CreateVerifiableCredentialRequestBody,
) (*hydraoauth2.VerifiableCredentialPrimingResponse, error) {
    var (
        ctx  = context.Background()
        body bytes.Buffer
    )
    require.NoError(t, json.NewEncoder(&body).Encode(createVerifiableCredentialReq))
    req := httpx.MustNewRequest("POST", reg.Config().CredentialsEndpointURL(ctx).String(), &body, "application/json")
    req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token.AccessToken)
    res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    defer res.Body.Close()
    require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, res.StatusCode)
    var vc hydraoauth2.VerifiableCredentialPrimingResponse
    require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&vc))

    return &vc, nil
}

func createVCProofJWT(t *testing.T, pubKey *jose.JSONWebKey, privKey any, nonce string) string {
    proofToken := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.GetSigningMethod(string(pubKey.Algorithm)), jwt.MapClaims{"nonce": nonce})
    proofToken.Header["jwk"] = pubKey
    proofJWT, err := proofToken.SignedString(privKey)
    require.NoError(t, err)

    return proofJWT
}

// TestAuthCodeWithMockStrategy runs the authorization_code flow against various ConsentStrategy scenarios.
// For that purpose, the consent strategy is mocked so all scenarios can be applied properly. This test suite checks:
//
// - [x] should pass request if strategy passes
// - [x] should fail because prompt=none and max_age > auth_time
// - [x] should pass because prompt=none and max_age < auth_time
// - [x] should fail because prompt=none but auth_time suggests recent authentication
// - [x] should fail because consent strategy fails
// - [x] should pass with prompt=login when authentication time is recent
// - [x] should fail with prompt=login when authentication time is in the past
func TestAuthCodeWithMockStrategy(t *testing.T) {
    ctx := context.Background()
    for _, strat := range []struct{ d string }{{d: "opaque"}, {d: "jwt"}} {
        t.Run("strategy="+strat.d, func(t *testing.T) {
            conf := internal.NewConfigurationWithDefaults()
            conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenLifespan, time.Second*2)
            conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyScopeStrategy, "DEPRECATED_HIERARCHICAL_SCOPE_STRATEGY")
            conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyAccessTokenStrategy, strat.d)
            reg := internal.NewRegistryMemory(t, conf, &contextx.Default{})
            internal.MustEnsureRegistryKeys(ctx, reg, x.OpenIDConnectKeyName)
            internal.MustEnsureRegistryKeys(ctx, reg, x.OAuth2JWTKeyName)

            consentStrategy := &consentMock{}
            router := x.NewRouterPublic()
            ts := httptest.NewServer(router)
            defer ts.Close()

            reg.WithConsentStrategy(consentStrategy)
            handler := reg.OAuth2Handler()
            handler.SetRoutes(httprouterx.NewRouterAdminWithPrefixAndRouter(router.Router, "/admin", conf.AdminURL), router, func(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
                return h
            })

            var callbackHandler *httprouter.Handle
            router.GET("/callback", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
                (*callbackHandler)(w, r, ps)
            })
            var mutex sync.Mutex

            require.NoError(t, reg.ClientManager().CreateClient(context.TODO(), &client.Client{
                ID:            "app-client",
                Secret:        "secret",
                RedirectURIs:  []string{ts.URL + "/callback"},
                ResponseTypes: []string{"id_token", "code", "token"},
                GrantTypes:    []string{"implicit", "refresh_token", "authorization_code", "password", "client_credentials"},
                Scope:         "hydra.* offline openid",
            }))

            oauthConfig := &oauth2.Config{
                ClientID:     "app-client",
                ClientSecret: "secret",
                Endpoint: oauth2.Endpoint{
                    AuthURL:  ts.URL + "/oauth2/auth",
                    TokenURL: ts.URL + "/oauth2/token",
                },
                RedirectURL: ts.URL + "/callback",
                Scopes:      []string{"hydra.*", "offline", "openid"},
            }

