enforce a maximum line length (max-len)

Very long lines of code in any language can be difficult to read. In order to aid in readability and maintainability many coders have developed a convention to limit lines of code to X number of characters (traditionally 80 characters).

var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }, "difficult": "to read" }; // very long

Rule Details

This rule enforces a maximum line length to increase code readability and maintainability. The length of a line is defined as the number of Unicode characters in the line.

Options

This rule has a number or object option:

• "code" (default 80) enforces a maximum line length
• "tabWidth" (default 4) specifies the character width for tab characters
• "comments" enforces a maximum line length for comments; defaults to value of code
• "ignorePattern" ignores lines matching a regular expression; can only match a single line and need to be double escaped when written in YAML or JSON
• "ignoreComments": true ignores all trailing comments and comments on their own line
• "ignoreTrailingComments": true ignores only trailing comments
• "ignoreUrls": true ignores lines that contain a URL
• "ignoreStrings": true ignores lines that contain a double-quoted or single-quoted string
• "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true ignores lines that contain a template literal
• "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true ignores lines that contain a RegExp literal

code

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default { "code": 80 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80]*/

var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }, "difficult": "to read" };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default { "code": 80 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80]*/

var foo = {
  "bar": "This is a bar.",
  "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" },
  "easier": "to read"
};

tabWidth

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default { "tabWidth": 4 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80, 4]*/

\t  \t  var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" } };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default { "tabWidth": 4 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80, 4]*/

\t  \t  var foo = {
\t  \t  \t  \t  "bar": "This is a bar.",
\t  \t  \t  \t  "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }
\t  \t  };

comments

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the { "comments": 65 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "comments": 65 }]*/

/**
 * This is a comment that violates the maximum line length we have specified
**/

ignoreComments

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreComments": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreComments": true }]*/

/**
 * This is a really really really really really really really really really long comment
**/

ignoreTrailingComments

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreTrailingComments": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreTrailingComments": true }]*/

var foo = 'bar'; // This is a really really really really really really really long comment

ignoreUrls

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreUrls": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreUrls": true }]*/

var url = 'https://www.example.com/really/really/really/really/really/really/really/long';

ignoreStrings

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreStrings": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreStrings": true }]*/

var longString = 'this is a really really really really really long string!';

ignoreTemplateLiterals

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var longTemplateLiteral = `this is a really really really really really long template literal!`;

ignoreRegExpLiterals

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true }]*/

var longRegExpLiteral = /this is a really really really really really long regular expression!/;

ignorePattern

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignorePattern": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignorePattern": "^\\s*var\\s.+=\\s*require\\s*\\(/" }]*/

var dep = require('really/really/really/really/really/really/really/really/long/module');

Related Rules

• [complexity](complexity.md)
• [max-depth](max-depth.md)
• [max-nested-callbacks](max-nested-callbacks.md)
• [max-params](max-params.md)
• [max-statements](max-statements.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce a maximum line length (max-len)

Very long lines of code in any language can be difficult to read. In order to aid in readability and maintainability many coders have developed a convention to limit lines of code to X number of characters (traditionally 80 characters).

var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }, "difficult": "to read" }; // very long

Rule Details

This rule enforces a maximum line length to increase code readability and maintainability. The length of a line is defined as the number of Unicode characters in the line.

Options

This rule has a number or object option:

• "code" (default 80) enforces a maximum line length
• "tabWidth" (default 4) specifies the character width for tab characters
• "comments" enforces a maximum line length for comments; defaults to value of code
• "ignorePattern" ignores lines matching a regular expression; can only match a single line and need to be double escaped when written in YAML or JSON
• "ignoreComments": true ignores all trailing comments and comments on their own line
• "ignoreTrailingComments": true ignores only trailing comments
• "ignoreUrls": true ignores lines that contain a URL
• "ignoreStrings": true ignores lines that contain a double-quoted or single-quoted string
• "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true ignores lines that contain a template literal
• "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true ignores lines that contain a RegExp literal

code

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default { "code": 80 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80]*/

var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }, "difficult": "to read" };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default { "code": 80 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80]*/

var foo = {
  "bar": "This is a bar.",
  "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" },
  "easier": "to read"
};

tabWidth

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default { "tabWidth": 4 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80, 4]*/

\t  \t  var foo = { "bar": "This is a bar.", "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" } };

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default { "tabWidth": 4 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", 80, 4]*/

\t  \t  var foo = {
\t  \t  \t  \t  "bar": "This is a bar.",
\t  \t  \t  \t  "baz": { "qux": "This is a qux" }
\t  \t  };

comments

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the { "comments": 65 } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "comments": 65 }]*/

/**
 * This is a comment that violates the maximum line length we have specified
**/

ignoreComments

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreComments": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreComments": true }]*/

/**
 * This is a really really really really really really really really really long comment
**/

ignoreTrailingComments

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreTrailingComments": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreTrailingComments": true }]*/

var foo = 'bar'; // This is a really really really really really really really long comment

ignoreUrls

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreUrls": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreUrls": true }]*/

var url = 'https://www.example.com/really/really/really/really/really/really/really/long';

ignoreStrings

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreStrings": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreStrings": true }]*/

var longString = 'this is a really really really really really long string!';

ignoreTemplateLiterals

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var longTemplateLiteral = `this is a really really really really really long template literal!`;

ignoreRegExpLiterals

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true }]*/

var longRegExpLiteral = /this is a really really really really really long regular expression!/;

ignorePattern

Examples of correct code for this rule with the { "ignorePattern": true } option:

/*eslint max-len: ["error", { "ignorePattern": "^\\s*var\\s.+=\\s*require\\s*\\(/" }]*/

var dep = require('really/really/really/really/really/really/really/really/long/module');

Related Rules

• [complexity](complexity.md)
• [max-depth](max-depth.md)
• [max-nested-callbacks](max-nested-callbacks.md)
• [max-params](max-params.md)
• [max-statements](max-statements.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require or disallow a space before function parenthesis (space-before-function-paren)

When formatting a function, whitespace is allowed between the function name or function keyword and the opening paren. Named functions also require a space between the function keyword and the function name, but anonymous functions require no whitespace. For example:

function withoutSpace(x) {
    // ...
}

function withSpace (x) {
    // ...
}

var anonymousWithoutSpace = function() {};

var anonymousWithSpace = function () {};

Style guides may require a space after the function keyword for anonymous functions, while others specify no whitespace. Similarly, the space after a function name may or may not be required.

