Cyclomatic complexity is too high in function main. (10) Open
def main(argv, version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
try:
import setuptools
except ImportError:
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Cyclomatic Complexity
Cyclomatic Complexity corresponds to the number of decisions a block of code contains plus 1. This number (also called McCabe number) is equal to the number of linearly independent paths through the code. This number can be used as a guide when testing conditional logic in blocks.
Radon analyzes the AST tree of a Python program to compute Cyclomatic Complexity. Statements have the following effects on Cyclomatic Complexity:
Construct | Effect on CC | Reasoning |
---|---|---|
if | +1 | An if statement is a single decision. |
elif | +1 | The elif statement adds another decision. |
else | +0 | The else statement does not cause a new decision. The decision is at the if. |
for | +1 | There is a decision at the start of the loop. |
while | +1 | There is a decision at the while statement. |
except | +1 | Each except branch adds a new conditional path of execution. |
finally | +0 | The finally block is unconditionally executed. |
with | +1 | The with statement roughly corresponds to a try/except block (see PEP 343 for details). |
assert | +1 | The assert statement internally roughly equals a conditional statement. |
Comprehension | +1 | A list/set/dict comprehension of generator expression is equivalent to a for loop. |
Boolean Operator | +1 | Every boolean operator (and, or) adds a decision point. |
Function main
has a Cognitive Complexity of 15 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def main(argv, version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
try:
import setuptools
except ImportError:
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Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Cyclomatic complexity is too high in function use_setuptools. (6) Open
def use_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir,
download_delay=15
):
"""Automatically find/download setuptools and make it available on sys.path
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Cyclomatic Complexity
Cyclomatic Complexity corresponds to the number of decisions a block of code contains plus 1. This number (also called McCabe number) is equal to the number of linearly independent paths through the code. This number can be used as a guide when testing conditional logic in blocks.
Radon analyzes the AST tree of a Python program to compute Cyclomatic Complexity. Statements have the following effects on Cyclomatic Complexity:
Construct | Effect on CC | Reasoning |
---|---|---|
if | +1 | An if statement is a single decision. |
elif | +1 | The elif statement adds another decision. |
else | +0 | The else statement does not cause a new decision. The decision is at the if. |
for | +1 | There is a decision at the start of the loop. |
while | +1 | There is a decision at the while statement. |
except | +1 | Each except branch adds a new conditional path of execution. |
finally | +0 | The finally block is unconditionally executed. |
with | +1 | The with statement roughly corresponds to a try/except block (see PEP 343 for details). |
assert | +1 | The assert statement internally roughly equals a conditional statement. |
Comprehension | +1 | A list/set/dict comprehension of generator expression is equivalent to a for loop. |
Boolean Operator | +1 | Every boolean operator (and, or) adds a decision point. |
Function download_setuptools
has a Cognitive Complexity of 7 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def download_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir,
delay=15
):
"""Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename
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Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Function use_setuptools
has a Cognitive Complexity of 6 (exceeds 5 allowed). Consider refactoring. Open
def use_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir,
download_delay=15
):
"""Automatically find/download setuptools and make it available on sys.path
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Cognitive Complexity
Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.
A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:
- Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
- Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
- Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"
Further reading
Line too long (83 > 80 characters) Open
"remove it from your system entirely before rerunning this script."
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Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Continuation line missing indentation or outdented Open
" a more recent version first, using 'easy_install -U setuptools'."
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Continuation lines indentation.
Continuation lines should align wrapped elements either vertically
using Python's implicit line joining inside parentheses, brackets
and braces, or using a hanging indent.
When using a hanging indent these considerations should be applied:
- there should be no arguments on the first line, and
- further indentation should be used to clearly distinguish itself
as a continuation line.
Okay: a = (\n)
E123: a = (\n )
Okay: a = (\n 42)
E121: a = (\n 42)
E122: a = (\n42)
E123: a = (\n 42\n )
E124: a = (24,\n 42\n)
E125: if (\n b):\n pass
E126: a = (\n 42)
E127: a = (24,\n 42)
E128: a = (24,\n 42)
E129: if (a or\n b):\n pass
E131: a = (\n 42\n 24)
At least two spaces before inline comment Open
sys.exit(0) # try to force an exit
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Separate inline comments by at least two spaces.
An inline comment is a comment on the same line as a statement.
Inline comments should be separated by at least two spaces from the
statement. They should start with a # and a single space.
Each line of a block comment starts with a # and a single space
(unless it is indented text inside the comment).
Okay: x = x + 1 # Increment x
Okay: x = x + 1 # Increment x
Okay: # Block comment
E261: x = x + 1 # Increment x
E262: x = x + 1 #Increment x
E262: x = x + 1 # Increment x
E265: #Block comment
E266: ### Block comment
Line too long (86 > 80 characters) Open
DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/%s/s/setuptools/" % sys.version[:3]
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Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Module level import not at top of file Open
import sys, os
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Place imports at the top of the file.
Always put imports at the top of the file, just after any module
comments and docstrings, and before module globals and constants.
Okay: import os
Okay: # this is a comment\nimport os
Okay: '''this is a module docstring'''\nimport os
Okay: r'''this is a module docstring'''\nimport os
Okay:
try:\n\timport x\nexcept ImportError:\n\tpass\nelse:\n\tpass\nimport y
Okay:
try:\n\timport x\nexcept ImportError:\n\tpass\nfinally:\n\tpass\nimport y
E402: a=1\nimport os
E402: 'One string'\n"Two string"\nimport os
E402: a=1\nfrom sys import x
Okay: if x:\n import os
Continuation line missing indentation or outdented Open
"\n\n(Currently using %r)"
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Continuation lines indentation.