            var code string
            for k, tc := range []struct {
                cj                        http.CookieJar
                d                         string
                cb                        func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle
                authURL                   string
                shouldPassConsentStrategy bool
                expectOAuthAuthError      bool
                expectOAuthTokenError     bool
                checkExpiry               bool
                authTime                  time.Time
                requestTime               time.Time
                assertAccessToken         func(*testing.T, string)
            }{
                {
                    d:                         "should pass request if strategy passes",
                    authURL:                   oauthConfig.AuthCodeURL("some-foo-state"),
                    shouldPassConsentStrategy: true,
                    checkExpiry:               true,
                    cb: func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
                        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
                            code = r.URL.Query().Get("code")
                            require.NotEmpty(t, code)
                            _, _ = w.Write([]byte(r.URL.Query().Get("code")))
                        }
                    },
                    assertAccessToken: func(t *testing.T, token string) {
                        if strat.d != "jwt" {
                            return
                        }

                        body, err := x.DecodeSegment(strings.Split(token, ".")[1])
                        require.NoError(t, err)

                        data := map[string]interface{}{}
                        require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &data))

                        assert.EqualValues(t, "app-client", data["client_id"])
                        assert.EqualValues(t, "foo", data["sub"])
                        assert.NotEmpty(t, data["iss"])
                        assert.NotEmpty(t, data["jti"])
                        assert.NotEmpty(t, data["exp"])
                        assert.NotEmpty(t, data["iat"])
                        assert.NotEmpty(t, data["nbf"])
                        assert.EqualValues(t, data["nbf"], data["iat"])
                        assert.EqualValues(t, []interface{}{"offline", "openid", "hydra.*"}, data["scp"])
                    },
                },
                {
                    d:                         "should fail because prompt=none and max_age > auth_time",
                    authURL:                   oauthConfig.AuthCodeURL("some-foo-state") + "&prompt=none&max_age=1",
                    authTime:                  time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute),
                    requestTime:               time.Now().UTC(),
                    shouldPassConsentStrategy: true,
                    cb: func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
                        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
                            code = r.URL.Query().Get("code")
                            err := r.URL.Query().Get("error")
                            require.Empty(t, code)
                            require.EqualValues(t, fosite.ErrLoginRequired.Error(), err)
                        }
                    },
                    expectOAuthAuthError: true,
                },
                {
                    d:                         "should pass because prompt=none and max_age is less than auth_time",
                    authURL:                   oauthConfig.AuthCodeURL("some-foo-state") + "&prompt=none&max_age=3600",
                    authTime:                  time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute),
                    requestTime:               time.Now().UTC(),
                    shouldPassConsentStrategy: true,
                    cb: func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
                        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
                            code = r.URL.Query().Get("code")
                            require.NotEmpty(t, code)
                            _, _ = w.Write([]byte(r.URL.Query().Get("code")))
                        }
                    },
                },
                {
                    d:                         "should fail because prompt=none but auth_time suggests recent authentication",
                    authURL:                   oauthConfig.AuthCodeURL("some-foo-state") + "&prompt=none",
                    authTime:                  time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute),
                    requestTime:               time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour),
                    shouldPassConsentStrategy: true,
                    cb: func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
                        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
                            code = r.URL.Query().Get("code")
                            err := r.URL.Query().Get("error")
                            require.Empty(t, code)
                            require.EqualValues(t, fosite.ErrLoginRequired.Error(), err)
                        }
                    },
                    expectOAuthAuthError: true,
                },
                {
                    d:                         "should fail because consent strategy fails",
                    authURL:                   oauthConfig.AuthCodeURL("some-foo-state"),
                    expectOAuthAuthError:      true,
                    shouldPassConsentStrategy: false,
                    cb: func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
                        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
                            require.Empty(t, r.URL.Query().Get("code"))
                            assert.Equal(t, fosite.ErrRequestForbidden.Error(), r.URL.Query().Get("error"))
                        }
                    },
                },
                {
                    d:                         "should pass with prompt=login when authentication time is recent",
                    authURL:                   oauthConfig.AuthCodeURL("some-foo-state") + "&prompt=login",
                    authTime:                  time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Second),
                    requestTime:               time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute),
                    shouldPassConsentStrategy: true,
                    cb: func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
                        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
                            code = r.URL.Query().Get("code")
                            require.NotEmpty(t, code)
                            _, _ = w.Write([]byte(r.URL.Query().Get("code")))
                        }
                    },
                },
                {
                    d:                         "should fail with prompt=login when authentication time is in the past",
                    authURL:                   oauthConfig.AuthCodeURL("some-foo-state") + "&prompt=login",
                    authTime:                  time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute),
                    requestTime:               time.Now().UTC(),
                    expectOAuthAuthError:      true,
                    shouldPassConsentStrategy: true,
                    cb: func(t *testing.T) httprouter.Handle {
                        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
                            code = r.URL.Query().Get("code")
                            require.Empty(t, code)
                            assert.Equal(t, fosite.ErrLoginRequired.Error(), r.URL.Query().Get("error"))
                        }
                    },
                },
            } {
                t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("case=%d/description=%s", k, tc.d), func(t *testing.T) {
                    mutex.Lock()
                    defer mutex.Unlock()
                    if tc.cb == nil {
                        tc.cb = noopHandler
                    }

