Cognitive Complexity

Cognitive Complexity is a measure of how difficult a unit of code is to intuitively understand. Unlike Cyclomatic Complexity, which determines how difficult your code will be to test, Cognitive Complexity tells you how difficult your code will be to read and comprehend.

A method's cognitive complexity is based on a few simple rules:

• Code is not considered more complex when it uses shorthand that the language provides for collapsing multiple statements into one
• Code is considered more complex for each "break in the linear flow of the code"
• Code is considered more complex when "flow breaking structures are nested"

Further reading

• Cognitive Complexity docs
• Cognitive Complexity: A new way of measuring understandability

This cop checks for double #start_with? or #end_with? calls separated by ||. In some cases such calls can be replaced with an single #start_with?/#end_with? call.

Example:

# bad
str.start_with?("a") || str.start_with?(Some::CONST)
str.start_with?("a", "b") || str.start_with?("c")
str.end_with?(var1) || str.end_with?(var2)

# good
str.start_with?("a", Some::CONST)
str.start_with?("a", "b", "c")
str.end_with?(var1, var2)

This cop is used to identify usages of

Example:

# bad
[1, 2, 3, 4].map { |e| [e, e] }.flatten(1)
[1, 2, 3, 4].collect { |e| [e, e] }.flatten(1)

# good
[1, 2, 3, 4].flat_map { |e| [e, e] }
[1, 2, 3, 4].map { |e| [e, e] }.flatten
[1, 2, 3, 4].collect { |e| [e, e] }.flatten

This cop checks for rescue blocks with no body.

Example:

# bad

def some_method
  do_something
rescue
  # do nothing
end

Example:

# bad

begin
  do_something
rescue
  # do nothing
end

Example:

# good

def some_method
  do_something
rescue
  handle_exception
end

Example:

# good

begin
  do_something
rescue
  handle_exception
end

This cop checks for rescue blocks with no body.

Example:

# bad

def some_method
  do_something
rescue
  # do nothing
end

Example:

# bad

begin
  do_something
rescue
  # do nothing
end

Example:

# good

def some_method
  do_something
rescue
  handle_exception
end

Example:

# good

begin
  do_something
rescue
  handle_exception
end

This cops checks the indentation of the here document bodies. The bodies are indented one step. In Ruby 2.3 or newer, squiggly heredocs (<<~) should be used. If you use the older rubies, you should introduce some library to your project (e.g. ActiveSupport, Powerpack or Unindent). Note: When Metrics/LineLength's AllowHeredoc is false(not default), this cop does not add any offenses for long here documents to avoid Metrics/LineLength's offenses.

Example:

# bad
<<-RUBY
something
RUBY

# good
# When EnforcedStyle is squiggly, bad code is auto-corrected to the
# following code.
<<~RUBY
  something
RUBY

# good
# When EnforcedStyle is active_support, bad code is auto-corrected to
# the following code.
<<-RUBY.strip_heredoc
  something
RUBY