subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call([pdfprog, tex_filename])
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call(['pdfcrop', pdf_filename])
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call(['mv', rootfilename+'-crop.pdf', pdf_filename])
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call([sys_cmd['rm'], rootfilename+'.aux ', rootfilename+'.log ', rootfilename+'.tex'])
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call(['Pdf2Png', rootfilename])
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call(['rm', pdf_filename])
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call([pdfprog, tex_filename, sys_cmd['null']])
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call([sys_cmd['evince'], pdf_filename])
- Exclude checks
Consider possible security implications associated with subprocess module. Open
import subprocess
- Exclude checks
subprocess call - check for execution of untrusted input. Open
subprocess.call([sys_cmd['rm'], rootfilename+'.aux ', rootfilename+'.log'])
- Exclude checks
Starting a process with a partial executable path Open
subprocess.call(['rm', pdf_filename])
- Exclude checks
Starting a process with a partial executable path Open
subprocess.call(['pdfcrop', pdf_filename])
- Exclude checks
Starting a process with a partial executable path Open
subprocess.call(['Pdf2Png', rootfilename])
- Exclude checks
Starting a process with a partial executable path Open
subprocess.call(['mv', rootfilename+'-crop.pdf', pdf_filename])
- Exclude checks
Function gprint
has a Cognitive Complexity of 40 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def gprint(*xargs):
"""
Print latex or text from python script or latex from Jupyter Notebook/Lab
"""
- Read upRead up
Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Function gxpdf
has a Cognitive Complexity of 23 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def gxpdf(filename=None, paper=(14, 11), crop=False, png=False, prog=False, debug=False, pt='10pt', pdfprog='pdflatex', evince=True, rm=True, null=True, documentclass='book'):
"""
Post processes LaTeX output (see comments below), adds preamble and
postscript, generates tex file, inputs file to latex, displays resulting
- Read upRead up
Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Cyclomatic complexity is too high in function gprint. (14) Open
def gprint(*xargs):
"""
Print latex or text from python script or latex from Jupyter Notebook/Lab
"""
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Cyclomatic Complexity
Cyclomatic Complexity corresponds to the number of decisions a block of code contains plus 1. This number (also called McCabe number) is equal to the number of linearly independent paths through the code. This number can be used as a guide when testing conditional logic in blocks.
Radon analyzes the AST tree of a Python program to compute Cyclomatic Complexity. Statements have the following effects on Cyclomatic Complexity:
Construct | Effect on CC | Reasoning |
---|---|---|
if | +1 | An if statement is a single decision. |
elif | +1 | The elif statement adds another decision. |
else | +0 | The else statement does not cause a new decision. The decision is at the if. |
for | +1 | There is a decision at the start of the loop. |
while | +1 | There is a decision at the while statement. |
except | +1 | Each except branch adds a new conditional path of execution. |
finally | +0 | The finally block is unconditionally executed. |
with | +1 | The with statement roughly corresponds to a try/except block (see PEP 343 for details). |
assert | +1 | The assert statement internally roughly equals a conditional statement. |
Comprehension | +1 | A list/set/dict comprehension of generator expression is equivalent to a for loop. |
Boolean Operator | +1 | Every boolean operator (and, or) adds a decision point. |
Cyclomatic complexity is too high in function gxpdf. (12) Open
def gxpdf(filename=None, paper=(14, 11), crop=False, png=False, prog=False, debug=False, pt='10pt', pdfprog='pdflatex', evince=True, rm=True, null=True, documentclass='book'):
"""
Post processes LaTeX output (see comments below), adds preamble and
postscript, generates tex file, inputs file to latex, displays resulting
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Cyclomatic Complexity
Cyclomatic Complexity corresponds to the number of decisions a block of code contains plus 1. This number (also called McCabe number) is equal to the number of linearly independent paths through the code. This number can be used as a guide when testing conditional logic in blocks.
Radon analyzes the AST tree of a Python program to compute Cyclomatic Complexity. Statements have the following effects on Cyclomatic Complexity:
Construct | Effect on CC | Reasoning |
---|---|---|
if | +1 | An if statement is a single decision. |
elif | +1 | The elif statement adds another decision. |
else | +0 | The else statement does not cause a new decision. The decision is at the if. |
for | +1 | There is a decision at the start of the loop. |
while | +1 | There is a decision at the while statement. |
except | +1 | Each except branch adds a new conditional path of execution. |
finally | +0 | The finally block is unconditionally executed. |
with | +1 | The with statement roughly corresponds to a try/except block (see PEP 343 for details). |
assert | +1 | The assert statement internally roughly equals a conditional statement. |
Comprehension | +1 | A list/set/dict comprehension of generator expression is equivalent to a for loop. |
Boolean Operator | +1 | Every boolean operator (and, or) adds a decision point. |
Function gxpdf
has 12 arguments (exceeds 4 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def gxpdf(filename=None, paper=(14, 11), crop=False, png=False, prog=False, debug=False, pt='10pt', pdfprog='pdflatex', evince=True, rm=True, null=True, documentclass='book'):
Refactor this function to reduce its Cognitive Complexity from 23 to the 15 allowed. Open
def gxpdf(filename=None, paper=(14, 11), crop=False, png=False, prog=False, debug=False, pt='10pt', pdfprog='pdflatex', evince=True, rm=True, null=True, documentclass='book'):
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how hard the control flow of a function is to understand. Functions with high Cognitive Complexity will be difficult to maintain.