                    consentStrategy.deny = !tc.shouldPassConsentStrategy
                    consentStrategy.authTime = tc.authTime
                    consentStrategy.requestTime = tc.requestTime

                    cb := tc.cb(t)
                    callbackHandler = &cb

                    req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", tc.authURL, nil)
                    require.NoError(t, err)

                    if tc.cj == nil {
                        tc.cj = testhelpers.NewEmptyCookieJar(t)
                    }

                    resp, err := (&http.Client{Jar: tc.cj}).Do(req)
                    require.NoError(t, err, tc.authURL, ts.URL)
                    defer resp.Body.Close()

                    if tc.expectOAuthAuthError {
                        require.Empty(t, code)
                        return
                    }

                    require.NotEmpty(t, code)

                    token, err := oauthConfig.Exchange(context.TODO(), code)
                    if tc.expectOAuthTokenError {
                        require.Error(t, err)
                        return
                    }

                    require.NoError(t, err, code)
                    if tc.assertAccessToken != nil {
                        tc.assertAccessToken(t, token.AccessToken)
                    }

                    t.Run("case=userinfo", func(t *testing.T) {
                        var makeRequest = func(req *http.Request) *http.Response {
                            resp, err = http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
                            require.NoError(t, err)
                            return resp
                        }

                        var testSuccess = func(response *http.Response) {
                            defer resp.Body.Close()

                            require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)

                            var claims map[string]interface{}
                            require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&claims))
                            assert.Equal(t, "foo", claims["sub"])
                        }

                        req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", ts.URL+"/userinfo", nil)
                        req.Header.Add("Authorization", "bearer "+token.AccessToken)
                        testSuccess(makeRequest(req))

                        req, err = http.NewRequest("POST", ts.URL+"/userinfo", nil)
                        req.Header.Add("Authorization", "bearer "+token.AccessToken)
                        testSuccess(makeRequest(req))

                        req, err = http.NewRequest("POST", ts.URL+"/userinfo", bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("access_token="+token.AccessToken)))
                        req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
                        testSuccess(makeRequest(req))

                        req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", ts.URL+"/userinfo", nil)
                        req.Header.Add("Authorization", "bearer asdfg")
                        resp := makeRequest(req)
                        require.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, resp.StatusCode)
                    })

                    res, err := testRefresh(t, token, ts.URL, tc.checkExpiry)
                    require.NoError(t, err)
                    assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, res.StatusCode)

                    body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
                    require.NoError(t, err)

                    var refreshedToken oauth2.Token
                    require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &refreshedToken))

                    if tc.assertAccessToken != nil {
                        tc.assertAccessToken(t, refreshedToken.AccessToken)
                    }

                    t.Run("the tokens should be different", func(t *testing.T) {
                        if strat.d != "jwt" {
                            t.Skip()
                        }

                        body, err := x.DecodeSegment(strings.Split(token.AccessToken, ".")[1])
                        require.NoError(t, err)