Rule Details

This rule aims to enforce consistent spacing before function parentheses and as such, will warn whenever whitespace doesn't match the preferences specified.

Options

This rule has a string option or an object option:

{
    "space-before-function-paren": ["error", "always"],
    // or
    "space-before-function-paren": ["error", {
        "anonymous": "always",
        "named": "always",
        "asyncArrow": "ignore"
    }],
}

• always (default) requires a space followed by the ( of arguments.
• never disallows any space followed by the ( of arguments.

The string option does not check async arrow function expressions for backward compatibility.

You can also use a separate option for each type of function. Each of the following options can be set to "always", "never", or "ignore". Default is "always" basically.

• anonymous is for anonymous function expressions (e.g. function () {}).
• named is for named function expressions (e.g. function foo () {}).
• asyncArrow is for async arrow function expressions (e.g. async () => {}). asyncArrow is set to "ignore" by default for backwards compatibility.

"always"

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

// async arrow function expressions are ignored by default.
var foo = async () => 1
var foo = async() => 1

"never"

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", "never"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", "never"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

// async arrow function expressions are ignored by default.
var foo = async () => 1
var foo = async() => 1

{"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

var foo = async(a) => await a

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

var foo = async (a) => await a

{"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "never", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "never", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

{"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

function foo () {
    // ...
}

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

When Not To Use It

You can turn this rule off if you are not concerned with the consistency of spacing before function parenthesis.

Related Rules

• [space-after-keywords](space-after-keywords.md)
• [space-return-throw-case](space-return-throw-case.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require Object Literal Shorthand Syntax (object-shorthand)

EcmaScript 6 provides a concise form for defining object literal methods and properties. This syntax can make defining complex object literals much cleaner.

Here are a few common examples using the ES5 syntax:

// properties
var foo = {
    x: x,
    y: y,
    z: z,
};

// methods
var foo = {
    a: function() {},
    b: function() {}
};

Now here are ES6 equivalents:

/*eslint-env es6*/

// properties
var foo = {x, y, z};

// methods
var foo = {
    a() {},
    b() {}
};

Rule Details

This rule enforces the use of the shorthand syntax. This applies to all methods (including generators) defined in object literals and any properties defined where the key name matches name of the assigned variable.

Each of the following properties would warn:

/*eslint object-shorthand: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    w: function() {},
    x: function *() {},
    [y]: function() {},
    z: z
};

In that case the expected syntax would have been:

/*eslint object-shorthand: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    w() {},
    *x() {},
    [y]() {},
    z
};

This rule does not flag arrow functions inside of object literals. The following will not warn:

/*eslint object-shorthand: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    x: (y) => y
};

Options

The rule takes an option which specifies when it should be applied. It can be set to one of the following values:

• "always" (default) expects that the shorthand will be used whenever possible.
• "methods" ensures the method shorthand is used (also applies to generators).
• "properties" ensures the property shorthand is used (where the key and variable name match).
• "never" ensures that no property or method shorthand is used in any object literal.
• "consistent" ensures that either all shorthand or all longform will be used in an object literal.
• "consistent-as-needed" ensures that either all shorthand or all longform will be used in an object literal, but ensures all shorthand whenever possible.

You can set the option in configuration like this:

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always"]
}

Additionally, the rule takes an optional object configuration:

• "avoidQuotes": true indicates that longform syntax is preferred whenever the object key is a string literal (default: false). Note that this option can only be enabled when the string option is set to "always", "methods", or "properties".
• "ignoreConstructors": true can be used to prevent the rule from reporting errors for constructor functions. (By default, the rule treats constructors the same way as other functions.) Note that this option can only be enabled when the string option is set to "always" or "methods".
• "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true indicates that methods are preferred over explicit-return arrow functions for function properties. (By default, the rule allows either of these.) Note that this option can only be enabled when the string option is set to "always" or "methods".

avoidQuotes

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", { "avoidQuotes": true }]
}

Example of incorrect code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidQuotes": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidQuotes": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    "bar-baz"() {}
};

Example of correct code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidQuotes": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidQuotes": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    "bar-baz": function() {},
    "qux": qux
};

ignoreConstructors

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", { "ignoreConstructors": true }]
}

Example of correct code for this rule with the "always", { "ignoreConstructors": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "ignoreConstructors": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    ConstructorFunction: function() {}
};

avoidExplicitReturnArrows

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true }]
}

Example of incorrect code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
  foo: (bar, baz) => {
    return bar + baz;
  },

  qux: (foobar) => {
    return foobar * 2;
  }
};

Example of correct code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
  foo(bar, baz) {
    return bar + baz;
  },

  qux: foobar => foobar * 2
};

Example of incorrect code for this rule with the "consistent" option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: [2, "consistent"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    a,
    b: "foo",
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "consistent" option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: [2, "consistent"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    a: a,
    b: "foo"
};

var bar = {
    a,
    b,
};

Example of incorrect code with the "consistent-as-needed" option, which is very similar to "consistent":

/*eslint object-shorthand: [2, "consistent-as-needed"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    a: a,
    b: b,
};

When Not To Use It

Anyone not yet in an ES6 environment would not want to apply this rule. Others may find the terseness of the shorthand syntax harder to read and may not want to encourage it with this rule.

Further Reading

Object initializer - MDN Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require Object Literal Shorthand Syntax (object-shorthand)

EcmaScript 6 provides a concise form for defining object literal methods and properties. This syntax can make defining complex object literals much cleaner.

Here are a few common examples using the ES5 syntax:

// properties
var foo = {
    x: x,
    y: y,
    z: z,
};

// methods
var foo = {
    a: function() {},
    b: function() {}
};

Now here are ES6 equivalents:

/*eslint-env es6*/

// properties
var foo = {x, y, z};

// methods
var foo = {
    a() {},
    b() {}
};

Rule Details

This rule enforces the use of the shorthand syntax. This applies to all methods (including generators) defined in object literals and any properties defined where the key name matches name of the assigned variable.