See
Refactor this function to reduce its Cognitive Complexity from 40 to the 15 allowed. Open
def gprint(*xargs):
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how hard the control flow of a function is to understand. Functions with high Cognitive Complexity will be difficult to maintain.
See
Function "gxpdf" has 12 parameters, which is greater than the 7 authorized. Open
def gxpdf(filename=None, paper=(14, 11), crop=False, png=False, prog=False, debug=False, pt='10pt', pdfprog='pdflatex', evince=True, rm=True, null=True, documentclass='book'):
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
A long parameter list can indicate that a new structure should be created to wrap the numerous parameters or that the function is doing too many things.
Noncompliant Code Example
With a maximum number of 4 parameters:
def do_something(param1, param2, param3, param4, param5): ...
Compliant Solution
def do_something(param1, param2, param3, param4): ...
Line too long (91 > 79 characters) Open
r'$$\newcommand{\npdiff}[3]{\bfrac{\partial^{#3} {#1}}{\partial {#2}^{#3}}}$$',
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (175 > 79 characters) Open
def gxpdf(filename=None, paper=(14, 11), crop=False, png=False, prog=False, debug=False, pt='10pt', pdfprog='pdflatex', evince=True, rm=True, null=True, documentclass='book'):
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (86 > 79 characters) Open
'darwin': {'rm': 'rm', 'evince': 'open', 'null': ' > /dev/null', '&': '&'}}
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (141 > 79 characters) Open
``Format()`` is also required for printing from *ipython notebook* (note that ``xpdf()`` is not needed to print from *ipython notebook*).
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (101 > 79 characters) Open
crop True Use "pdfcrop" to crop output file (pdfcrop must be installed, linux only)
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (91 > 79 characters) Open
subprocess.call([sys_cmd['rm'], rootfilename+'.aux ', rootfilename+'.log'])
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (87 > 79 characters) Open
'linux': {'rm': 'rm', 'evince': 'evince', 'null': ' > /dev/null', '&': '&'},
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (103 > 79 characters) Open
We assume that if gxpdf() is called then gFormat() has been called at the beginning of the program.
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (80 > 79 characters) Open
r'$$\newcommand{\pdiff}[2]{\bfrac{\partial {#1}}{\partial {#2}}}$$',
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (100 > 79 characters) Open
pdfprog 'pdflatex' Use pdfprog to generate pdf output, only generate tex if pdfprog is None
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (107 > 79 characters) Open
png True Use "convert" to produce png output (imagemagick must be installed, linux only)
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (83 > 79 characters) Open
'in,' + str(paper[1]) + 'in},total={' + str(paper[0] - 1) + \
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (85 > 79 characters) Open
def paper_format(paper, pt, documentclass='book'): # Set size of paper and font size
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (194 > 79 characters) Open
LaTeX.latex_str += r'\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python,showspaces=false,showstringspaces=false,backgroundcolor=\color{gray},frame=single]%s\end{lstlisting}\text{Code Output:}' % tmp_str
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (113 > 79 characters) Open
subprocess.call([sys_cmd['rm'], rootfilename+'.aux ', rootfilename+'.log ', rootfilename+'.tex'])
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (80 > 79 characters) Open
'win32': {'rm': 'del', 'evince': 'start', 'null': ' > NUL', '&': ''},
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (85 > 79 characters) Open
xi_rep = xi.replace(r'\\', r'\end{equation*}@\begin{equation*} ')
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (109 > 79 characters) Open
latex_str = paper_format(paper, pt, documentclass)+LaTeX.latex_preamble+LaTeX.latex_str+r'\end{document}'
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (88 > 79 characters) Open
SYS_CMD = {'linux2': {'rm': 'rm', 'evince': 'evince', 'null': ' > /dev/null', '&': '&'},
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (93 > 79 characters) Open
xi_rep = xi.replace(r'\\', r'\end{equation*}'+'\n'+r'\begin{equation*} ')
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (99 > 79 characters) Open
LaTeX.latex_str += r'\begin{equation*} ' + (fstr % tuple(x)) + r'\end{equation*} '+'\n'
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Rename function "gPrint_Function" to match the regular expression ^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{2,}$. Open
def gPrint_Function():
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Shared coding conventions allow teams to collaborate efficiently. This rule checks that all function names match a provided regular expression.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default provided regular expression: ^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{2,30}$
def MyFunction(a,b): ...
Compliant Solution
def my_function(a,b): ...
Rename function "gFormat" to match the regular expression ^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{2,}$. Open
def gFormat(Fmode: bool = True, Dmode: bool = True, inverse='full'):
- Read upRead up
- Exclude checks
Shared coding conventions allow teams to collaborate efficiently. This rule checks that all function names match a provided regular expression.
Noncompliant Code Example
With the default provided regular expression: ^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{2,30}$
def MyFunction(a,b): ...
Compliant Solution
def my_function(a,b): ...