                        origPayload := map[string]interface{}{}
                        require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &origPayload))

                        body, err = x.DecodeSegment(strings.Split(refreshedToken.AccessToken, ".")[1])
                        require.NoError(t, err)

                        refreshedPayload := map[string]interface{}{}
                        require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &refreshedPayload))

                        if tc.checkExpiry {
                            assert.NotEqual(t, refreshedPayload["exp"], origPayload["exp"])
                            assert.NotEqual(t, refreshedPayload["iat"], origPayload["iat"])
                            assert.NotEqual(t, refreshedPayload["nbf"], origPayload["nbf"])
                        }
                        assert.NotEqual(t, refreshedPayload["jti"], origPayload["jti"])
                        assert.Equal(t, refreshedPayload["client_id"], origPayload["client_id"])
                    })

                    require.NotEqual(t, token.AccessToken, refreshedToken.AccessToken)

                    t.Run("old token should no longer be usable", func(t *testing.T) {
                        req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", ts.URL+"/userinfo", nil)
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        req.Header.Add("Authorization", "bearer "+token.AccessToken)
                        res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        assert.EqualValues(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, res.StatusCode)
                    })

                    t.Run("refreshing new refresh token should work", func(t *testing.T) {
                        res, err := testRefresh(t, &refreshedToken, ts.URL, false)
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, res.StatusCode)

                        body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &refreshedToken))
                    })

                    t.Run("should call refresh token hook if configured", func(t *testing.T) {
                        run := func(hookType string) func(t *testing.T) {
                            return func(t *testing.T) {
                                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                                    assert.Equal(t, r.Header.Get("Content-Type"), "application/json; charset=UTF-8")

                                    expectedGrantedScopes := []string{"openid", "offline", "hydra.*"}
                                    expectedSubject := "foo"

                                    exceptKeys := []string{
                                        "session.kid",
                                        "session.id_token.expires_at",
                                        "session.id_token.headers.extra.kid",
                                        "session.id_token.id_token_claims.iat",
                                        "session.id_token.id_token_claims.exp",
                                        "session.id_token.id_token_claims.rat",
                                        "session.id_token.id_token_claims.auth_time",
                                    }

                                    if hookType == "legacy" {
                                        var hookReq hydraoauth2.RefreshTokenHookRequest
                                        require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&hookReq))
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Subject, expectedSubject)
                                        require.ElementsMatch(t, hookReq.GrantedScopes, expectedGrantedScopes)
                                        require.ElementsMatch(t, hookReq.GrantedAudience, []string{})
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.ClientID, oauthConfig.ClientID)
                                        require.NotEmpty(t, hookReq.Session)
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Session.Subject, expectedSubject)
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Session.ClientID, oauthConfig.ClientID)
                                        require.NotEmpty(t, hookReq.Requester)
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Requester.ClientID, oauthConfig.ClientID)
                                        require.ElementsMatch(t, hookReq.Requester.GrantedScopes, expectedGrantedScopes)

                                        snapshotx.SnapshotT(t, hookReq, snapshotx.ExceptPaths(exceptKeys...))
                                    } else {
                                        var hookReq hydraoauth2.TokenHookRequest
                                        require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&hookReq))
                                        require.NotEmpty(t, hookReq.Session)
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Session.Subject, expectedSubject)
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Session.ClientID, oauthConfig.ClientID)
                                        require.NotEmpty(t, hookReq.Request)
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Request.ClientID, oauthConfig.ClientID)
                                        require.ElementsMatch(t, hookReq.Request.GrantedScopes, expectedGrantedScopes)
                                        require.ElementsMatch(t, hookReq.Request.GrantedAudience, []string{})
                                        require.Equal(t, hookReq.Request.Payload, map[string][]string{"grant_type": {"refresh_token"}})

                                        snapshotx.SnapshotT(t, hookReq, snapshotx.ExceptPaths(exceptKeys...))
                                    }

                                    claims := map[string]interface{}{
                                        "hooked": hookType,
                                    }