Each of the following properties would warn:

/*eslint object-shorthand: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    w: function() {},
    x: function *() {},
    [y]: function() {},
    z: z
};

In that case the expected syntax would have been:

/*eslint object-shorthand: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    w() {},
    *x() {},
    [y]() {},
    z
};

This rule does not flag arrow functions inside of object literals. The following will not warn:

/*eslint object-shorthand: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    x: (y) => y
};

Options

The rule takes an option which specifies when it should be applied. It can be set to one of the following values:

• "always" (default) expects that the shorthand will be used whenever possible.
• "methods" ensures the method shorthand is used (also applies to generators).
• "properties" ensures the property shorthand is used (where the key and variable name match).
• "never" ensures that no property or method shorthand is used in any object literal.
• "consistent" ensures that either all shorthand or all longform will be used in an object literal.
• "consistent-as-needed" ensures that either all shorthand or all longform will be used in an object literal, but ensures all shorthand whenever possible.

You can set the option in configuration like this:

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always"]
}

Additionally, the rule takes an optional object configuration:

• "avoidQuotes": true indicates that longform syntax is preferred whenever the object key is a string literal (default: false). Note that this option can only be enabled when the string option is set to "always", "methods", or "properties".
• "ignoreConstructors": true can be used to prevent the rule from reporting errors for constructor functions. (By default, the rule treats constructors the same way as other functions.) Note that this option can only be enabled when the string option is set to "always" or "methods".
• "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true indicates that methods are preferred over explicit-return arrow functions for function properties. (By default, the rule allows either of these.) Note that this option can only be enabled when the string option is set to "always" or "methods".

avoidQuotes

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", { "avoidQuotes": true }]
}

Example of incorrect code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidQuotes": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidQuotes": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    "bar-baz"() {}
};

Example of correct code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidQuotes": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidQuotes": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    "bar-baz": function() {},
    "qux": qux
};

ignoreConstructors

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", { "ignoreConstructors": true }]
}

Example of correct code for this rule with the "always", { "ignoreConstructors": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "ignoreConstructors": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    ConstructorFunction: function() {}
};

avoidExplicitReturnArrows

{
    "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true }]
}

Example of incorrect code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
  foo: (bar, baz) => {
    return bar + baz;
  },

  qux: (foobar) => {
    return foobar * 2;
  }
};

Example of correct code for this rule with the "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true } option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: ["error", "always", { "avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
  foo(bar, baz) {
    return bar + baz;
  },

  qux: foobar => foobar * 2
};

Example of incorrect code for this rule with the "consistent" option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: [2, "consistent"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    a,
    b: "foo",
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "consistent" option:

/*eslint object-shorthand: [2, "consistent"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    a: a,
    b: "foo"
};

var bar = {
    a,
    b,
};

Example of incorrect code with the "consistent-as-needed" option, which is very similar to "consistent":

/*eslint object-shorthand: [2, "consistent-as-needed"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var foo = {
    a: a,
    b: b,
};

When Not To Use It

Anyone not yet in an ES6 environment would not want to apply this rule. Others may find the terseness of the shorthand syntax harder to read and may not want to encourage it with this rule.

Further Reading

Object initializer - MDN Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Enforce require() on the top-level module scope (global-require)

In Node.js, module dependencies are included using the require() function, such as:

var fs = require("fs");

While require() may be called anywhere in code, some style guides prescribe that it should be called only in the top level of a module to make it easier to identify dependencies. For instance, it's arguably harder to identify dependencies when they are deeply nested inside of functions and other statements:

function foo() {

    if (condition) {
        var fs = require("fs");
    }
}

Since require() does a synchronous load, it can cause performance problems when used in other locations.

Further, ES6 modules mandate that import and export statements can only occur in the top level of the module's body.

Rule Details

This rule requires all calls to require() to be at the top level of the module, similar to ES6 import and export statements, which also can occur only at the top level.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint global-require: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

// calling require() inside of a function is not allowed
function readFile(filename, callback) {
    var fs = require('fs');
    fs.readFile(filename, callback)
}

// conditional requires like this are also not allowed
if (DEBUG) { require('debug'); }

// a require() in a switch statement is also flagged
switch(x) { case '1': require('1'); break; }

// you may not require() inside an arrow function body
var getModule = (name) => require(name);

// you may not require() inside of a function body as well
function getModule(name) { return require(name); }

// you may not require() inside of a try/catch block
try {
    require(unsafeModule);
} catch(e) {
    console.log(e);
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint global-require: "error"*/

// all these variations of require() are ok
require('x');
var y = require('y');
var z;
z = require('z').initialize();

// requiring a module and using it in a function is ok
var fs = require('fs');
function readFile(filename, callback) {
    fs.readFile(filename, callback)
}

// you can use a ternary to determine which module to require
var logger = DEBUG ? require('dev-logger') : require('logger');

// if you want you can require() at the end of your module
function doSomethingA() {}
function doSomethingB() {}
var x = require("x"),
    z = require("z");

When Not To Use It

If you have a module that must be initialized with information that comes from the file-system or if a module is only used in very rare situations and will cause significant overhead to load it may make sense to disable the rule. If you need to require() an optional dependency inside of a try/catch, you can disable this rule for just that dependency using the // eslint-disable-line global-require comment. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require or disallow named function expressions (func-names)

A pattern that's becoming more common is to give function expressions names to aid in debugging. For example:

Foo.prototype.bar = function bar() {};

Adding the second bar in the above example is optional. If you leave off the function name then when the function throws an exception you are likely to get something similar to anonymous function in the stack trace. If you provide the optional name for a function expression then you will get the name of the function expression in the stack trace.

Rule Details

This rule can enforce or disallow the use of named function expressions.

Options

This rule has a string option:

• "always" (default) requires function expressions to have a name
• "as-needed" requires function expressions to have a name, if the name cannot be assigned automatically in an ES6 environment
• "never" disallows named function expressions, except in recursive functions, where a name is needed

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "always"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function() {};

(function() {
    // ...
}())

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "always"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function bar() {};

(function bar() {
    // ...
}())

as-needed

ECMAScript 6 introduced a name property on all functions. The value of name is determined by evaluating the code around the function to see if a name can be inferred. For example, a function assigned to a variable will automatically have a name property equal to the name of the variable. The value of name is then used in stack traces for easier debugging.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "as-needed" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "as-needed"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function() {};

(function() {
    // ...
}())

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "as-needed" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "as-needed"]*/

var bar = function() {};

(function bar() {
    // ...
}())

never

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "never"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function bar() {};

(function bar() {
    // ...
}())

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "never"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function() {};

(function() {
    // ...
}())

Further Reading

• Functions Explained
• Function Names in ES6

Compatibility

• JSCS: requireAnonymousFunctions
• JSCS: disallowAnonymousFunctions Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require or disallow a space before function parenthesis (space-before-function-paren)

When formatting a function, whitespace is allowed between the function name or function keyword and the opening paren. Named functions also require a space between the function keyword and the function name, but anonymous functions require no whitespace. For example:

function withoutSpace(x) {
    // ...
}

function withSpace (x) {
    // ...
}

var anonymousWithoutSpace = function() {};

var anonymousWithSpace = function () {};

Style guides may require a space after the function keyword for anonymous functions, while others specify no whitespace. Similarly, the space after a function name may or may not be required.