Continuation lines should align wrapped elements either vertically
using Python's implicit line joining inside parentheses, brackets
and braces, or using a hanging indent.
When using a hanging indent these considerations should be applied:
- there should be no arguments on the first line, and
- further indentation should be used to clearly distinguish itself
as a continuation line.
Okay: a = (\n)
E123: a = (\n )
Okay: a = (\n 42)
E121: a = (\n 42)
E122: a = (\n42)
E123: a = (\n 42\n )
E124: a = (24,\n 42\n)
E125: if (\n b):\n pass
E126: a = (\n 42)
E127: a = (24,\n 42)
E128: a = (24,\n 42)
E129: if (a or\n b):\n pass
E131: a = (\n 42\n 24)
Line too long (81 > 80 characters) Open
"You have an obsolete version of setuptools installed. Please\n"
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Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Line too long (81 > 80 characters) Open
egg = download_setuptools(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
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Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
Missing whitespace around arithmetic operator Open
pkg_resources.require("setuptools>="+version); return
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Surround operators with a single space on either side.
- Always surround these binary operators with a single space on
either side: assignment (=), augmented assignment (+=, -= etc.),
comparisons (==, <, >, !=, <=, >=, in, not in, is, is not),
Booleans (and, or, not).
- If operators with different priorities are used, consider adding
whitespace around the operators with the lowest priorities.
Okay: i = i + 1
Okay: submitted += 1
Okay: x = x * 2 - 1
Okay: hypot2 = x * x + y * y
Okay: c = (a + b) * (a - b)
Okay: foo(bar, key='word', *args, **kwargs)
Okay: alpha[:-i]
E225: i=i+1
E225: submitted +=1
E225: x = x /2 - 1
E225: z = x **y
E225: z = 1and 1
E226: c = (a+b) * (a-b)
E226: hypot2 = x*x + y*y
E227: c = a|b
E228: msg = fmt%(errno, errmsg)
Continuation line missing indentation or outdented Open
"The required version of setuptools (>=%s) is not available, and\n"
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Continuation lines indentation.
Continuation lines should align wrapped elements either vertically
using Python's implicit line joining inside parentheses, brackets
and braces, or using a hanging indent.
When using a hanging indent these considerations should be applied:
- there should be no arguments on the first line, and
- further indentation should be used to clearly distinguish itself
as a continuation line.
Okay: a = (\n)
E123: a = (\n )
Okay: a = (\n 42)
E121: a = (\n 42)
E122: a = (\n42)
E123: a = (\n 42\n )
E124: a = (24,\n 42\n)
E125: if (\n b):\n pass
E126: a = (\n 42)
E127: a = (24,\n 42)
E128: a = (24,\n 42)
E129: if (a or\n b):\n pass
E131: a = (\n 42\n 24)
Continuation line missing indentation or outdented Open
"can't be installed while this script is running. Please install\n"
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Continuation lines indentation.
Continuation lines should align wrapped elements either vertically
using Python's implicit line joining inside parentheses, brackets
and braces, or using a hanging indent.
When using a hanging indent these considerations should be applied:
- there should be no arguments on the first line, and
- further indentation should be used to clearly distinguish itself
as a continuation line.
Okay: a = (\n)
E123: a = (\n )
Okay: a = (\n 42)
E121: a = (\n 42)
E122: a = (\n42)
E123: a = (\n 42\n )
E124: a = (24,\n 42\n)
E125: if (\n b):\n pass
E126: a = (\n 42)
E127: a = (24,\n 42)
E128: a = (24,\n 42)
E129: if (a or\n b):\n pass
E131: a = (\n 42\n 24)
Continuation line under-indented for visual indent Open
version, download_base, delay, url
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Continuation lines indentation.
Continuation lines should align wrapped elements either vertically
using Python's implicit line joining inside parentheses, brackets
and braces, or using a hanging indent.
When using a hanging indent these considerations should be applied:
- there should be no arguments on the first line, and
- further indentation should be used to clearly distinguish itself
as a continuation line.
Okay: a = (\n)
E123: a = (\n )
Okay: a = (\n 42)
E121: a = (\n 42)
E122: a = (\n42)
E123: a = (\n 42\n )
E124: a = (24,\n 42\n)
E125: if (\n b):\n pass
E126: a = (\n 42)
E127: a = (24,\n 42)
E128: a = (24,\n 42)
E129: if (a or\n b):\n pass
E131: a = (\n 42\n 24)
Missing whitespace around operator Open
if __name__=='__main__':
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Surround operators with a single space on either side.
- Always surround these binary operators with a single space on
either side: assignment (=), augmented assignment (+=, -= etc.),
comparisons (==, <, >, !=, <=, >=, in, not in, is, is not),
Booleans (and, or, not).
- If operators with different priorities are used, consider adding
whitespace around the operators with the lowest priorities.
Okay: i = i + 1
Okay: submitted += 1
Okay: x = x * 2 - 1
Okay: hypot2 = x * x + y * y
Okay: c = (a + b) * (a - b)
Okay: foo(bar, key='word', *args, **kwargs)
Okay: alpha[:-i]
E225: i=i+1
E225: submitted +=1
E225: x = x /2 - 1
E225: z = x **y
E225: z = 1and 1
E226: c = (a+b) * (a-b)
E226: hypot2 = x*x + y*y
E227: c = a|b
E228: msg = fmt%(errno, errmsg)
Missing whitespace after ',' Open
f = open(srcfile,'w')
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Each comma, semicolon or colon should be followed by whitespace.
Okay: [a, b]
Okay: (3,)
Okay: a[1:4]
Okay: a[:4]
Okay: a[1:]
Okay: a[1:4:2]
E231: ['a','b']
E231: foo(bar,baz)
E231: [{'a':'b'}]