                                    hookResp := hydraoauth2.TokenHookResponse{
                                        Session: flow.AcceptOAuth2ConsentRequestSession{
                                            AccessToken: claims,
                                            IDToken:     claims,
                                        },
                                    }

                                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
                                    require.NoError(t, json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&hookResp))
                                }))
                                defer hs.Close()

                                if hookType == "legacy" {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, nil)
                                } else {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)
                                }

                                res, err := testRefresh(t, &refreshedToken, ts.URL, false)
                                require.NoError(t, err)
                                assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, res.StatusCode)

                                body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
                                require.NoError(t, err)
                                require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &refreshedToken))

                                accessTokenClaims := testhelpers.IntrospectToken(t, oauthConfig, refreshedToken.AccessToken, ts)
                                require.Equal(t, accessTokenClaims.Get("ext.hooked").String(), hookType)

                                idTokenBody, err := x.DecodeSegment(
                                    strings.Split(
                                        gjson.GetBytes(body, "id_token").String(),
                                        ".",
                                    )[1],
                                )
                                require.NoError(t, err)

                                require.Equal(t, gjson.GetBytes(idTokenBody, "hooked").String(), hookType)
                            }
                        }
                        t.Run("hook=legacy", run("legacy"))
                        t.Run("hook=new", run("new"))
                    })

                    t.Run("should not override session data if token refresh hook returns no content", func(t *testing.T) {
                        run := func(hookType string) func(t *testing.T) {
                            return func(t *testing.T) {
                                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
                                }))
                                defer hs.Close()

                                if hookType == "legacy" {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, nil)
                                } else {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)
                                }

                                origAccessTokenClaims := testhelpers.IntrospectToken(t, oauthConfig, refreshedToken.AccessToken, ts)

                                res, err := testRefresh(t, &refreshedToken, ts.URL, false)
                                require.NoError(t, err)
                                assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, res.StatusCode)

                                body, err = io.ReadAll(res.Body)
                                require.NoError(t, err)

                                require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &refreshedToken))

                                refreshedAccessTokenClaims := testhelpers.IntrospectToken(t, oauthConfig, refreshedToken.AccessToken, ts)
                                assertx.EqualAsJSONExcept(t, json.RawMessage(origAccessTokenClaims.Raw), json.RawMessage(refreshedAccessTokenClaims.Raw), []string{"exp", "iat", "nbf"})
                            }
                        }
                        t.Run("hook=legacy", run("legacy"))
                        t.Run("hook=new", run("new"))
                    })

                    t.Run("should fail token refresh with `server_error` if refresh hook fails", func(t *testing.T) {
                        run := func(hookType string) func(t *testing.T) {
                            return func(t *testing.T) {
                                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
                                }))
                                defer hs.Close()

                                if hookType == "legacy" {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, nil)
                                } else {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)
                                }

                                res, err := testRefresh(t, &refreshedToken, ts.URL, false)
                                require.NoError(t, err)
                                assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, res.StatusCode)

                                var errBody fosite.RFC6749ErrorJson
                                require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&errBody))
                                require.Equal(t, fosite.ErrServerError.Error(), errBody.Name)
                                require.Equal(t, "An error occurred while executing the token hook.", errBody.Description)
                            }
                        }
                        t.Run("hook=legacy", run("legacy"))
                        t.Run("hook=new", run("new"))
                    })

                    t.Run("should fail token refresh with `access_denied` if legacy refresh hook denied the request", func(t *testing.T) {
                        run := func(hookType string) func(t *testing.T) {
                            return func(t *testing.T) {
                                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
                                }))
                                defer hs.Close()

                                if hookType == "legacy" {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, nil)
                                } else {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)
                                }

                                res, err := testRefresh(t, &refreshedToken, ts.URL, false)
                                require.NoError(t, err)
                                assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, res.StatusCode)