Rule Details

This rule aims to enforce consistent spacing before function parentheses and as such, will warn whenever whitespace doesn't match the preferences specified.

Options

This rule has a string option or an object option:

{
    "space-before-function-paren": ["error", "always"],
    // or
    "space-before-function-paren": ["error", {
        "anonymous": "always",
        "named": "always",
        "asyncArrow": "ignore"
    }],
}

• always (default) requires a space followed by the ( of arguments.
• never disallows any space followed by the ( of arguments.

The string option does not check async arrow function expressions for backward compatibility.

You can also use a separate option for each type of function. Each of the following options can be set to "always", "never", or "ignore". Default is "always" basically.

• anonymous is for anonymous function expressions (e.g. function () {}).
• named is for named function expressions (e.g. function foo () {}).
• asyncArrow is for async arrow function expressions (e.g. async () => {}). asyncArrow is set to "ignore" by default for backwards compatibility.

"always"

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

// async arrow function expressions are ignored by default.
var foo = async () => 1
var foo = async() => 1

"never"

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", "never"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", "never"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

// async arrow function expressions are ignored by default.
var foo = async () => 1
var foo = async() => 1

{"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

var foo = async(a) => await a

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

var foo = async (a) => await a

{"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "never", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "never", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

{"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

function foo () {
    // ...
}

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

When Not To Use It

You can turn this rule off if you are not concerned with the consistency of spacing before function parenthesis.

Related Rules

• [space-after-keywords](space-after-keywords.md)
• [space-return-throw-case](space-return-throw-case.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Enforce require() on the top-level module scope (global-require)

In Node.js, module dependencies are included using the require() function, such as:

var fs = require("fs");

While require() may be called anywhere in code, some style guides prescribe that it should be called only in the top level of a module to make it easier to identify dependencies. For instance, it's arguably harder to identify dependencies when they are deeply nested inside of functions and other statements:

function foo() {

    if (condition) {
        var fs = require("fs");
    }
}

Since require() does a synchronous load, it can cause performance problems when used in other locations.

Further, ES6 modules mandate that import and export statements can only occur in the top level of the module's body.

Rule Details

This rule requires all calls to require() to be at the top level of the module, similar to ES6 import and export statements, which also can occur only at the top level.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint global-require: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

// calling require() inside of a function is not allowed
function readFile(filename, callback) {
    var fs = require('fs');
    fs.readFile(filename, callback)
}

// conditional requires like this are also not allowed
if (DEBUG) { require('debug'); }

// a require() in a switch statement is also flagged
switch(x) { case '1': require('1'); break; }

// you may not require() inside an arrow function body
var getModule = (name) => require(name);

// you may not require() inside of a function body as well
function getModule(name) { return require(name); }

// you may not require() inside of a try/catch block
try {
    require(unsafeModule);
} catch(e) {
    console.log(e);
}

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint global-require: "error"*/

// all these variations of require() are ok
require('x');
var y = require('y');
var z;
z = require('z').initialize();

// requiring a module and using it in a function is ok
var fs = require('fs');
function readFile(filename, callback) {
    fs.readFile(filename, callback)
}

// you can use a ternary to determine which module to require
var logger = DEBUG ? require('dev-logger') : require('logger');

// if you want you can require() at the end of your module
function doSomethingA() {}
function doSomethingB() {}
var x = require("x"),
    z = require("z");

When Not To Use It

If you have a module that must be initialized with information that comes from the file-system or if a module is only used in very rare situations and will cause significant overhead to load it may make sense to disable the rule. If you need to require() an optional dependency inside of a try/catch, you can disable this rule for just that dependency using the // eslint-disable-line global-require comment. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require or disallow named function expressions (func-names)

A pattern that's becoming more common is to give function expressions names to aid in debugging. For example:

Foo.prototype.bar = function bar() {};

Adding the second bar in the above example is optional. If you leave off the function name then when the function throws an exception you are likely to get something similar to anonymous function in the stack trace. If you provide the optional name for a function expression then you will get the name of the function expression in the stack trace.

Rule Details

This rule can enforce or disallow the use of named function expressions.

Options

This rule has a string option:

• "always" (default) requires function expressions to have a name
• "as-needed" requires function expressions to have a name, if the name cannot be assigned automatically in an ES6 environment
• "never" disallows named function expressions, except in recursive functions, where a name is needed

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "always"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function() {};

(function() {
    // ...
}())

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "always"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function bar() {};

(function bar() {
    // ...
}())

as-needed

ECMAScript 6 introduced a name property on all functions. The value of name is determined by evaluating the code around the function to see if a name can be inferred. For example, a function assigned to a variable will automatically have a name property equal to the name of the variable. The value of name is then used in stack traces for easier debugging.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "as-needed" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "as-needed"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function() {};

(function() {
    // ...
}())

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "as-needed" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "as-needed"]*/

var bar = function() {};

(function bar() {
    // ...
}())

never

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "never"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function bar() {};

(function bar() {
    // ...
}())

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint func-names: ["error", "never"]*/

Foo.prototype.bar = function() {};

(function() {
    // ...
}())

Further Reading

• Functions Explained
• Function Names in ES6

Compatibility

• JSCS: requireAnonymousFunctions
• JSCS: disallowAnonymousFunctions Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require parens in arrow function arguments (arrow-parens)

Arrow functions can omit parentheses when they have exactly one parameter. In all other cases the parameter(s) must be wrapped in parentheses. This rule enforces the consistent use of parentheses in arrow functions.

Rule Details

This rule enforces parentheses around arrow function parameters regardless of arity. For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

// Bad
a => {}

// Good
(a) => {}

Following this style will help you find arrow functions (=>) which may be mistakenly included in a condition when a comparison such as >= was the intent.

/*eslint-env es6*/

// Bad
if (a => 2) {
}

// Good
if (a >= 2) {
}

The rule can also be configured to discourage the use of parens when they are not required:

/*eslint-env es6*/

// Bad
(a) => {}

// Good
a => {}

Options

This rule has a string option and an object one.

String options are:

• "always" (default) requires parens around arguments in all cases.
• "as-needed" allows omitting parens when there is only one argument.

Object properties for variants of the "as-needed" option:

• "requireForBlockBody": true modifies the as-needed rule in order to require parens if the function body is in an instructions block (surrounded by braces).

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint arrow-parens: ["error", "always"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

a => {};
a => a;
a => {'\n'};
a.then(foo => {});
a.then(foo => a);
a(foo => { if (true) {} });

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint arrow-parens: ["error", "always"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

() => {};
(a) => {};
(a) => a;
(a) => {'\n'}
a.then((foo) => {});
a.then((foo) => { if (true) {} });

If Statements

One of benefits of this option is that it prevents the incorrect use of arrow functions in conditionals:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var a = 1;
var b = 2;
// ...
if (a => b) {
 console.log('bigger');
} else {
 console.log('smaller');
}
// outputs 'bigger', not smaller as expected

The contents of the if statement is an arrow function, not a comparison.

If the arrow function is intentional, it should be wrapped in parens to remove ambiguity.

/*eslint-env es6*/

var a = 1;
var b = 0;
// ...
if ((a) => b) {
 console.log('truthy value returned');
} else {
 console.log('falsey value returned');
}
// outputs 'truthy value returned'

The following is another example of this behavior:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4;
var f = a => b ? c: d;
// f = ?

f is an arrow function which takes a as an argument and returns the result of b ? c: d.

This should be rewritten like so:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4;
var f = (a) => b ? c: d;

as-needed

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "as-needed" option:

/*eslint arrow-parens: ["error", "as-needed"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

(a) => {};
(a) => a;
(a) => {'\n'};
a.then((foo) => {});
a.then((foo) => a);
a((foo) => { if (true) {} });

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "as-needed" option:

/*eslint arrow-parens: ["error", "as-needed"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

() => {};
a => {};
a => a;
a => {'\n'};
a.then(foo => {});
a.then(foo => { if (true) {} });
(a, b, c) => a;
(a = 10) => a;
([a, b]) => a;
({a, b}) => a;

requireForBlockBody

Examples of incorrect code for the { "requireForBlockBody": true } option:

/*eslint arrow-parens: [2, "as-needed", { "requireForBlockBody": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

(a) => a;
a => {};
a => {'\n'};
a.map((x) => x * x);
a.map(x => {
  return x * x;
});
a.then(foo => {});

Examples of correct code for the { "requireForBlockBody": true } option:

/*eslint arrow-parens: [2, "as-needed", { "requireForBlockBody": true }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

(a) => {};
(a) => {'\n'};
a => ({});
() => {};
a => a;
a.then((foo) => {});
a.then((foo) => { if (true) {} });
a((foo) => { if (true) {} });
(a, b, c) => a;
(a = 10) => a;
([a, b]) => a;
({a, b}) => a;

Further Reading

• The "as-needed", { "requireForBlockBody": true } rule is directly inspired by the Airbnb JS Style Guide. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Require or disallow a space before function parenthesis (space-before-function-paren)

When formatting a function, whitespace is allowed between the function name or function keyword and the opening paren. Named functions also require a space between the function keyword and the function name, but anonymous functions require no whitespace. For example:

function withoutSpace(x) {
    // ...
}

function withSpace (x) {
    // ...
}

var anonymousWithoutSpace = function() {};

var anonymousWithSpace = function () {};

Style guides may require a space after the function keyword for anonymous functions, while others specify no whitespace. Similarly, the space after a function name may or may not be required.

Rule Details

This rule aims to enforce consistent spacing before function parentheses and as such, will warn whenever whitespace doesn't match the preferences specified.

Options

This rule has a string option or an object option:

{
    "space-before-function-paren": ["error", "always"],
    // or
    "space-before-function-paren": ["error", {
        "anonymous": "always",
        "named": "always",
        "asyncArrow": "ignore"
    }],
}

• always (default) requires a space followed by the ( of arguments.
• never disallows any space followed by the ( of arguments.

The string option does not check async arrow function expressions for backward compatibility.

You can also use a separate option for each type of function. Each of the following options can be set to "always", "never", or "ignore". Default is "always" basically.

• anonymous is for anonymous function expressions (e.g. function () {}).
• named is for named function expressions (e.g. function foo () {}).
• asyncArrow is for async arrow function expressions (e.g. async () => {}). asyncArrow is set to "ignore" by default for backwards compatibility.

"always"

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

// async arrow function expressions are ignored by default.
var foo = async () => 1
var foo = async() => 1

"never"

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", "never"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "never" option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", "never"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function foo() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

// async arrow function expressions are ignored by default.
var foo = async () => 1
var foo = async() => 1

{"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

var foo = async(a) => await a

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", {"anonymous": "always", "named": "never", "asyncArrow": "always"}]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

var foo = async (a) => await a

{"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "never", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "never", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "never", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo () {
    // ...
}

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

{"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"}

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

function foo() {
    // ...
}

class Foo {
    constructor() {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar() {
        // ...
    }
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always"} option:

/*eslint space-before-function-paren: ["error", { "anonymous": "ignore", "named": "always" }]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var bar = function() {
    // ...
};

var bar = function () {
    // ...
};

function foo () {
    // ...
}

class Foo {
    constructor () {
        // ...
    }
}

var foo = {
    bar () {
        // ...
    }
};

When Not To Use It

You can turn this rule off if you are not concerned with the consistency of spacing before function parenthesis.

Related Rules

• [space-after-keywords](space-after-keywords.md)
• [space-return-throw-case](space-return-throw-case.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

Suggest using template literals instead of string concatenation. (prefer-template)

In ES2015 (ES6), we can use template literals instead of string concatenation.

var str = "Hello, " + name + "!";

/*eslint-env es6*/

var str = `Hello, ${name}!`;

Rule Details

This rule is aimed to flag usage of + operators with strings.

Examples

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint prefer-template: "error"*/

var str = "Hello, " + name + "!";
var str = "Time: " + (12 * 60 * 60 * 1000);

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint prefer-template: "error"*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var str = "Hello World!";
var str = `Hello, ${name}!`;
var str = `Time: ${12 * 60 * 60 * 1000}`;

// This is reported by `no-useless-concat`.
var str = "Hello, " + "World!";

When Not To Use It

This rule should not be used in ES3/5 environments.