                                var errBody fosite.RFC6749ErrorJson
                                require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&errBody))
                                require.Equal(t, fosite.ErrAccessDenied.Error(), errBody.Name)
                                require.Equal(t, "The token hook target responded with an error. Make sure that the request you are making is valid. Maybe the credential or request parameters you are using are limited in scope or otherwise restricted.", errBody.Description)
                            }
                        }
                        t.Run("hook=legacy", run("legacy"))
                        t.Run("hook=new", run("new"))
                    })

                    t.Run("should fail token refresh with `server_error` if refresh hook response is malformed", func(t *testing.T) {
                        run := func(hookType string) func(t *testing.T) {
                            return func(t *testing.T) {
                                hs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
                                    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
                                }))
                                defer hs.Close()

                                if hookType == "legacy" {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyRefreshTokenHook, nil)
                                } else {
                                    conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, hs.URL)
                                    defer conf.MustSet(ctx, config.KeyTokenHook, nil)
                                }

                                res, err := testRefresh(t, &refreshedToken, ts.URL, false)
                                require.NoError(t, err)
                                assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, res.StatusCode)

                                var errBody fosite.RFC6749ErrorJson
                                require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&errBody))
                                require.Equal(t, fosite.ErrServerError.Error(), errBody.Name)
                                require.Equal(t, "The token hook target responded with an error.", errBody.Description)
                            }
                        }
                        t.Run("hook=legacy", run("legacy"))
                        t.Run("hook=new", run("new"))
                    })

                    t.Run("refreshing old token should no longer work", func(t *testing.T) {
                        res, err := testRefresh(t, token, ts.URL, false)
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, res.StatusCode)
                    })

                    t.Run("attempt to refresh old token should revoke new token", func(t *testing.T) {
                        res, err := testRefresh(t, &refreshedToken, ts.URL, false)
                        require.NoError(t, err)
                        assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, res.StatusCode)
                    })

                    t.Run("duplicate code exchange fails", func(t *testing.T) {
                        token, err := oauthConfig.Exchange(context.TODO(), code)
                        require.Error(t, err)
                        require.Nil(t, token)
                    })

                    code = ""
                })
            }
        })
    }
}

func testRefresh(t *testing.T, token *oauth2.Token, u string, sleep bool) (*http.Response, error) {
    if sleep {
        time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 1001)
    }

    oauthClientConfig := &clientcredentials.Config{
        ClientID:     "app-client",
        ClientSecret: "secret",
        TokenURL:     u + "/oauth2/token",
        Scopes:       []string{"foobar"},
    }

    req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", oauthClientConfig.TokenURL, strings.NewReader(url.Values{
        "grant_type":    []string{"refresh_token"},
        "refresh_token": []string{token.RefreshToken},
    }.Encode()))
    require.NoError(t, err)

    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
    req.SetBasicAuth(oauthClientConfig.ClientID, oauthClientConfig.ClientSecret)

    return http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
}

func withScope(scope string) func(*client.Client) {
    return func(c *client.Client) {
        c.Scope = scope
    }
}

func newOAuth2Client(
    t *testing.T,
    reg interface {
        config.Provider
        client.Registry
    },
    callbackURL string,
    opts ...func(*client.Client),
) (*client.Client, *oauth2.Config) {
    ctx := context.Background()
    secret := uuid.New()
    c := &client.Client{
        Secret:        secret,
        RedirectURIs:  []string{callbackURL},
        ResponseTypes: []string{"id_token", "code", "token"},
        GrantTypes: []string{
            "implicit",
            "refresh_token",
            "authorization_code",
            "password",
            "client_credentials",
        },
        Scope:    "hydra offline openid",
        Audience: []string{"https://api.ory.sh/"},
    }

    // apply options
    for _, o := range opts {
        o(c)
    }

    require.NoError(t, reg.ClientManager().CreateClient(ctx, c))
    return c, &oauth2.Config{
        ClientID:     c.GetID(),
        ClientSecret: secret,
        Endpoint: oauth2.Endpoint{
            AuthURL:   reg.Config().OAuth2AuthURL(ctx).String(),
            TokenURL:  reg.Config().OAuth2TokenURL(ctx).String(),
            AuthStyle: oauth2.AuthStyleInHeader,
        },
        Scopes: strings.Split(c.Scope, " "),
    }
}