In ES2015 (ES6) or later, if you don't want to be notified about string concatenation, you can safely disable this rule.

Related Rules

• [no-useless-concat](no-useless-concat.md)
• [quotes](quotes.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

require quotes around object literal property names (quote-props)

Object literal property names can be defined in two ways: using literals or using strings. For example, these two objects are equivalent:

var object1 = {
    property: true
};

var object2 = {
    "property": true
};

In many cases, it doesn't matter if you choose to use an identifier instead of a string or vice-versa. Even so, you might decide to enforce a consistent style in your code.

There are, however, some occasions when you must use quotes:

1. If you are using an ECMAScript 3 JavaScript engine (such as IE8) and you want to use a keyword (such as if) as a property name. This restriction was removed in ECMAScript 5.
2. You want to use a non-identifier character in your property name, such as having a property with a space like "one two".

Another example where quotes do matter is when using numeric literals as property keys:

var object = {
    1e2: 1,
    100: 2
};

This may look alright at first sight, but this code in fact throws a syntax error in ECMAScript 5 strict mode. This happens because 1e2 and 100 are coerced into strings before getting used as the property name. Both String(1e2) and String(100) happen to be equal to "100", which causes the "Duplicate data property in object literal not allowed in strict mode" error. Issues like that can be tricky to debug, so some prefer to require quotes around all property names.

Rule Details

This rule requires quotes around object literal property names.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "always" (default) requires quotes around all object literal property names
• "as-needed" disallows quotes around object literal property names that are not strictly required
• "consistent" enforces a consistent quote style requires quotes around object literal property names
• "consistent-as-needed" requires quotes around all object literal property names if any name strictly requires quotes, otherwise disallows quotes around object property names

Object option:

• "keywords": true requires quotes around language keywords used as object property names (only applies when using as-needed or consistent-as-needed)
• "unnecessary": true (default) disallows quotes around object literal property names that are not strictly required (only applies when using as-needed)
• "unnecessary": false allows quotes around object literal property names that are not strictly required (only applies when using as-needed)
• "numbers": true requires quotes around numbers used as object property names (only applies when using as-needed)

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "always"]*/

var object = {
    foo: "bar",
    baz: 42,
    "qux-lorem": true
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "always" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "always"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var object1 = {
    "foo": "bar",
    "baz": 42,
    "qux-lorem": true
};

var object2 = {
    'foo': 'bar',
    'baz': 42,
    'qux-lorem': true
};

var object3 = {
    foo() {
        return;
    }
};

as-needed

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "as-needed" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "as-needed"]*/

var object = {
    "a": 0,
    "0": 0,
    "true": 0,
    "null": 0
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "as-needed" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "as-needed"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var object1 = {
    "a-b": 0,
    "0x0": 0,
    "1e2": 0
};

var object2 = {
    foo: 'bar',
    baz: 42,
    true: 0,
    0: 0,
    'qux-lorem': true
};

var object3 = {
    foo() {
        return;
    }
};

consistent

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "consistent" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "consistent"]*/

var object1 = {
    foo: "bar",
    "baz": 42,
    "qux-lorem": true
};

var object2 = {
    'foo': 'bar',
    baz: 42
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "consistent" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "consistent"]*/

var object1 = {
    "foo": "bar",
    "baz": 42,
    "qux-lorem": true
};

var object2 = {
    'foo': 'bar',
    'baz': 42
};

var object3 = {
    foo: 'bar',
    baz: 42
};

consistent-as-needed

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "consistent-as-needed" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "consistent-as-needed"]*/

var object1 = {
    foo: "bar",
    "baz": 42,
    "qux-lorem": true
};

var object2 = {
    'foo': 'bar',
    'baz': 42
};

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "consistent-as-needed" option:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "consistent-as-needed"]*/

var object1 = {
    "foo": "bar",
    "baz": 42,
    "qux-lorem": true
};

var object2 = {
    foo: 'bar',
    baz: 42
};

keywords

Examples of additional incorrect code for this rule with the "as-needed", { "keywords": true } options:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "as-needed", { "keywords": true }]*/

var x = {
    while: 1,
    volatile: "foo"
};

Examples of additional incorrect code for this rule with the "consistent-as-needed", { "keywords": true } options:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "consistent-as-needed", { "keywords": true }]*/

var x = {
    "prop": 1,
    "bar": "foo"
};

unnecessary

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "as-needed", { "unnecessary": false } options:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "as-needed", { "keywords": true, "unnecessary": false }]*/

var x = {
    "while": 1,
    "foo": "bar"  // Would normally have caused a warning
};

numbers

Examples of additional incorrect code for this rule with the "as-needed", { "numbers": true } options:

/*eslint quote-props: ["error", "as-needed", { "numbers": true }]*/

var x = {
    100: 1
}

When Not To Use It

If you don't care if property names are consistently wrapped in quotes or not, and you don't target legacy ES3 environments, turn this rule off.

Further Reading

• Reserved words as property names
• Unquoted property names / object keys in JavaScript Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

enforce the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes (quotes)

JavaScript allows you to define strings in one of three ways: double quotes, single quotes, and backticks (as of ECMAScript 6). For example:

/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var single = 'single';
var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only

Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).

Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.

Rule Details

This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.

Options

This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.

String option:

• "double" (default) requires the use of double quotes wherever possible
• "single" requires the use of single quotes wherever possible
• "backtick" requires the use of backticks wherever possible

Object option:

• "avoidEscape": true allows strings to use single-quotes or double-quotes so long as the string contains a quote that would have to be escaped otherwise
• "allowTemplateLiterals": true allows strings to use backticks

Deprecated: The object property avoid-escape is deprecated; please use the object property avoidEscape instead.

double

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/

var single = 'single';
var unescaped = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "double" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var double = "double";
var backtick = `back\ntick`;  // backticks are allowed due to newline
var backtick = tag`backtick`; // backticks are allowed due to tag

single

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/

var double = "double";
var unescaped = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "single" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var single = 'single';
var backtick = `back${x}tick`; // backticks are allowed due to substitution

backticks

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/

var single = 'single';
var double = "double";
var unescaped = 'a string containing `backticks`';

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "backtick" option:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
/*eslint-env es6*/

var backtick = `backtick`;

avoidEscape

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var single = 'a string containing "double" quotes';

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing 'single' quotes";

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick", { "avoidEscape": true }]*/

var double = "a string containing `backtick` quotes"

allowTemplateLiterals

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "double", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var double = "double";
var double = `double`;

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with the "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true } options:

/*eslint quotes: ["error", "single", { "allowTemplateLiterals": true }]*/

var single = 'single';
var single = `single`;

When Not To Use It

If you do not need consistency in your string styles, you can safely disable this rule. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

require or disallow trailing commas (comma-dangle)

Trailing commas in object literals are valid according to the ECMAScript 5 (and ECMAScript 3!) spec. However, IE8 (when not in IE8 document mode) and below will throw an error when it encounters trailing commas in JavaScript.

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

Trailing commas simplify adding and removing items to objects and arrays, since only the lines you are modifying must be touched. Another argument in favor of trailing commas is that it improves the clarity of diffs when an item is added or removed from an object or array:

Less clear:

var foo = {
-    bar: "baz",
-    qux: "quux"
+    bar: "baz"
 };

More clear:

var foo = {
     bar: "baz",
-    qux: "quux",
 };

Rule Details

This rule enforces consistent use of trailing commas in object and array literals.

Options

This rule has a string option or an object option:

{
    "comma-dangle": ["error", "never"],
    // or
    "comma-dangle": ["error", {
        "arrays": "never",
        "objects": "never",
        "imports": "never",
        "exports": "never",
        "functions": "ignore",
    }]
}

• "never" (default) disallows trailing commas
• "always" requires trailing commas
• "always-multiline" requires trailing commas when the last element or property is in a different line than the closing ] or } and disallows trailing commas when the last element or property is on the same line as the closing ] or }
• "only-multiline" allows (but does not require) trailing commas when the last element or property is in a different line than the closing ] or } and disallows trailing commas when the last element or property is on the same line as the closing ] or }

Trailing commas in function declarations and function calls are valid syntax since ECMAScript 2017; however, the string option does not check these situations for backwards compatibility.

You can also use an object option to configure this rule for each type of syntax. Each of the following options can be set to "never", "always", "always-multiline", "only-multiline", or "ignore". The default for each option is "never" unless otherwise specified.

• arrays is for array literals and array patterns of destructuring. (e.g. let [a,] = [1,];)
• objects is for object literals and object patterns of destructuring. (e.g. let {a,} = {a: 1};)
• imports is for import declarations of ES Modules. (e.g. import {a,} from "foo";)
• exports is for export declarations of ES Modules. (e.g. export {a,};)
• functions is for function declarations and function calls. (e.g. (function(a,){ })(b,);)
  functions is set to "ignore" by default for consistency with the string option.

never

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "never" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "never"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var arr = [1,2,];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "never" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "never"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var arr = [1,2];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var arr = [1,2];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var arr = [1,2,];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

always-multiline

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var foo = { bar: "baz", qux: "quux", };

var arr = [1,2,];

var arr = [1,
    2,];

var arr = [
    1,
    2
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var foo = {bar: "baz", qux: "quux"};
var arr = [1,2];

var arr = [1,
    2];

var arr = [
    1,
    2,
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

only-multiline

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "only-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "only-multiline"]*/

var foo = { bar: "baz", qux: "quux", };

var arr = [1,2,];

var arr = [1,
    2,];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "only-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "only-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var foo = {bar: "baz", qux: "quux"};
var arr = [1,2];

var arr = [1,
    2];

var arr = [
    1,
    2,
];

var arr = [
    1,
    2
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

functions

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"functions": "never"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "never"}]*/

function foo(a, b,) {
}

foo(a, b,);
new foo(a, b,);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"functions": "never"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "never"}]*/

function foo(a, b) {
}

foo(a, b);
new foo(a, b);

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"functions": "always"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "always"}]*/

function foo(a, b) {
}

foo(a, b);
new foo(a, b);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"functions": "always"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "always"}]*/

function foo(a, b,) {
}

foo(a, b,);
new foo(a, b,);

When Not To Use It

You can turn this rule off if you are not concerned with dangling commas. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

disallow the use of console (no-console)

In JavaScript that is designed to be executed in the browser, it's considered a best practice to avoid using methods on console. Such messages are considered to be for debugging purposes and therefore not suitable to ship to the client. In general, calls using console should be stripped before being pushed to production.

console.log("Made it here.");
console.error("That shouldn't have happened.");

Rule Details

This rule disallows calls to methods of the console object.

Examples of incorrect code for this rule:

/*eslint no-console: "error"*/

console.log("Log a debug level message.");
console.warn("Log a warn level message.");
console.error("Log an error level message.");

Examples of correct code for this rule:

/*eslint no-console: "error"*/

// custom console
Console.log("Hello world!");

Options

This rule has an object option for exceptions:

• "allow" has an array of strings which are allowed methods of the console object

Examples of additional correct code for this rule with a sample { "allow": ["warn", "error"] } option:

/*eslint no-console: ["error", { allow: ["warn", "error"] }] */

console.warn("Log a warn level message.");
console.error("Log an error level message.");

When Not To Use It

If you're using Node.js, however, console is used to output information to the user and so is not strictly used for debugging purposes. If you are developing for Node.js then you most likely do not want this rule enabled.

Related Rules

• [no-alert](no-alert.md)
• [no-debugger](no-debugger.md) Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

require or disallow trailing commas (comma-dangle)

Trailing commas in object literals are valid according to the ECMAScript 5 (and ECMAScript 3!) spec. However, IE8 (when not in IE8 document mode) and below will throw an error when it encounters trailing commas in JavaScript.

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

Trailing commas simplify adding and removing items to objects and arrays, since only the lines you are modifying must be touched. Another argument in favor of trailing commas is that it improves the clarity of diffs when an item is added or removed from an object or array:

Less clear:

var foo = {
-    bar: "baz",
-    qux: "quux"
+    bar: "baz"
 };

More clear:

var foo = {
     bar: "baz",
-    qux: "quux",
 };

Rule Details

This rule enforces consistent use of trailing commas in object and array literals.

Options

This rule has a string option or an object option:

{
    "comma-dangle": ["error", "never"],
    // or
    "comma-dangle": ["error", {
        "arrays": "never",
        "objects": "never",
        "imports": "never",
        "exports": "never",
        "functions": "ignore",
    }]
}

• "never" (default) disallows trailing commas
• "always" requires trailing commas
• "always-multiline" requires trailing commas when the last element or property is in a different line than the closing ] or } and disallows trailing commas when the last element or property is on the same line as the closing ] or }
• "only-multiline" allows (but does not require) trailing commas when the last element or property is in a different line than the closing ] or } and disallows trailing commas when the last element or property is on the same line as the closing ] or }

Trailing commas in function declarations and function calls are valid syntax since ECMAScript 2017; however, the string option does not check these situations for backwards compatibility.

You can also use an object option to configure this rule for each type of syntax. Each of the following options can be set to "never", "always", "always-multiline", "only-multiline", or "ignore". The default for each option is "never" unless otherwise specified.

• arrays is for array literals and array patterns of destructuring. (e.g. let [a,] = [1,];)
• objects is for object literals and object patterns of destructuring. (e.g. let {a,} = {a: 1};)
• imports is for import declarations of ES Modules. (e.g. import {a,} from "foo";)
• exports is for export declarations of ES Modules. (e.g. export {a,};)
• functions is for function declarations and function calls. (e.g. (function(a,){ })(b,);)
  functions is set to "ignore" by default for consistency with the string option.

never

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "never" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "never"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var arr = [1,2,];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "never" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "never"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var arr = [1,2];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var arr = [1,2];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var arr = [1,2,];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

always-multiline

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var foo = { bar: "baz", qux: "quux", };

var arr = [1,2,];

var arr = [1,
    2,];

var arr = [
    1,
    2
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var foo = {bar: "baz", qux: "quux"};
var arr = [1,2];

var arr = [1,
    2];

var arr = [
    1,
    2,
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

only-multiline

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "only-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "only-multiline"]*/

var foo = { bar: "baz", qux: "quux", };

var arr = [1,2,];

var arr = [1,
    2,];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "only-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "only-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var foo = {bar: "baz", qux: "quux"};
var arr = [1,2];

var arr = [1,
    2];

var arr = [
    1,
    2,
];

var arr = [
    1,
    2
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

functions

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"functions": "never"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "never"}]*/

function foo(a, b,) {
}

foo(a, b,);
new foo(a, b,);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"functions": "never"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "never"}]*/

function foo(a, b) {
}

foo(a, b);
new foo(a, b);

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"functions": "always"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "always"}]*/

function foo(a, b) {
}

foo(a, b);
new foo(a, b);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"functions": "always"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "always"}]*/

function foo(a, b,) {
}

foo(a, b,);
new foo(a, b,);

When Not To Use It

You can turn this rule off if you are not concerned with dangling commas. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

require or disallow trailing commas (comma-dangle)

Trailing commas in object literals are valid according to the ECMAScript 5 (and ECMAScript 3!) spec. However, IE8 (when not in IE8 document mode) and below will throw an error when it encounters trailing commas in JavaScript.

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

Trailing commas simplify adding and removing items to objects and arrays, since only the lines you are modifying must be touched. Another argument in favor of trailing commas is that it improves the clarity of diffs when an item is added or removed from an object or array:

Less clear:

var foo = {
-    bar: "baz",
-    qux: "quux"
+    bar: "baz"
 };

More clear:

var foo = {
     bar: "baz",
-    qux: "quux",
 };

Rule Details

This rule enforces consistent use of trailing commas in object and array literals.

Options

This rule has a string option or an object option:

{
    "comma-dangle": ["error", "never"],
    // or
    "comma-dangle": ["error", {
        "arrays": "never",
        "objects": "never",
        "imports": "never",
        "exports": "never",
        "functions": "ignore",
    }]
}

• "never" (default) disallows trailing commas
• "always" requires trailing commas
• "always-multiline" requires trailing commas when the last element or property is in a different line than the closing ] or } and disallows trailing commas when the last element or property is on the same line as the closing ] or }
• "only-multiline" allows (but does not require) trailing commas when the last element or property is in a different line than the closing ] or } and disallows trailing commas when the last element or property is on the same line as the closing ] or }

Trailing commas in function declarations and function calls are valid syntax since ECMAScript 2017; however, the string option does not check these situations for backwards compatibility.

You can also use an object option to configure this rule for each type of syntax. Each of the following options can be set to "never", "always", "always-multiline", "only-multiline", or "ignore". The default for each option is "never" unless otherwise specified.

• arrays is for array literals and array patterns of destructuring. (e.g. let [a,] = [1,];)
• objects is for object literals and object patterns of destructuring. (e.g. let {a,} = {a: 1};)
• imports is for import declarations of ES Modules. (e.g. import {a,} from "foo";)
• exports is for export declarations of ES Modules. (e.g. export {a,};)
• functions is for function declarations and function calls. (e.g. (function(a,){ })(b,);)
  functions is set to "ignore" by default for consistency with the string option.

never

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the default "never" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "never"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var arr = [1,2,];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the default "never" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "never"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var arr = [1,2];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

always

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var arr = [1,2];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var arr = [1,2,];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

always-multiline

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "always-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var foo = { bar: "baz", qux: "quux", };

var arr = [1,2,];

var arr = [1,
    2,];

var arr = [
    1,
    2
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "always-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "always-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var foo = {bar: "baz", qux: "quux"};
var arr = [1,2];

var arr = [1,
    2];

var arr = [
    1,
    2,
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

only-multiline

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the "only-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "only-multiline"]*/

var foo = { bar: "baz", qux: "quux", };

var arr = [1,2,];

var arr = [1,
    2,];

Examples of correct code for this rule with the "only-multiline" option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", "only-multiline"]*/

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux",
};

var foo = {
    bar: "baz",
    qux: "quux"
};

var foo = {bar: "baz", qux: "quux"};
var arr = [1,2];

var arr = [1,
    2];

var arr = [
    1,
    2,
];

var arr = [
    1,
    2
];

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux",
});

foo({
  bar: "baz",
  qux: "quux"
});

functions

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"functions": "never"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "never"}]*/

function foo(a, b,) {
}

foo(a, b,);
new foo(a, b,);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"functions": "never"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "never"}]*/

function foo(a, b) {
}

foo(a, b);
new foo(a, b);

Examples of incorrect code for this rule with the {"functions": "always"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "always"}]*/

function foo(a, b) {
}

foo(a, b);
new foo(a, b);

Examples of correct code for this rule with the {"functions": "always"} option:

/*eslint comma-dangle: ["error", {"functions": "always"}]*/

function foo(a, b,) {
}

foo(a, b,);
new foo(a, b,);

When Not To Use It

You can turn this rule off if you are not concerned with dangling commas. Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/

For more information visit Source: http://eslint.org/docs/rules/